CAC NHAN TO ANH Hl/dNG DEN Sl/THOA MAN BOI VOl CONG VIEC CUA CONG NHAN VA KY SU XAY DI/NG
Liru TrUofng Van Ngo Minh Triet
ABSTRACT
This paper presents factors affecting job satisfaction of worlcers and engineers in construction industry. Forty-three factors were identified through the questionnaire survey. The Spearman-rho correlation, Krul<al- WalJis test and factor analysis were applied to analyze data.
The results indicate that there are 4 groups of factors under the worker view: leaders and coworker relationship, wage, labor safety, and coordination whereas 5 groups under the engineer view: salary, boss, compliment, job safety and coordination in job. Based on these factors, managers can draw solutions to improve construction productivity through increasing satisfaction of worforce.
TSLiAiTnromgVan
Tnrdng Khoa Xay dung & Dien, Trudng Dai hocMdTRHCM Th.S Ngo Minh Triet
TrUdng Oai hoc Tien Giang, My Tho, Tien Giang
1. Dat van de
Khi ngQdi lao ddng kem thda man ddi vdi edng viee, doanh nghiep se gap khd khan khi mudn duy tri hay dao tao, phat trien iQe iQpng lao ddng. NhQ vay, de cd the nang eao chat iQdng eho dpi ngu lao ddng, eae doanh nghiep trQdc tien phai hieu rd dieu gi anh hQdng den sQ thda man eua ngQdi lao ddng ddi vdi cdng viec de cd bien phap lam gia tang mQc dp thda man eua hp.
Da ed rat nhieu nghien cQu ve sQ thda man eua ngQdi lao ddng ddi vdi cdng viee tren the gidi, tuy nhien, d Viet Nam, cac nghien cQu ve sQ thda man cua ngQdi lao ddng ddi vdi edng viee trong linh vQe xay dQng thi ehQa nhieu, dae biet la ddi vdi edng nhan va ky sQ xay dQng. Bai bao nay trinh bay ket qua mdt nghien cQu ve cac yeu td anh hQdng den sQ thda man ddi vdi edng viee eua cdng nhan va kysQ xay dQng.
2. LUOC khao trudc day lien quan den sUthda man doi vcri cong viec trong nganh xay dung
Boreherding va Oglesby da nghien cQu ve mdi quan he giQa sQ thda man ddi vdi cdng viee va nang suat lao ddng tai My. Nghien cQu eho thay sQ thda man ddi vdi edng viec trong nganh xay dQng vdn da ed trong ban than edng viec. Viec lap ke hoach tdt, lam cho cdng viee trdi ehay, eai thien sQ thda man ddi vdi edng viee va nang suat lao ddng [3].
Olomolaiye va Ogunlana da tien hanh mpt nghien cQu tai Nigeria. Ket qua nghien cQu da ehi ra quan he tdt vdi dong nghiep va nhiem vu cd tinh thQ thaeh cd tae dung ddng vien eao trong khi giam sat thieu tdn trpng, thieu edng nhan no iQc lam giam ddng iQc lam viee [7].
Smithers va Walker da thQc hien nghien cQu tai Uc. Ket qua nghien cQu cho thay mdi trQdng lam viec cd the lam giam ddng iQe lam viee eua ngQdi lao ddng. 0ae biet mdt sd yeu td nhQ lam viee nhieu gid, mdi trQdng ddng due, khdng dQpc cdng nhan ket qua cdng viec se lam giam ddng iQc lam viec [8].
Thomas Ng va cdng sQ da tien hanh mdt
nghien cQu tai Hong Kong va ke't luan rang vat tu sin sang, mdi trQdng lam viee ddng due, iam lai la mdt trong eae yeu td quan trpng lam giam ddng iQc lam viec eua ngQdi lao dpng [9].
Kazaz va cdng sQ da thQc hien mdt nghien cQu tai Turkey. Ket qua nghien cQu cho thay tay nghe eua chi huy edng trQdng, viec quan ly vat tQ, tra iQpng dung han, td chQc cdng viec he thdng, giam sat, dieu kien cdng trQdng, tien iQong, co hpi dao tao va edng viee tQOng tQ ed tae dung ddng vien ddi vdi ngQdi lao dpng [11].
