uoc VA PHAP LUAT
XAY DITNG CHINH PHU KIE» TAO l) VIET NAM HIEN NAV TIEP CAN T i n t LUAN QUAN TRI TOT
N g u y e n TVi^ng B i n h • ' TS H(K viin Qicrh bi khti vilC IV
I'hAng rlr Ih^bilcl:
Tifki\t)a. Clunb pbu kini Uo, C3I <Ach hBfih chliOi cong, quon m loT
N'hjiibii Mm.'2O10 BieiiCHp 117.M'2<i:iO Dui'clhai . I6'04'202U
T6Q1 l i t : ^ 0 nirAf la i h ^ gtiin 4*1. nhCmy ilianli q^J nphici* c^tij ve i:lirjih p h i
ki^n ruft 11 rii i^uiLTi Uijng, n^p phin u m a cap no sft ly lufln vA diire lien dtf t h i r i i n dlif manli « i c i c h liinh chinh cOne liicn linll Ihan x a v d i n i g c h ^ phii kien Iflo, M*c dii vay, n h i o E a S ' " ^ ' ' ^ ^ ^ * ' ' ™ quan van cinii ke Uiira day OH iii ta thv lc<: nhinig !*• ih^V^I ^I'Pi dgi n ™ the g i * ve van de nif. 4I0 d6 cat d^ >:uai n h i m ikiK dfly C^i each hinb cbinh cong theo lhM» Hull than sHy dyng chinh phii kitft l»o con chira d i y dii T u l f luan i|Uiiin| Ini. b.H viil g i p phki l i m rfl dJc n u n s c i a chinh pbu & i ^ Ipy •' nf dflsh gia ihnc (rflii^ df df t u a i nifil nd [iai phSp nMm flfiy ragnh ^.ai cSch hanh chinh ccnft ChUi) mfl hicih cJiliilLphtlt^^nl^i^aVi^lNBin,
Ariicle I n f o m i n c n ;
lievn-o'ds. leclouii govccnmtnl, public admuiisnalion refnrm. gncd Savemanci^
Arlti^ Hu^iiri'-
RKEived J I M a r , IDZO Edili^ : 07 Apt. 2020 f^ppnjved : l e A p r 2(121)
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hoc pa^l years in our Luimliy, lL|i^ r^i^ulr^ cif unidica nr Irclnnic f Gvcmnienr cdncrpl play veiy cnicial rule, providing cnn In hi] linn a In |]ic Ihcnrdiiial £iid prB£:ncal pcoiind loi ua lo ^rcclerale Ih? piibllL mlnllniMialiOd rtfinin mtiie SpinICif aHetnnic gnviiTnnicnl Hoivcver, rbi: relEvam sludiffl havflnOl lilHy, selKrively adnpWdlha modem UiKHicE in Ibe'I'ocid iHilhiE maHer, ibcTcfbce ihepmposaEE lopmHUCC puhl ic admint':Iralicn rclojm in the £pml of ibc Irclciiic govcmmnLt IS ii^ adaqnale Fmiii rha Ibnn}'ofgmHl goventaiiGEMhiG ulicic i& to cl-infv \\\v ch'ranlfci^iai nf Ibe Icclnnic ^vrmnienE and baj«d«k aEEHScmcnlEofllie ptiillical Fimalinn lo pravide ircnninicndaliiJiB lo proraale puWic BilmicinlraTioD icFcinn under Ihc leclnnic gnvcmracnl raadalil> in Vielmiii.
1. Chinh phii k i l n l a a p h a l t n e n : q u a n ni^m \ a dat' I n r n g c i r b i n
Tuy Ld nhilu cach hieu v l chinh phu kien iai> (CPKT) phal men nhimg cd the hidu, CPKT pliii inlii la clilnb phii lam ill ca nhimg gi co did dd su phal men cd ihc ^ i y ra Noi Ljch khac, do l i inoE chinh phii CO duiic ofing luc va phuong ibijc nhat djnh dd iiijdi duflng, dan dal, dinh hirdng v i thiic day hir phdi iridn, nhil la-!y phii iricnb^ii vtmg, i n l i v H i l r ' e u u ,
' " L A P P H A P ' so QjlLSI - Tdr2l>2D
Mflt chjnh phu nhu ihc n i o mfli co the cd dii iiSng lyc de nudi dirdng, dan dal, djnli huong v i Ehllc day SW phit Irilii ben ^Thig^r^iiijip^
l|ch sir phit trien eua khoa hi?c vi hfli ^^i nhin van, nhil la l|ch sii chinh iri hoc, khoa hyc hanh chinh cdng,,, lhi day la cau hdi
"viiaciS, vira mfli". N'oiday l i c i u hoi "cu"
vi day U chii dd d i duflc d i i ra lir liu va suy cho cung, l^ch su pbil indn ciia chinh lr| h ^ hanh chinh cdng l i lich ^u dice dudi d i p i;^
cho mflt cau hf». ihl nao li m^i ^^^ P"""
tdi vl lim [hd nio dl chinh phu cd ihe ihyc hifln tdi su m^h kidn igo phal triln. Ndi day laeSu hdi 'Vn>i^ vi cho din ngay nay, vifc cii cich hanh chinh cdng de (hue day hinh chinh nha nude (HCNN^ ihuc bidn idi SIT m^nh ciia nfl ii mdi vlrnJc dirflc hau hel cic quoc gia quan lam, ciSngllmdichude mang linh loin ciu, Du cd nhi&i cich licp cin khiL nhau. song cd mptdifem dong ihugn chu yeu do la dc cd duoc mpl CPKTphit iriln^ chinh phu do can Ii mflt chinh phu "Quin tri Idt"
{]fOCd governance) Mfll chinh phii duoc nem la quin Iii Idt iihi cfl nhiing die trung cobin wuday'r
Thie/ihiif. lay nhan ddn ldm tmngid'n la ly do chinh d&ng duy nhal cho sy ton igi vi hoal ddng ciia chinh phii^ ciia hanh chinh cdng, Chinh phi liy nhin d i i lam trung lim li mdi chinh phu "coin tim toin y phyc vg cong dan''| '^Ihire hi^n loi, duy tri loi, phii trien l6l lpi Ich cfln bin nhil ciia ddng dao nhin dan, lay vi^c nhin dan ijng hd hay khdng ung hp, lan thanh hay khdng lin thanh, vui liay khdng vui, dfing y hay khdng dflng f, hii Idng hsy khdng hii Lflng lani tiiu chuan CO ban dedSnh gii lal ci cdng vice,
Thu hai. Cl? ^ph6i hifp KJ hitp ldc hiiu qud giua chinh pht' vdi doanh nghiip (lhi tnrdng) vd xa h^i (id chitc chinh jfj- xa hpi.
