XAY D M KHU MAU p M ASEAN • THIMG QUOC:
ODA TRiNH v i NHSNG m QUA WKK UV
PGS.TS. NGUYEN THU MY Vien Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A
QI:
'gay 1-1-2010, Khu mau dich t u do ASEAN - Trung Qudc• da dUdc xay dflng xong tai cac nfldc t h a n h vien ban dau cua ASEAN (ASEAN 6). Viec xay dflng t h a n h cdng ACFTA da gdp p h a n thfle day quan he
mau dich va dau tU gifla hai ben va tad t h u a n ldi cho sfl p h a t trien hdn nfla quan he ASEAN - T r u n g Qudc d nhflng linh vUc khac n h a u trong nhflng nam sap tdi.
Tuy nhien, hien nay d mot vai nfldc ASEAN 6, da va dang xua't hien mot so' quan diem khdng cd ldi cho viec xay dflng ACFTA d cac nfldc ASEAN 4 (Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia va Mianma) cflng n h u cho quan he ASEAN- T r u n g Qudc<».
Trong bdi c i n h nhU vay, viec nhin lai qua trinh xay dflng ACFTA va ldm ro nhiing loi ich md no dd dUa lgi cho cac nen kinh te' ASEAN la mot ddi hdi thfle tien cap bach dang dat ra cho gidi nghien cflu qud'c te' ndi chung, gidi nghien cflu ve Trung Qud'c va Ddng Nam A cua Viet Nam ndi rieng.
Bai viet nay la mdt ed' gang n h a m gdp p h i n dap flng ddi hdi cap bach tren.
1. Muc dich xay dung Khu mau dich tir do ASEAN - Trung Qudc
Sang kien t h a n h lap mot Khu mau dich tfl do gifla T r u n g Qud'c va ASEAN dflde Thfl tudng T r u n g Qud'c Iflc dd la dng Chu Dung Cd dfla ra tai Hdi nghi Thfldng dinh ASEAN - T r u n g Qud'c l i n thfl tU td chflc vao t h a n g 11-2000 tai Xingapo. Ddng cd thfle day Thu tUdng Chu D u n g Cd dfla ra sang kien nay la mong mudn cua Trung Qudc lam yen long cac nfldc ASEAN, vdn dang lo ngai ve nhflng tac ddng cd the tfl viee Trung Qude s i p gia n h a p Td chflc TbUdng m a i the gidi*^' dd'i vdi sU p h a t trien kinh te cfla hg va thfle day quan he kinh te'gifla hai ben.
Sang kien t r e n da n h a n dUdc p h a n flng tich cflc tfl phia cac nUdc ASEAN. Bdi vi, vdi viec t h a n h lap ACFTA, ASEAN hy vgng cd the quan ly dUdc sU t h a m n h a p cfla h a n g hoa T r u n g Qudc vao thi trudng
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NGHIEN ClJfU TRUNG QUOC so 10(110) - 2010' K l f f l
Xay dung Khu mau djch tudo ASEAN - Trung Quoc.
cac qudc gia t h a n h vien va chia se nhflng ldi ich tfl sfl p h a t trien n h u vu bao cfla nen kmh te Trung Qud'c''*. Ve phUdng dien chinh tri, viec xay dUng ACFTA se giflp tao y thfle ve cgng ddng gifla ASEAN va Trung Qud'c, ddng gdp vao boa binh va dn dinh d khu vUc chau A -Thai Binh Dudng.
Ngoai ra, viec xay dung khu mau dich tu do nay cdn n h a m gdp phan hien thuc hoa y tUdng ve mot Khu mau dich tU do Ddng A do Nhdm Tam nhin Ddng A (EAVG) va Nhdm nghien cflu Ddng A (EASG) de xua't va dUdc Hoi nghi ThUdng dinh ASEAN -I- 3 hgp d Phnompenh thang 11/2002 thong qua'".
2. Tinh hinh trien khai xay dung ACFTA 2.1. Tao lap cdc cdng cu phdp ly de xdy dung ACFTA
a. Hiep dinh khung ue hdp tdc kinh te todn dien ASEAN- Trung Quoc
De' hien thfle boa ACFTA, tai Hgi nghi cap cao ASEAN- Trung Qud'c d Campuchia ngay 4-11-2002, cac nha lanh dao cac nha nude thanh vien ASEAN va Trung Qudc da ky Hiep dinh khung ve hdp tac kinh tc toan dien gifla hai ben. Muc dicb cua Hiep dinh la:
- Tang cUdng va nang cao hdp tac kinh te, mau dich va dau tU gifla cac ben;
- Tu do boa dan dan va thfle d i y nniu dich trong bang boa va dich vu, tao ra dinh che d i u tU t h u a n ldi, tU do va rninb bach;
- Tham dd cac linii vUc mdi va t n e n khai cac bien phap thicb hdp cho sfl hdp tac kinh te chat che bdn gifla cac ben;
- Tao tiiuan ldi cho sfl bdi nhap hieu qua hdn cfla cac nha nfldc t h a n h vien mdi
cfla ASEAN va giam bdt khoang each phat trien gifla cac ben.