3. Phifcing phap nghien cufu
Day la mdt nghien cQu md ta dQpc thQc hien thdng qua bSng eau hdi va eae Quy trinh nghien cQu dupe md ta trong Hinh 1 .Ddi tQpng khao sat la edng nhan va kysQ xay dQng dang lam viee tai 5 dQan tren dja ban TP.HCM. Bang cau hdi dQOc phat bang hai each: qua email cho ban be, ngQdi quen va phat trQc tiep tai cac cdng trQdng. Ky sQ se tQ tra Idi bang eau hdi va gQi lai. Rieng edng nhan se dQpc phdng van hdi y kien trQc tiep tdng ngQdi va danh dau vao bang tra idi de dam bao cac cau hoi dQpc hieu rd va eau tra Idi la ehinh xac.
TQ nhQng bang cau hdi da dQpc tri Idi, sd lieu dQoe ma hda, nhap vao may vi tinh va phan tieh bang phan mem SPSS 17.0. Phan mem se thdng ke dQ lieu ve ngQdi tra Idl, bao gia tri trung binh eho moi yeu td. DQa vao gia trj trung binh de xep hang eae yeu td va tim ra eae yeu td quan trpng tren tQng nhdm va toan bd ngQdi tra Idi.
He sd tQOng quan hang Spearman dQpc tinh toan de kiem tra xem lieu ed sQ thdng nhat ehung ve each xep hang giQa eae nhdm ddi tQOng edng nhan, ky sQcdng trQdng va ky SQ van phdng hay khdng.
Kiem djnh Kruskal-W/allis duac stf dung de tim y nghTa thdng ke ve sQ khae biet ve gia trj trung binh eua tQng yeu td giQa eae nhdm.
Ngoai ra phan tich nhan to cung dQpc thUc hien de nhdm cae yeu td lai vdi nhau.
4. Ket quS nghien cuTu va th^o luan Sd iQong bang cau hdi phat ra la 370. So iQpng thu lai la 217 (187 ban in va 30 email).
6 0 Bii^ninsi 05.2011
Bang 1. Cae yeu toanh hQdng de'n sQ thda man ddi vdi cdng viec cua cdng nhan, ky sQ cdng trQdng va ky sQvan phdng.
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
n
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Yeu to
An toan lao ddng Cdng viec dn djnh Vat tQ, dung cu day du Thdi tiet
Noi lam viec ddng due Lam ngoai gid, tang ca Khdi iQpng cdng viec phu hop Gid giae lam viee thoai mai SQyeu thich cdng viec Yeu cau edng viee rd rang DQpc hQdng dan day du DQpc giam sat tdt Td ehQc, lap ke hoach tdt Cdng viee tien trien Cdng viee lap dl lap lai Yeu eau thay ddi, lam lai Tinh thQ thach SQdung ky nang DQpc ddc lap va tQ ehu DQOC ddng gdp y kien LQpng thda dang LQOng ngoai gid thda dang LQOng edng bang LQOng dung han Phuc loi tdt
DQpc khen, thQdng khi hoan thanh tdt cdng viee
OQOC khen, thQdng khi no iQc Quan he tdt vdi ddng nghiep Trong nhdm phdi hpp tdt Cac td, nhdm phdi hop tdt Thay doi ngQdi trong nhdm Ddng nghiep iQdi bieng Odng nghiep tay nghe kem Cap tren tay nghe kem DQOC phan hdi ve ket qua DQOC thdng tin day du Cohdi thang tien Thang tien cdng bang Dao tao, huan luyen DQOC trao traeh nhiem DQOC ddi xQ cdng bang Ouac cap tren tdn trong DQpc ho trp khi gap khd khan