lo chuc jd hii' Vii ngw^i ddn) tnmg quan fr) ifuoc gia va qudn frtxah^i. ton Irpng va bao dam sv iham gfa ciio cac chii ihc cd Iteii quan rrong qu& irinh chinh sdch cdng va quan Irj quoc gra. Himh chinh cflng ttuyfln tbong COI nbi nude li chii the duy nhil, dflc ldn trong quan ly xa hfli, coi ngudi d ^ la bdn bl dflng phyc tiing chinh flicb, m^nh l(nh va hinh vi ciia cicco quan hinh chinh ( C Q H C ) nhi nuflc Thu^. tc cho ihay, md
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LLAT hinh niy Ji khdng hi^u qui Boi lc, vice nhan manh vai tro ddc ldn ciia Nlia nude s^ din ddn viec lim cho bd may vi bidn che "phinh lo", chi li^u cdng ling len, Trong khi dd.
CPKT phal tnen nhan mgnh vi^c trao nhieu quyen Eion cbo doanh nghiep vi xa hdi ciing nhu coi lrong su hop tac Uch cyc vfti cac chii till niy- nhin nianh vidc chuydn ddi chi^c ning Ciia cbinh phii lu vai ird ti "ngu&i ch^o thuyen" sang vai Ud "ngudi lii thuyen" (tgo lgp mdi Uudng. bao gdm mdi truimg Ih^ chl phii hflp cho sy phal lncn)j nhan mgnh vi^c bao dam su iham gia cua ngudi din trong qui trinli chinh sach (hogch djnh, thyc thi, danh gia va dieu chinh chinh sach] va hong cung ung dich vy edng Viflc thyc biflu ay phdi hop giira Nha nude - Th| Uirdng va xa hdi Uong quan ui quoc gia ehJiDg nhung giiip phal huy loi ths, hgn che khiem khuyet eiie mdi b^n, mi cdn cd lic dyng phal huy ?uc manh idng hflp de giii quyet ed hicu qui cic vin dl \a h^i
Thtfba. i-Q'igkhoi.minhbijch thdngdn.
Cdng khai ibflng lin trong hogi dflng cua chinh ph j , CQIK- niia mrdc cd ^ nghia d^e bi^E quan tning, VI diy li co sit de dam bio quyen tiep cin didng ric vdi fir each mpl lrong nhiing quyIn co ban ciia cdng dan, Thyc hicn cflng khai, ininli bgch thdng lin cdn la CO sd dd dim bio sy iham giavigijm sal ciia ngudi dun, ihuc day Uach nhi^m giii ttinh ciia chinh phii, ciing nhu gdp phan hgn chl diara nhung irong khu vyc cdng, Cdng khai. ntinh bgch ihdng lin ciia chmh phii edn cd tic dung gnip tho id chuc va ci nhan iii dijng CO h i ^ qui ngudn Ihdng lin do chinh phu nim gii^, ni dd cd ihl oo ra nhieu gia U]
choi^ihfli Vi viy. mflldgclnjng quan upng Ciia CPKT dd li cd sy cong khai, minh bach thdng tin, Tbuc ll cho ihay, khdng mdi qudc gia nao cd the phit trien idt hong Ihoi dai
N ^ u y ^ T r p n p Binh | 2 « l * | , IL,iiiJicbinb cfliift '.iiquan tn c m g - m c i i ^ '•3n Ok ly l u a n v i thi^i H^n,Nxb.
Cbinh Irj h|UDC gia Sij thul
11
H a m t N ORI S6Pj4':«}-T4f:(i»i^_LAP P H A P
•^\J6C VA PHAP LUAT ngiy nay, khdng mpi chinh phti nao duoc goi la c6 muc do lidm chinh cao neu chinh phu cua quoc gia dfl bao mil ve ihdng hn. \~^ ihe, cdng khai, minh b^h la mdi die irun^
khdng die dncu ciia CPKT.
ThU tu. hipu q\ia- Thdng ihirdng hicu qua quan U| liu chinh phu cd hi?uqoa kinh tc va hipu ^]lli xahpi, Hipu quad day la hipu qua kmh lc trong hoal dpng ciia c]iinh phu.
the hifn d cho sii dyng ngudn lyc, chi phi nhd hon dc lao ra "dau ra Idn va loi hon"
Tinh hicu qui eua chinh phii the hi^n Uen nhicu phuong difn, nhu: (i) sy phii hop 'a lmh gon vc id chiic bo may ciia chinh phii:
(ii> linh hipu qua cua quan trj dicn tii, chinh phll dicn hi^ (iii) chal lupng va hipu qui ho^E dflng ciis dfli ngu can bp. cdng chuc,,, Dgc bipl, CPKT phat uien d cac nuoc Ddng A (Hin Quoc, Tiung Quoc. ) the hif n mpl dgc dicm chung ndi bgt. do la d ^ Iren che dfl cdng chiic phii hpp (ihi myen. bo ui, sir d^g, danh gia, dai ngfl, sang Iflc.) de cd diroc d^i ngii cdng chuc ihii sy linh anh lam vifc trong cic coquan nhi nude. Chit luyng cflng chu'c khdng chi quyel dinh tinh hicu qua irong hoal dyng ciia ehinh phii, ma cdn quyet dinh ca chat lirjng hoat ddng. muc dd liem chinh, phap quyen trong hoal dflng cm chinh phii.