Trong Hiep dinh khung tren, ASEAN va Trung Qudc thoa thuan khan trUdng thUdng lUdng de thiet lap ACFTA trong vdng 10 nam dd'i vdi 6 nUdc thanh vien cfl (ASEAN 6) va 15 nam dd'i vdi cac thanh vien mdi (ASEAN 4) thdng qua cac bien phap nhU: Loai bd dan cac hang rao thue quan va phi thue quan trong budn ban bang hoa; tU do boa dan thUdng mai dicli vu trong cac Hnh vUc quan trong; thiet lap mot dinh che dau tu cd tinh canh tranh va rong md de tao thuan ldi va thfle day dau tU ben trong Khu mau dich tU do ASEAN -Trung Qud'c; thuc hien dd'i xfl dac biet va cd phan biet, mem deo ddi vdi cac nha nUdc thanh vien mdi cfla ASEAN; trong cac cuoc thUdng lUdng ve ACFTA, c6 sfl mem deo ddi vdi cac ben kbi de cap tdi nhflng linli vUc nhay cam trong linb vUc hang lioa, dicb vu va dau tU; thUdng lUdng va thoa thuan vdi mpt sfl mem deo, dat tren cd sd cd di cd lai va cflng cd ldi...
Nham xflc tien ngay viec xay dflng ACFTA, ASEAN va Trung Qud'c da thoa thuan thUc bien mpt ChUdng trinh thu hoach sdm (Early Harvest Programme- EHP):
EHP dUdc de ra ngay trong Hiep dinh khung nham cung cap mpt cdng cu phap ly de trien khai ngay ACFTA. Cac san pham dUdc dUa vao EHP bao gdm: Gia sfle sd'ng; thit va phfl tang gia sfle; ca; cac san p h i m sfla; cac san pham gia sfle khac; cay gid'ng; rau an; cac loai qua va bat an dUdc.
Tat ca cac mat hang tren deu la cac san pham nong nghiep. Tdng so' mat hang dUdc dUa vao EHP len tdi 500 mat hang.
Cac san pham nam trong dien cua EHP se dUdc phan tlianh '.I loai de giam va loai
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC s d 10(110) - 2010
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bd t h u e theo thdi gian bieu da dUdc thoa t h u a n .
Loqi1 :
Dd'i vdi T r u n g Qudc va ASEAN 6, loai nay bao gdm t a t ca cac san pham cd ap dung mflc thue' Td'i hue qudc (MEN) cao hdn 15%.
Dd'i vdi cac t h a n h vien cfla ASEAN mdi, loai nay gdm t a t ca cac san p h a m dang cd mflc t h u e MEN cao hdn 30%.
Loqi2 :
Dd'i vdi Trung Qud'c va ASEAN 6, loai nay bao gdm tat ca cac san pham dang ap dung mflc thue MEN d gifla 5 % va 15%.
Dd'i vdi cac t h a n h vien mdi cua ASEAN, loai nay gdm t a t ca cac san pham dang cd mflc thue MEN d gifla 15% va 30%.
Loqi 3
Ddi vdi Trung Qudc va ASEAN 6, loai nay bao gdm t a t ca cac san pham cd ap dung mflc t h u e MEN t h a p hdn 5%.
Dd'i vdi cac nfldc ASEAN 4, loai nay gdm t a t ca cac san p h a m dang cd mflc t h u d MEN t h a p hdn 15 %.
E H P se dflde thfle hien khdng cham hdn 1/1/2004 va ket thfle khdng cham hdn ngay 1/1/2006 dd'i vdi ASEAN 6 va Trung Qud'c;
khdng cham hdn 1/1/2010 dd'i vdi cae nUdc t h a n h vien mdi cfla ASEAN.
b. Hiep dinh Mdu dich hdng hda
Cac san p h i m khdng thudc dien cfla E H P se dUdc dUa vao hai chUdng trinh:
ChUdng t r i n h binh tbUdng va ChUdng trinh nhay cam dflde quy dinh trong "Hiep dinh Mau dich ve h a n g hda "ky tai Hgi nghi thfldng dinh ASEAN - T r u n g Qud'c l i n thfl 8 td chflc tai Vien Chan ngay 28/11/2004.