Cong nhan Trung binh 4.74 4.44 4.43 3.62 3.04 4.53 3.76 4.10 3.62 4.31 4.31 3.54 3.91 4.24 2.88 3.66 2.85 3.29 3.37 3.44 4.72 4.43 3.99 4.69 3.81 4.01 3.96 4.72 4.68 4.46 3.81 4.44 2.56 3.78 3.82 4.25 2.59 2.34 3.46 4.28 4.54 4.63 4.66
Thul hang 1 11 13 31 38 9 29 20 31 15 15 33 24 19 39 30 40 37 36 35 2 13 22 4 26 21 23 2 5 10 26 11 42 28 25 18 41 43 34 17 8 7 6
Ky sU cong trUd'ng Trung binh 4.35 4.40 4.17 3.71 3.35 3.60 3.87 3.79 4.32 3.97 3.78 3.46 4.10 3.87 3.27 3.83 3.38 4.03 4.14 4.02 4.54 4.52 4.33 4.29 4.30 4.10 4.08 4.29 4.38 4.21 3.33 3.95 3.76 4.22 3.90 4.29 4.51 4.33 4.08 4.22 4.25 4.33 4.37
Thuf hang 7 4 20 37 41 38 31 34 11 28 35 39 22 31 43 33 40 26 21 27 1 2 8 13 12 22 24 13 5 19 42 29 36 17 30 13 3 8 24 17 16 8 6
Ky su van phong Trung binh 4.14 4.09 3.96 3.30 3.60 3.81 4.01 3.78 4.19 3.96 3.84 3.42 4.10 3.65 3.27 3.94 3.71 3.79 3.86 3.87 4.60 4.31 4.08 4.06 4.23 3.94 4.04 4.04 4.12 4.08 3.35 3.71 3.62 3.94 3.96 3.97 4.12 4.03 3.90 4.13 4.14 4.17 4.00
ThQhang 6 12 22 42 39 32 19 34 4 22 31 40 11 37 43 25 35 33 30 29 1 2 13 15 3 25 16 16 9 13 41 35 38 25 22 21 9 18 28 8 6 5 20
Trong dd 9 bin eau tra Idi ehQa day du nen bj loai, do dd sd iQpng dQa vao phan tieh thdng ke la 208 bin.
Cac yeu td quan trpng anh hQdng den sQ thda man ddi vdi cdng viec cua cdng nhan va kysQ xay dQng
He sd tQOng quan Spearman (Bang 2) dQpc tinh toan de kiem tra xem lieu ed sQ thdng nha't chung ve each xep hang giQa cac nhdm ddi
tQOng edng nhan, ky sQ edng trQdng va ky sQ van phdng hay khdng.
He sd R eho tha'y each xep hang cae yeu td giQa ky sQ cdng trQdng va ky sQ van phdng ed sQtQong ddng (r = 0.896 >0.5) hay giQa 2 nhdm ky SQ cd sQ thdng nhat ve each xep hang eae yeu td. Do dd, cd the gpp chung hai nhdm ddi tQOng nay de xem xet cac ye'u td anh hudng den ky sQ ndi ehung.
Trong danh saeh eae yeu td quan trpng eua minh, cdng nhan liet ke 6 yeu td ma ky sQ khdng ed. Dd la: thdi gian lam ngoai gid, tang ca (hang 9); ddng nghiep iQdi bieng (hang 11); dQoe hQdng dan day du (hang 15); yeu eau cdng viec rd rang (hang 15); edng viee tien trien (hang 19) va gid giae lam viee thoai mai (hang 20). NgQpc lai, ky sQ liet ke 8 yeu td khae vdi edng nhan:
eo hdi thang tien (hang 3); phuc Ipl tdt (hang
05.2011 ^ E i n i i s i e i
PhQOng phap
Tdng quan ly thuyet
Phdng van thQ (Pilot Test)
Thu thap dQ lieu bang bang eau hdi va phan
tieh dQ lieu
M UC dieh Xae dinh eae nhan t d tQ
nhQng nghien cQu trQdc day
Kiem tra sQ phu h p p v a tien lpi eua bang eau
hdi
Xep hang va nhdm eae ye'u t d
Ketqua 43 yeu t d va lap bang
cau hdi
''
Bang eau hdi cudi eung
' '
ThQ hang va nhdm cae yeu t d H i n h l : Quy trinh nghien cufu
Bang 2. He sd tQOng quan hang Spearman giQa eae nhdm.