Thit nmi. phdp quyen- J*hap quyin nhin m^nb vile su dung "phap luit Idl" dl chd uoc va kidm &oal su vin hinh quyen lyc eiia Lhinh phu, ciing nhu chd uuc vipc su dijng quyen lyc ciia cin bp, cdng chuc lrong ihyc thi edng <ty, nd nhan manh vifc su dyng phip lual de "quan quyen luc", "quan viec"
va "quan nguoi". Phap q u y ^ nhin manh viec "'cd lujl dc lam can cir va didu chinh ihirc Ihl phap lu^l phii nghiem, vi pham phip lull bal bude phai b[ tniy cim vi \.\i I J"'
no nhan mgnh llnh ky Iugl, k> cu.me ™^S bd miy hanh chinh. .Muc dd ph^iP 1"^^"
cang cao lhi miic dp quan tn idl c.inc cae.
viec ihuc hicn chuc nang kicn igO cang it*' va nguoc Igi,
Thu -.du. linh ddp ung- Ndi him b.ui ehil Ciin linh dip iing voi Ur each mfl( icofJj nhiing die inmg cua qu-rn ui idi "•> ^"ii^i 'J mot iTiing nhihifj djlc tnnig cua hanh cbmh ki^n igo ph&l men chinh la; (i) CQHC vaddi ngii cin by, cong chirc nim bii kip ih^ ya day dii c&c yeu can, nhu ciu vi kien nghj cua ngudi dan, doanh nghiep: (i') ^"^ ra^bidn phap, hinh dong kip ihni, cd hidn qi^ ^^ ?i^' quyctnhimgycu cau, nhu ciu chinh ding vi hpp phap cua ngudi dan va doanh ngblfp, Quan lieu, \^ din. thd c. vd cam tmdc nhiing yeu cau hop phip, chinh ding ciia ngirdi dan va doanh nglnfp la nhiing hifn tupng xa la vdi mfll chinh phu ed nang lire dap ling l6l
Thu bay, linh irAch nhiem: Hi?n nay, gidi n^icn cim cfl nhi^u quan nifm khic nhau vc iriieh nbi^m edng, Cd J kien phin chia tinh Erach nhidm ciia cliLnhphu. CQHC vi ddi ngQ cin bd, cdng chi^ thinh; trich nhidm chinh in, n^ch nhicmphip fugl, trich nhi^mhanh chinh viirich nhi^indaodi^l^', Tuy nhien. ciing cd ihe phan cKia itach nhifm cdng ihanh liai logi, (i) tfdch nhs^
khitch quan. nic nhin mgnh vipc CQHC va cfin bd. cdng chuc ihyc hicn tot nhi^m vu, trich nhifm cua minh theo quy dinh ciia phip luit va quy dinh cua to chlrci[n)rrdtft nft^'eFw cfrri quun. lire nhan mgnh luong lim vi syly giic vd dgo diic cua dpi ngu cin bfl, cdng chuc trong diyc lhi eong vy chi khi linh trficb nhifm ciia ehinh phi, CQHC vi dpi ngu cflng chiic cao lhi mdi cd ihc ndi don
"hinh dflng quyil li^t", "phyc vu tOi nhin
2 \.^iii i l i ^ n Nguyen T j f n g Bmh 1?DIF), ' T ^ j ; Lurme x i y dinw Jan dire cong '.y <'Ji\i6c ta hicn nby\ y^p Lihl l_y luJii Chtnh ^^, ^n i
• f j i H a K i m CVU •'
• ' ' L A P P H & P iJei-Josi-Ta/JMO
din" ciia CQHC. Tinh nich nhifm kem t^[
yfu d-in ddn i,ir-hinh ddng chim uc", " dun day irach nhi^ra", "irfin tranh viee khfl"...
Uong qui uinh ihyc lhi cdng vy. Khi dd, rat kJid ndi den CPKT vi hinh ddng
Thiiiani, ^jem c*/i^." L i ^ chinh li noi ddn miic do itong sach ciia chinh phii, cac CQHC cling nhu can bd, cdng chiie, Cd mfll chl sd dl ^ac d|nli dicu nay dd la miic do (ham nhung lrong khu vyc cdng cao bay diap, Thdng ihudng muc dd tham nhiing cing cao thi mirc dp licm ehinh cing Ihap, Tham nhiing d myc dfl ean va phd bien si can ud vigc ihirc hi^n chile nang kifn l^o phal hidn Ciia chinh phii. cling dong thdi can ud vipc xay dyng mfll ehinh phu hitihdOn^, phi^ vi^ nhin din. VI tliam nhiing dmiic do eao vi phd biin sS citiltfl' vifc Ihyc hifn cic chuong trinh, ke hogch d^i mdi, can Ird vif e thuc hidn cd hifu qui thf chf, ehinh sich.
ciing nhu anli hudng khdng lot den chSl linjng phyc ^'y nguoi tian ciia cic CQHC
Thic chin, cdng Mng: Cdng bang dday gdm nhidu nghTa, Uung dd ab hai nghTa co banli (i) khdng ph^n bipl d6i xi^ Uong thyc dll cflngvi^-iii}hiodiindf liicimpi ngucri deu cd the tham gia vio lien binh phal incn va diy hirdng Uiinh qua cua phal trien
ThKmti6i, 6n dinh- Thyc ll cho thay, bat tii qudc gi^ nio cung cin giii quydl mdi quan h^ giiia dn dinh -doi mdi vi phal incn, Irongddfln dmh lilidndl; ddi mdi li dflng lyc con phal men ii myc dieh, Khdng cd -i\^
on djnh thi klidng ihl noi ddn ddi nidi, klidng cdddi mdi thi khdng ihc ndi den phal Irifn, 6n dmh o d^y khflng clii la sy dn djnh ve chinh bi - xa hdi, mi cfln bao gdm s^ dn dinh cda llie die, chinh s^ch.