Doi vdi Chuong trinh cdt gidm binh thudng: Cac ddng thue dUdc mdi ben dfla vao Chfldng trinh cat giam binh thUdng theo sfl thoa t h u a n chung, se dUdc giam dan va loai theo Id t r i n h sau:
BANG1: LO TRINH CAT GIAM THUE THEO CHLfONG TRINH BINH THJONG CUA TRUNG QUOC VA ASEAN 6
>20
< 20%, nht/ng>15%
< 15% nhflng > 10%
< 10% nhung >5%
<5%
Mtrc thue uu dai AC FTA
( khdng muon hon ngay 1 thang 1 hang nann) 2005*
20 15 10 5 De nguyen
2007 12
8 8 5 Oe nguy&n
2009 5 5 5 0 0
2010 0 0 0 0 0 B i t d i u thfle hien tfl 1-7-2005
Nguon: Index 1. Framework Agreement on the Comprehensive Economic Co-operation between the Association of Southeast Asians Nations and the Poeple's Republic of China". Co the truy cap van kiin ndy trin Website : http: 11www.aseansec.org
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NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 10(110) - 2010Xay dung Khu mau dich tudo ASEAN - Trung Qud'c...
Bang 1: LO TRJNH CAT GIAM THUE THEO CHUONG TRJNH BINH THUONG CUA VIET NAM MUc thue'MFN
dang ap dung
> 60%
< 60% nhung > 45%
< 45% nhung > 35%
< 35% nhung > 30%
< 30 nhung > 25%
< 25 % nhu-ng > 20%
< 20% nhu-ng > 15%
< 15% nhu-ng > 10%
< 10% nhu-ng > 7%
< 7 nhu-ng > 5%
< 5%
MUc thue UU dai ACFTA
(khong muon han ngay 1 thang 1 hang nam)
2005*
60 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 7 5
2006 50 35 30 25 20 20 15 10 7 5
2007 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 10 7 5
2008 30 30 25 20 15 15 10 10 7 5
2009 25 25 20 17 15 15 10 8 5 5
2011 15 15 15 10 10 10 5 5 5 5
2013 10 10 5 5 5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 Oe nguyen
2015 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B i t dau thfle hien tfl 1-7-2005
Bang 4: LO TRiNH CAT GIAM THUE THEO CHUONG TRINH BINH THUONG CUA LAO, CAMPUCHIA VA MYANMA
MUc thue'MFN dang ap dung
> 60%
< 60% nhu-ng > 45%
< 45% nhu-ng > 35%
< 35% nhung > 30%
< 30 nhu-ng > 25%
< 25 % nhung > 20%
< 20% nhu-ng > 15%
< 15% nhu-ng > 10%
< 10% nhu-ng > 7%
< 7 nhu-ng > 5%
< 5%
MUc thue uu dai ACFTA
[khong muon han ngay 1 thang 1 hang nam)
2005*
60 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 7 5
2006 50 35 30 25 20 20 15 10 7 5
2007 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 10 7 5
2008 30 30 25 20 15 15 10 10 7 5
2009 25 25 20 17 15 15 10 8 5 5
2011 15 15 15 10 10 10 5 5 5 5
2013 10 10 5 5 5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 Oe nguyen
2015 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B i t dau thuc hien tfl 1-7-2005
* Ngdy ddu tiin thiic hiin Id 11 712005
** Myanmar si dUOc phep duy tri ty li thui'ACFTA khdng nhiiu hOn 7,5 % cho tdi 2010 NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC sd 10(110) - 2010
43
Ddi vdi Chiicfng trinh nhay cdm:
Nhflng ddng thue dUdc mdi ben dUa vao Chfldng trinh nhay cam theo sfl t h o i thuan chung se dUde giim hoac loai bd.
So' Ifldng hang hda dfla vao Chfldng trinh nhay cam cua cac ben dUdc quy dinh nhu sau :
- Trung Qud'c vd ASEAN 6 : 400 ddng thue 0 mflc HS 6 ehfl sd (HS 6-digit level)
- Ldo, Campuchia, Mianma: 500 ddng thue d mflc HS 6 ehfl sd
- Viet Nam 500 ddng thue d mflc HS 6 ehfl so'
Cac ddng thue do cac ben dfla vao Chfldng trinh nhay cam se dflde phan loai thanh Danh muc nhay cam va Danh muc nhay cam cao.
Cac ddng thue mdi ben dUa vao Danh muc nhay cam cao dUdc quy dinh ddi vdi mdi ben la :
+ Trung Quoc vd ASEAN 6: Khdng nhieu hdn 40% tdng sd' cac ddng thue nam trong Chfldng trinh nhay cim.