R Sig
Cdng n h a n / kysQ edng trQdng
0.462 0.002
Cdng n h a n / ky sQvan phdng
0.492 0.001
Cdng n h a n / ky sQ 0.461 0.002
KysQ van phong/
ky sQ cdng trQdng 0.896 0.000 Bang 3. Phan tich nhan t d (Factor analysis
Nhan t d 1
2
3
4
5
Eigenvalue 4.034
2.393
1.958
1.832
1.270
% of variance 23.730
14.076
11.519
10.776
7.468
) ddi vdi edng nhan.
Ten nhan t d Lanh dao va quan
he ddng nghiep
Luong
An toan edng viee
Phdi hop
Ten bien C43 C I I C42 CIO C28 C21 C22 C6 Cl C2 C24
C3 C32 C30 C29 C26 C14
Factor loading .847 .741 .674 .669 .623 .868 .812 .751 .821 .760 .634 .592 .799 .786 .589 .733 .630
4); sQ yeu thich cdng viec (hang 5); iQong edng bang (hang 10); thang tie'n edng bang (hang 13);
t d chQc, lap ke hoach tdt (hang 19); dQpc khen, thQdng khi nd iQc (hang 20) va cap tren tay nghe kem (hang 20). Su khae nhau giQa hai nhdm eho thay cdng nhan quan tam den dieu kien lam viec, ket qua cdng viec cdn ky sQquan tam den viec td chQc, thang tien, sQ yeu thieh cdng viee.
So sanh sQ khae biet giQa cdng nhan - ky sQ va ky sQedng trQdng- ky sQvan phdng
Kiem dinh phi tham sd Kruskal-Wallis da duc^c stf dung de kiem dinh sQ khae nhau ve gia trj trung binh giQa nhQng nhdm ddi tQpng. Ket qua cho thay cdng nhan quan tam nhieu den dieu kien lam viec, ddng nghiep va lanh dao trong khi tinh chat cdng viec, eo hdi thang tien,
sQtQchu va dQpc ddng gdp y kien cho cae quyet djnh ed y nghia han ddi vdi ky sQ. Ky sQ edng trQdng quan tam de'n dieu kien lam viee, phdi hpp, thdng tin, cdng viee dn dinh va thang tien hon ky SQvan phdng.
Phan tich nhan t d vdi cdng nhan
21 ye'u td dupe edng nhan danh gia quan trpng (cd gia tri trung binh Idn hon 4.0) dQpc dQa vao phan tieh nhan td. Kiem djnh KMO va Bartlett cho tha'y phan tieh nhan t d la thieh hop ( KMO la 0.582 va sig la 0.000).
Phan tich nhan td (Bang 3) cho tha'y ed 4 nhan td anh hQdng tdi sQthda man ddi vdi cdng viec cua cdng nhan. B d la lanh dao - quan he ddng nghiep, thu nhap, an toan edng viee va phdi hop vdi ddng nghiep. Cdn sQ thda man ddi vdi cdng
viec cua ky sQ chju anh hQdng bdi 5 nhan to la iQOng - phuc Ipi, lanh dao, khen thQdng, an toan edng viee va phdi hop - t d ehde edng viec
5. Ket luan
DQa tren 43 yeu t d cd anh hQdng den sQ thda man ddi vdi cdng viec cua cdng nhan va ky SQ xay dQng dQpc t o n g hpp tQ eae nghien cQu lien quan, nghien eQu nay da xep hang va xae djnh cac yeu t d quan trpng ddi vdi tQng nhdm ddi tQpng. ThQ tQ Qu tien eua cac ye'u t d cd SQ khae biet giQa edng nhan va ky sU xay dQng. SQ khae biet ve thQ hang va gia trj trung binh cua eae yeu t d glQa hai nhdm doi tQpng cho thay cdng nhan va ky sQ cd nhu cau khae nhau trong cdng viee. Bang phQong phap phan tich nhan t d , cac yeu t d quan trpng doi vdi edng nhan dQOc chia thanh 4 nhdm.
Viee xac djnh eae ye'u t d quan trpng anh hQdng tdi sQ thda man ddi vdi cdng viec cua cdng nhan va ky sQ se giup nha q u i n ly hieu dQpc nhu eau cua ngQdi lao ddng va ed bien phap phu hpp, hieu qua de gia tang sQ hai Idng
cua ho. •
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