NHA NLTQCVA PHAP LUAT 1. Thyc trang l^ ehlrc va hogt dyng ciiB binb chinh nha n i r ^ hien nay
Trong chgngdudng gan ^5 nanid^imdi vira qua, \'di phucmg chim "klE hup chdt chi ngay ifi diu dfli mdi kmh Lc vdi ddi m&i chmh it|, liy ddi mdi kinh tc lira tiyi^ 1am, tiing bude ddi mdi ehirdi tri"'". hp Ihong ehinh ui Viel Nam ndi chung va HCNN Vipl Nam ndi ri^g gdp pKin bao dam quyen lam clni cua nhin din lifn cic IVnh vuc kinli ll.
chinh tri, van hda vi xi hdi- Mic dil viy, HCNN cung con (on tgi mpl sfl han chf, ydu kem. Nhin lii cac yeu id cua quin In Idl. cd die thay rd nhung van dc noi bat.
iVti'it 1^ -iphinnfg dien "lay nhdn ddn ldn} irung ldm ", hdn canh mpl so uu dicra Ihi ddludfl vin cdn hi&n lucmg "liy HCNN va ein bfl, cOng chirc lim mmg lam", chal lupng dicli vy cdng Lcn ni^l si hgn chd; van con mpl by p h ^ cin hfl, cflng chiic chua ihgt sy loin lam, toin y phuc vy nlian dan, lay sy
"giau cd eiia gia dinh vi bin ihin lam myc lieu phan dau" mi "chua lay am no, hgnh phiie va sy hai Idng cda nh&e dSn lam mye lieu phan dau"'''.
Hat Id, ukhiacijnh ihuchien \irhilpldc giua HCNN vol ihi Incong vd xd k6l, bdn canh mfll sS uu dicm ihi van edn Ihd hifn noi bgt cue difn "coi Nha mrdc li dflc ifln". vin cdn tu [luy cm thi Uudng vi y.^ hdi chi li ' ddi luong quin ly". luddcan ihifp Hycliep va khdng ding co vao hogt dyng cfia doanh nghipp va xa hfli- viec ihyc hipn xa hfli hda de phit huy div dii hon siic mgnh cia dnanh nghifp va IM hdi cdn khdng il rao cin va chua dip ling diryc ydu ciu Dieu nay khflng chi lim cho bo may valn^n che "phinh lo", chl Ihyfliig xuyin chicm C^' If cao mi cdn khdng cd li,n cHo viec giai phflng vi phal huy
1 R m p Cflng san V ^ i tJani, V i n kifn Um hui Dai bicu loan qu^c lOn lai'r ^TTI, Nxb. Chinh IH i^iH^f pla. Ha N j i r r ? !
4 Neuyen tron« Hinh |20l^), TJng ciirti^ ^Jy ciim ^ da a due rone '.nj ^p ml^lrla hicn nnj, I up •^hi Lyluan Clilnbni, w ^,
— HUHIEN Ciru
Sfi&!4iBl-TJrM2ll^ LAP PHAP
13
^'I'l*' rtfUOCVA PHAP LUAT cac ngudn lyc Uong \i hyi dc phyc vy myc li^u phal men.
Ba !d. <7 kitia carih bao dam '^mhamgra Ctia nguui ddn, b i o cao hieu q u i quin Iq \-u hanh chinh cdng cap lmh Uong cic nam qua Chn Ihay, dicm sd vd ^y iham gia cda ninnVi din luy cd duoc cii diifn dieo limg njin, nhimg nhin chung con chua can, diem ' c s u Iham gia cua n^uiVi din irong ca nude ihm bao cao PAPI nim 201^ dgt Juoe dao dflng tu 4.41 djdin din tS.ld diem'lhani^ l-IO dilm; ly If ngyoi ua ldi cho bidt d i iham gia vao vide quyel d|nh >^ay miVi'tii sua cdng Innh cdng cflng d x i , phuong i i 59^1%. ly if ngudi tri ldi cho bidl CO iham gia ddng gdp y kicn bung q u i tnnh Ihl^l ke dc moi'm Bita cdng trmh l i 34.0l''/n"l; linh Irgng "vi p h ^ n g u y ^ lie t i p imng dan chu, ddc doin, gia tnrdng. diilu d i n chii lrong chi dao. dieu hinh''^"! van con dien ra,
Hon Id. d khia rarrh rdng khiii, minh bach ihong iin. tit b i o cio hi^u q u i quan uj va hanh chinh cdng cap tinh cd the Ihay. sd dilm dal duflc d phuong difn nay cung chua cao, dilm ma c i nude dgt duflc dao dpng liE 4 55 dlnSdi^nVIOdilm Ciing dieo b i o cao PAPI n i m 2 0 | S , t y l d n ^ f l i ITS Idl cho bid!
lhii.chi ngan sach cua xi/phuong duflC cdng bo edng khai li 40,98%. ly Ip ngirdi Ua ldi cbo bid da timg dflc bang ihong ke ihu clii ngin sach la Z7,(ji^4i; ly If ngucn U i ldi dupc b i ^ vd quy hoach. k l hoach sir dung d i i hidn thdi ciia dia phuong l i LS,19%, t^ 1$ ngydi lei loi cho hill hfl cd dip gep y kicn cho quy Iioach, k l hoaeh s'it dung dit eiia dpi phuong l i 5,44%.
,'Vjim Id. d phfjng di^n iinh ddp ung cin CQHC nha nude \ a can bd. cdng chyc.
ben cgnh mdi so mi diem lhi • ^ i n edn nid|
bfl phgn cin bfl, cdng chirc quan Lieu, va ""
quan chung, khdng sau sal co sa. ihieu Mtm tra. ddn d^'it, khdng nim chic nnh hinh dia phirong, CO quan. don v^ minh; ihd 0- ^'<>
cam, rhfcu Irach nhifni injnjc nhimg kho khan, b j c >:uc v i ddi hoi chmh daEig cua nhin dan". Han c h l trong linh dap un^ ';U9 HCNN Ihl hifn rd d vipc giii q u y l ' ^"^^
ngi. Id cio cua edng dan va id cliiii- Bao c i o PAPI nam 2 0 1 ^ eho ihay, cd 25,^% ly j § ngirdi dityc hdi cho ring, hfl d i gin khuyen nghj, lo c i o . Id giac, khieu nai ldi ebinh q u y ^ . bong dd chl cd 2i.S9"/u 5^ ngufifj duye hfli cho ring, co quan ehinh quy^n co sd d i Iri 1^1 dioa dang ddi vdi c i c Khuyin n ^ i , td cio, lo giac, khicu nji cua by"''',
Sdu la. IT phtrctng di^" phdp quyen. bin canh infli sfl uu diem lhi van cdn mdt sfl bgn che, nhit ky e u n n g ky luil chua nghiemj hipn hipng khdng d i m b i o linh ha'p p h i p Uong vipc ban hanh c i c quyel d[nh van cfln nhilu, t h ^ chl cd chieu hudng gia lang.
B i o eao cua Bd Tu phip cho ihiy. uong nira 2017, qua kicm na da phal hicn 5,6^9 vin ban u i i phap lugti^l
Bdy Sd. lit khia csnh linh irdch nhi&n.
ben c^nh nhung inj dicm, v ^ edn hipn luflng cd f l i m bai c i c quy dinh ciia phap luit; "tinh irgng suy (hoai v l lu ludng chinb tri, dan due, loi song eiia mdi bfl phgn klidng nhd c i r bf. dang vicn chua hi day liu, ed mgl, cdbfl phin cdn dicn bien tmh vi, phiic Igp hon, diam nhiing. lang phi. lieu eye van edn nghiem trong^ l^p i m n g vao sd d i n g vien cdchiic vn Uong bd may nha nude'W
Tdmld. lit khia canh linh hieu qud, ohm Chung td ehiic bfl miy ciia HCNN vin ci\n
5 Buc cau hicu qua quan O l ' i hanli ch'-nh L^L^ t j p [iiih nam 20 ] 3, hiiT'''p Jj^i.org vivlHC-cao-i ,L-du.Ln;u-p3p|
fc Dang Cgng ian V i ^ S JUL, N ^ qu>cl rioi nghi Tiun^ infe * Uiii ^'1, HiN^i, ?QI6.
~ Biu Ei^ hip"'pi^H'i^bivn hanh chinh cone fip Dnh ndin?Ol^bnp,^'pjpiiire.^TLTBi>iJ.^va-du-lii:ij^
i Bao Din Iri dien bi, hl[p^.'''danl/i curn v:i 'fl-hoi.phal-hien-hiiii-^bOO.
0 Dfinp Cpn? ian Vif I Nam. N^fl ^jvtfi IIL^I nghi Tmng uen ^ •Hihoa XII. 201ft, I h iNflriilH <ini •-'
' * L A P P H A P .'' SABfaQB|.I4'7Q3C
cdng kinii, nhilu diu mfli, biloE I^P '-'c chitc nfing, nhifm vy. iiidd inh hudng khdng tdi den hieu qui Ihyc thi chinh sach; nang suit, chal luyng vi hi^u qui lim vipc ciia dpi ngu cin hfl, cdng chuc nhin chung cdn chua Cao do nhicu nguyen nhan khic nhau, Uong dd nguyen nhin quan Uong li cdng tic can by
>i quin ly cdng ehiic cdn nhidu hii cdp: quan m difn lir hifu qui chua cao. Theo bio cid PAPI nam 2013, dilm sfl vd hidu qua quan ui difn m <• nude ta con rai Ihap, dad ddng lir 1,93-4,24 didm' I *t didm. Ty Ip ngudi sii dyng cdng ihdng im d i ^ ill cii4 chhih quyf n khi Uiyc hi^n ihu luc hanh chinh nhu xui chiing Ihyc, xie nh^, xin eip phep i^iy dyn^, xm cap giay chimg nhgn quyen sii dung dal edn rai diap, dao d^ng tir 1% din 4%'"^'.
Chin Id. lif khia cipih liim chinh, n4c du cdng cuflc phdng, ching iham iihUng dal dtryc nhidu kei qui quan ttpng, song linh irang iham nhung Uong khu vyc cdng van con nghidm Uong vi diin biln phirc lap. Bio Cio PAPE nfim 2018 cho diay, "di^m chi so npi dung kiem soil iham nhdng lrong khu vyc cdng dgt trdn mue irung binh, vdi mite didm cap (inh ilao dpng hi 5.^1 dcn 7,61 dicm (Uen ihang diem tir I den 10).
3. M^l tn giai phap day m^nb cai cich hinh chmh cdng theo tinh than iiy dyng chinh phii hlln tan n-M^l N'am hi^n nay
Thit nhdl, Ihay dot lit duy. quan rriem lit
"Idv chinh phit, CQHC nhd nuoc Idm irung idtn" sung "lay nhdn ddn ldm Irang ldm"
Cd nghia li lim cho radi CQHC vi doi nei"
ein bfl, cdng chire lliay rd Uaeli nhipm vasu mpnh ciia minh li bio dim vi ihtic diy quyen con nguoi, quyen edng dan, nhgn Ihiic ro "vifc hoaeh dinh vi ihyc thi mfll phirong ehtm, chinh <ach vi lal ca cdng viec deu phai den lii nhan din, deu phai vi loi ich ciia nhin din"; 'loin lim t o ^ y phuc vu nhin
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT diiJ lliuc hifn lol, duy bi idl, pliat uiln l^l Ifli ich cin bin nhat cua nhin dan, liy vifc nhan din img hd hay khflng ung hp, Lin ihanh hay khflng lin Chicih, vui hay khdng vui, dflng y hay khdng ddng y. hai long hay khdng bii Idng lam lieu chuan eo bin de danh gia lit ca cdng viec"
Thtr hai, lir chd nhdn mgnh cai iri vd kiem sodi xa h^i ih&i quan ni^m iniy^n thong sangnhan mqnh vieclhuc ddy st^ ihay doi vd kien liju phdi Inen cita HCNN Kiera soil chit did la mdi vin dl duoc ini liSn Uong md hinb hanh ebinh cdng uuydn didng Tfr v i ^ nhin manh kiem mtii chil chfi ndn CQHC rll de can diicp iryc lifip vi did bao vio ho^l dflng eua doanh nghiep vi xi hdi- Hi dd din dcn nhicu lieu cyc, inmg dd cd if quan lidu, hach djch vi iham nhimg. Dd diie diy phal men. Ihyc thi cong vii cda HCNN vi cin b^.
cdng chuc phai coi lrong hon I'ifc diyc hidn vai ud quan ly si,{ ihay doi vi kiln lao phal uien ihdng qua cic khia cgnh. nhu' (i) lim cho toan sa hoi thay duoc nhu ciu, ydu c5u biic Ihiel ciia doi mdi va pbil Iridn d Vipl Nam, lim eho loin xa hfli (hiy dupc phdi Iridn li guy lu^i sal d Vi$t Nam, li ydu ciu CO ban dl giii quyet lit ci cic vin dlciia Vi^
•Nam; (li) hoach dinh ihc chd, chinh sich phu hiip dl dmli hudng, dnic diy vs Uiay ddi vi phii Iridn; (iii}xiy dyng khung khd ihl chl phu hcrp vdi kinh tc ih] tnjdng vi hdi nhJp qudc tf; (iv) cung iing d|ch vy cdng eo bin cho ngmii din va x^ hfli. Uong dfl cfl djch vij ve ±u tuc hinh chinh edng,
Thif ba, chuyen lu mo hinh qudn iri nhan monk vai iro d^ l6n ctia HCfjiN sang mfl hinh qudn ni cd su hpp ldc, phoi hi^p C'%
hieu qud giira ITCNN vdi doanh nghiep (thi ii-icring) vd xdhoi {cdc dodn ihd xd h^i vd nguifi ddn) lrong qudn In quoc gia va cung jpE^dJfJriicdfl^, Thyc hifn "mai^lui^ quin Iri" vdi su plidi hop. hop lac ed hipu qui giiia
10 San cao hi^u qua qtian m va hanh chinh frtiL^ tip llnh nJra 201B. hllp'''papi.o[^.>D''bflij-tao.va-du-]icii-papi.
HamtH ecu I 1E sfia-B)-f^/?QH\ L A P P H A P I ^ ' '
NUOC VA PHAP LUAT ba khu vyc nha nUOc - di| trudng i a x J bpi chang nhung gop phin hgn che "sy ihil bai cua ih| budng", "sy ihal bgi cuanhJnude"^a
•'^y that bai ciia xa hyi", ma edn cd lyi eho Vbfc giai phdng vi huy dflng sue mgnh eiid l4>anxihpi laoquanui qudc gia vi phit trien.
Do dd, d Vict Nam hicn nay, cin eoi inyn^ ddi men lu duy, dfli miii ly luin va ddi moa Ihe che nhim "xac dmh rd va ihyc hifn dling vj m.
vai crd, chiic nang vi mdi quan he ^ua Nha ninTc, fh| lEf jdng vi xi hdi phu hop vfll kmb ll Ihl Iruong'''"'theo linh ihan H^i nghi Irung uong 5 khda Xll Tudirih hudng nay, ein quan lam mdi sd van dc cni Idi lau diy,
|i) chuyen dfli chirc ning cua HCNN iha- hudng HCNN chl Ihyc hifn chitc nang ihat cin tliilt, (ii) khic phyc linliugng Fam sai chirc ning ciia CQHC nha mrdc. chuyen HCNN ni nhan mgnh ehiic nang "cheo thuyen" sang chire nang "Lii lhuyen'^{iii) nhan mgnh ddn^
mile vai bd ciia cu chl ih| imong irong huy dyng vi phSn bd cd hifu qui cac ngudn lyc phii iridn, iheo hudn^ "lim eho du inrdng gi ir vai ud mang llnh quyet dinh lrong huy ddng va phan bd cd hipu qua eac ngumi lyc phal tiicn"^ diyc hipn xa hdi hda toidade phal huy hDt ngudn lye trong dan, bong doanh nghipp dc phiil irien kmh lc - xii hyi , (iv) phii huy ah.y_ dil vai Ud. chdc nang ciia M^i triin Td quflc. cic doin Ihl nhin din v i cue td chiic s i hfli Uong quan bi quae gia ciing nbu quin tri dja phuong Uen co sd ddi nidi pliuo^ig diuc hoqit dpng ciia cic id chiic niy, eiing nhu lao lip CO che phap ly dc cic id chiic nay hoal dpng hifu qua Uong bdi cinh mdi,
7'lrti lu. lu •-hd nhdn manh i^p ining q\iycn it^c d Irung uifng \a cap irin sang Uao quyin dd miic cho dia phuung vd cdp dui'ii Iren cns&ddm bdo Ludinh hudng vd I'lii/ng ddn i.iiti Trung inmg vd cap Iren Thyc lc cho diiy, quydn lye lap Uung nhieu d cip Uen khdng nhihig de dan den hifn lupng ' chay" vi "*Lin - cho", mi cfln khdng
cd lyi cho vifc phal huy linh chu dpn^, sane igo ciia cip dudi. ding nhu hg n che ning i"^
"quyel sach cgn diira" eiia cap duoi. I*" ^^ • Uen CO so dim bio sy dmh huong cus ^^P ircn, can phan cap, phin quyen ina"'! '"y hop ly Cho dia phuong va cap dinyi iheo lmh Ihan Nghj quyel Tnmg irim^ d khfla XH vC Hiy dyng ifl ehiic bO may cda he dn'mg chhih 0*1 lmh gyn, bogl dflng hifu lye, hid" l"^-
TJiii nam. chuyin lir md hinh UO-JN con mang sac thdf "khep kin" sang nio hinh HCNN '•md". Tinh cdng khai, fmh ehia sd, llnh hflp tic, linh lich hyp, linh ddi mfl'i li nhCrng lmh chal co bin eiia "Chinh phn mO hay "J rCNN mfl-". Cdi ldi Ciia chmh phii md va HCNN md li Ihyc h i ^ ill cons ^^hai, minli hach Ihdng lin: dim bao lot sy tham gia ciia ngyfli din va coi Iryng vipc thyc hifn ly quin xi hfli. E>e HCNN cd du nang lyc ein thill, ni dd Ihuc hicn chile ning kiln lao phat Iridn c^n: (i) thyc hipn Idl cflng khaj>
mmb b^ch Ihflng lin; (ii) diyc hicn lol hogt dpng ddi tho^i, phin bifn vi lu vin chinh sach, nliat la phat huy vai bd ciia cie "ihink lank" Uong lu van chinh sichj (iii) Ihyc h i ^ Idt quy chl din chii d co ^ ; (iv) ind rdng ly quin >:i hdi; (v) Ihuc hi^n ldi "bin cu din ehu"; "quyit sich din chii": "quin 1^ din chu", "glim sit din chu",
Thu sdu, Idn^ cunng xdy dung "hinh chinh phdp quyen"; "Hinh chfnh phip quyen" li Ibuil ngif d^ chi ^y chl udc vi kilm soal that %u vi cd hifu qua eiia phip luat doi vdi su ''dn hanh ciia quyen lyc hinh chinh, cung nhy hinh VI. vidc lim eua cic 15 chirc va ei nhan iroiig sa hfli "Hinh chinh phip quyen" dac bift nhan manh sy che udc eiia phip luftl dfli vdi quyen luc hanh chinh fquyen lye cnng) nhan mgnh viec sii dyng ihl che phip Iugl de "quan c|uyen lyc"
"quan ngudi" va "quan vipc". De ling cudng xiy dyng hanh chinh phip quyen cln: fi)
i : Bau cm hirt ^fin quaam v i hanJiihlnh f^in^nap lmh liilm JQl8. hup ^'pflpi.oib ''A'l™iin^ju-viJu.l|[j.
I C H a H l l H C O U • ' " L A P P H A P _ . ' M S | i l B ) - T 4 . ? K D
NHA M/OC VA PHAP LUAT hinh (hinh br duy phip quy^ bong dpi ngfl
cin bd, cdng chiic vi loin sa lidij (ii) xay dyng. hitan thicn phip hi^i nham cd he diong
"phap luii id(", d^ ni do "cd phip lyit lot dl lam cin cu vi dilu ehlnh"^ (in) Ulrg cufliig kiem lra, Ihanh lra vi giam sat hong be diong hanh chinh, cUng nhu sy ki(:ra Ua, giim sit cua co quan 1^ pliap. co quan Eu phap, cua Ding cim quydn. Mil Frin l £ quoc, cttc doin did nhin din. cic t& chiic xi h^i, bio chi vi ngUdl din dfli v<'li '^u van hinh ciia quyen lye hinh chinh ciing nhu hogi dfli^ ciia eic CQHC vi dpi ngu ein bp, cdng chuej (iv) buy oiiu vi xii Ly nghiem minh ihco phip lugt doi vdi nhlri^ ngirdi cd hanh vi vi pham phip Iugl, bal ke ngudi dd la ai, dll la duong chi^ hay da nghi huu iheo phirong chim "klidng ed dje quyin, khdng cd vimg cam va khdng cd ngoai If"
Thif bdy, cdi each Id chdc hp mdy HCNN link gpn, hoal d^ng hiia lire, hi?u qud Ihffi Hnh than Nghi quyet Trung irang 6 khda xa. Bd ning cao hicu qui thye lhi ehinh sach vi n i i ^ cao chat hrpng phyc vy nguM dan, can thyc bi^n lot vipc ddi mdi lo chiK b$ miy ciig hp thdng chinh Ui ndi chung. Id chitc b^ may ciia HCNN ndi rieng iheo hirong lmh gpn. hoi^t dyng hi|u lyc.
hid" l u i nhu Nghj quyel Hpi nghj Tiung uong 6 khda XU da dc ta, Theo dd ean quan tim; (i) nhin mgnh vif c doi mdi td chuc bp miy cua HCNN dong ihdi vdi d^i mdi id chic bp may ciia co quan dan cu, eo quan Ding, Mgl ir^n To quoc vi cic doin thi nhan dan, hpp nhil mfll sd co quan Ding vi HCNN cd sy tirong ddng vichilc iil^ng; (n) thilt Iflp xtt chue b^ miy ciia HC^N Uieo mfl hinh i^Q qtian "qyin 1^ da nginh, da linh vye" d lal ci cic cip lir Tmng uimg den dia phuong- (lil) ling ciiflng xiy d^rag Tnmg lim hinh ehinh cdng cac cap nham giii quyci ihii liic hinh chinh ihco hudng licb hyp, ihugn li^n v'a bi^u qua cho ngudi dan
Thii ldm, ndng cao chu! luung cdn bo- cdngi'huc Iren i.ii.'-dli^p mc doi mdi cong
lui- cun bp vd che do cdng chdc. kiim sodi quyin It/Tc Irong cdng ldc i^dnbp. chong chify chdc. chay ^uyQn. Dfl say dyng myt CPKT phii trien, can phii nang cao chat lucmg dfli ngjk cin bd Ircn eo sd doi moi cflng lie C4D bp Ihco tinh than Nghi quyll Trunu mmg 7 khda Xn. Theo dd. cin ddi mdi til ci cic khau uong cdng tic cin bd vi chf dp cong chire, thyc hifn chf d& "md" thgt sy bong fhi tuyfn vi tuytn dyi^ cdng chiici ddi mdi cdng tac dinh gii cdng chiie va k|p ihdi sing lye, cho ra khdi bd may hanh chinh nhiing can bp, cdng chuc yen vc nang lyc. ktm VE phim chat, Dac bill, can coi trong vi^c kiem soil quyen lyc trong cdng lac can ho^ cliing chay chiic. chay quyin flieo Quyit dinh 205 cua fid Chmh lr[.
Thu lam, idng cudng ung dung cdng nghi Ihong tin iiong hoal d-'mg e^a cdc CQHC. nang rao hieu qud qudn Iri di&n id cua cdc CQHC. Vide img dung cflng ngh^
thdng lin Uong bo^I dyng cia cic CQHC.
nang cao hicu qui quin iri didn liicd^ nghia ve nhicu mal. ETicu niy khflng chi nSng eao hipu qui hinh chinb, ning cao ilnh dip &ng ciia CQHC, eung nhu ning cao ch^l luyng phyc vy nhin dani mi edn tie dyng dam bao lot hon quyen liep cSn Uidng lin ciia ngudi dan vi ihyc hipn "USa ehil d i ^ hi", "din ehii iLtxa", CQHCnha nmic d Trung uong vad|a phuong can ihdng qua nhidu giii phap nham ning cao hipu qui quin bi dipn lu, nhal li eoi Uong diu lu phit iriln chinh phii dipn Kr d c i p CQ sd, lang ciiung dio tao. boi dudng vl cdng nghe ihdng tin cho ci can bfl, cdng chi!fc va ngirdi dan,
Tliu chin, ddy m^h cong ldc phiing.
chong iham nhdng: Idng cirdng xdy dung ^at dire cdng vf. Tham nhung anh hudng ngbifm Uong doi vdi vide ihuc hiln mpl CPKT phii Iriln Do dd. can xic dinh phirong cham
"khdng niuAn iham nhUng, khdng can iham nhiing, khflng die iham nhimg va khdng dam ihgm nhiing" dd ning eao hifu qui c6ng tac phdng, chdng Iham nhiing. cin li^ng cudng
SiB|4(i6jxTir?D?ti ^ L A P P H A P "
NUOC VA PHAP lUAT say dung dao due cdng \y eho ddi ngu cin bfl, cdng chyc: can ihdng qua cdng lac giao dye, id chuc. liinh chinh. kicm It^, ^iim ^ i
^ing lpc va \it ly nham hgn che idi da cac hien tupng phan vin hoa chinh ui phan dao ddc nflig vy Uong cic CQHC vi IrOdg dyi ngii can bj, Cnng chuc, cung nhu lam cho Q^
gia bi, chuin muc cuadjo due cdng vu nhu phyc vy nhan din lpi ich cdng, nach nhipm cdng: cdng khai, minh bach; dan chu; *u dung hyp ly, hifu qui ngudn lye cflng ihira sau va lan loa vio cie quan hf vi hoai dpng cdng vy ciia cic CQHC -.a dpi ngii cflng chuc, til dfl gnp phin ihyc hipn mdt CPKT, hinh dflng, lidm chmh
Thu mudi. idng cudng ddnh gia ehinh pl'u -\-d HCMN Iheo cdc neu thi vdnoidung ci/a "qadn Irr idl ' NliiT di ndi d hen, mdt CPKT. vl ban chit dd la mpl chinh phu
"quan ui lot" Quin lr| ciia chinh phii dupc xcni la quin Uj lot khi thuc hifn Idl cac yeu ciu nhu, (i) iiy nhin din lam bnng lam; (ii) cdng khai, minh bgch. (iii) co sy iham gia
hidu qui eiia ngudi din; (lO hicu qui; i ' | linh phap quydn; (vi) tinh uich nhid"i' ''''' cdng bing xa hpi)'(vu) lidm chinh,,. Dc i''\'^
diy chinh phii va CQHC nhi nuoL dam bau Ihyc hifn Idt cic ndi dung^i (n^u •:^' "^"
Irong quin Uicin tang cirdny dinh gia 1"^"
Hi chinli phu, dinh gii quin ui di;i phuang o cic khia cgnh ndu irdn. Ihc* dd, dinh ky hing nim can iieo hinh dinh gii va xep hgng quin Xij chmh phu vi quin ui dia phuong Ircn mpl so nyi dung saU' {.') chil luflng djch vy cDng> (il) mdc dp tdng khal>
mmb b^h; {iii) ^y iham gia ciia ngu^'i din;
(iv) mdc dfl man Ihd phip lugl iTong tbyc [hi cdng vy; (v) lmh cdng hing trong ihye fhi cflng vy; (vi) llnh dip img lrong ihyc thi cflng vy; {Vli) luih hifu quii (viii) kiem soil ihain nliiing; (ix) llnh hipu qui cua quin bj difn ni; (s) miic dp phin cap, phin quyin cho c&p dudi'"'. Dieu niy se gdp phin ihue day vjf c cii each, doi mdi HCNN theo md hinh quin lr| ifll, tir dfl gdp phan say dyng CPKT d Vipt Nam hicn nuy •
Tii Lifu thaoi khao
1. Bio cio hicu qui quin iri vi hanh chinh c ^ c S p llnh nim 2016, btlp;'/papi,otg,vn/baQ- cao-va-du-lieu-papi,
2. Hao Din Ul difn nr; hllp^'^/dantn.com vn/sa-hoJ/phal-hien-hoo-SdOO.
i. Nguyen Trpng Binh (2019). Hdnh chinh cong vd qudn irt i-dng - mdi sd van del^ ludn i-d dure liin Nsb Chinh ui quoc gia Sy ihgl.
4 f^piy6nTi:!!ng'Q]iibi2(\i'i).,^Tdngi-ifd'ig ldy dung dao dire cdng Vli d ntrdc la hi^nay'\
T^pchi Ly luin Chinh lii, bfl 5,
5 Nguyen Trpng Binh (20IS), ^'M^lso van de lylugn ve dank gid qudn Iri cdng". Tap c|il Td chiic Nhi nude, sd 10.
(• Nguvdn Trong Binh (2019), "Cai tjzcft vd chuydn ddi md hinh qudn iri chinh phd d Trang Quik- Inmg qud Irinh edi t-dch. md cda". Tap Chl Ngluln CUU Tiung Qudc, sd 7.
?, Ding Cpng sin Viel Nam, ydn bin Dijihoii>(ii bieu loan qudc Idn ihd VIII. Hxh.ChiOii Ul qudc gia. Hi Ngi
H Dang Cpng san \'itl Nam, A'^^N quiii Ndi nghi Imng irang 4 khira XII, Ha Nfj^ 2016
i: \^Lr.?nTni[ieBinhl2DiSi.Moli4vina!: iy iLJnvedanh ei^fpian n*i*t' TjpchiTc LIUL Nliam,^
18
HdriitH ciro •LAP PHAP ^OBt'ieBi-rd^tiZD