+ Doi vdi Campuchia, Ldo vd Myanma: Khdng nhieu hdn 40% tdng sd' ddng thue dUa vao Chfldng trinh nhay cim.
-I- Dd'i vdi Viet Nam: se xac dinh khdng mudn hdn 31/12/2004.
Cac ben se giam, va eat mflc thue MFN (ndi nao cd the thfle hien) eac ddng thue trong Danh muc nhay c i m cua mdi ben theo Id trinh sau:
-(- Trung Qud'c vd ASEAN 6, se giim mflc thue MFN cua cae ddng thue dUa
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vao danh muc nhay cam xud'ng 20%o khdng mudn hdn 1/1/2012. Nhflng ty Ie thue nay sau dd se dUde giam xudng 0- 5% khdng mudn hdn 1/1/2018
-I- Campuchia, Ldo, Myanmar, se giim mflc thue MFN dang ap dung cua cac ddng thue dfla vao Danh mue nhay cim xud'ng 20% khdng mudn hdn 1/1/2015. Nhflng mflc thue nay sau dd se dUde giim xud'ng 0-5% khdng mudn hdn 1/1/2020.
-H Viet Nam, se giam mflc thue MFN eua cac ddng thue dfla vao Danh muc nhay cam xud'ng 20%) khdng mudn hdn 1/1/2015, Sau dd eae mflc thue nay se giam xud'ng 0-5% khdng mudn bdn ngay 1/1/2020, sau dd se dUde giam xud'ng 0- 5% khdng mudn hdn 1/1/2020,
Ve Id trinh cat giam thue ddi vdi cac hang hda tbugc Danh muc nhay cim cao, trong Phu luc 2 cua Hiep dinh mau dich ve hang hda quy dinh: Cac ben se giam mflc thue MFN cua nhflng ddng thue dUa vao Danh muc nhay cim cao xud'ng khdng qua 50% va khdng mugn hdn ngay 1/1/2015 dd'i vdi ASEAN 6 va Trung Qud'c va ngay 1/1/2018 dd'i vdi cac nfldc thanh vien mdi*^'.
Tuy nhien bat ky ben nao cung cd the ddn phfldng day manh viec cit, giim thue dd'i vdi nhflng ddng thue dUa vao Danh muc nhay cam cua hg, bat ky khi nao, neu hg mud'n. Khdng cd dieu khoin nao trong Hiep dinh nay ngan can bat ky ben nao chuyen bat ky ddng thue nao khdi Danh muc nhay cam de chuyen sang Danh mue binh thfldng, bat ky luc nac, neu hg mud'n nhu vay.
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 10(110) - 2010
Xay dung Khu mau dich tudo ASEAN - Trung Quoc.
Ben c a n h nhflng quy d i n h t r e n , trong Hiep dinh cdn cd dieu k h o i n cho phep cac ben t h a m gia ed t h e sfla ddi hoac rflt bd nhflng nhfldng bd t r o n g trfldng hdp cin thiet ( Dieu 5) .
Ngoai ra, Hiep d i n h m a u dich h a n g hoa cfla ACFTA cung cd cae quy dinh ve cac bien p h a p bao hd m a mdt nfldc thanh vien ed t h e ap d u n g khi gap khd khan ve can b a n g t h a n h t o a n ( Dieu 11) va ve cac loai h a n g boa dflde loai trfl khdi d a n h mue eat, giam t h u e ( Dieu 12 va 13) . ..
Cflng vdi viec ky Hiep d i n h m a u dich ve hang hea, tai Hdi nghi Thfldng dinh Vien Chan, hai ben cdn ky Hiep dinh ve cd che giii quyet t r a n h c h a p cua Hiep dinh k h u n g ve hdp tae k i n h te toan dien ASEAN- T r u n g Qud'c"".
Viec ky Hiep d i n h m a u dieh ve h a n g hoa, la mdt bfldc tie'n q u a n trgng t r e n con dfldng xay dflng ACFTA. Vdi viec ky Hiep dinh nay, ACFTA la hiep dinh cd thdi gian n g i n nha't (4 n a m ) t r d n g sd'307 Hiep dinh FTA hien n a y t r e n the gidi, ke tfl khi de nghi tdi khi ky dflde Hiep dinh mau dich h a n g boa va Hiep d i n h ve cd che t r a n h c h a p
c. Hiep dinh mdu dich trong dich vu (1/2007)
Hiep dinh ve m a u dich t r e n g dich vu (TIS) dUdc cac Bd t r u d n g k i n h te ASEAN va Bd trfldng Ngoai giao T r u n g Qud'c ky tai Cebu t h a n g 1/ 2007 va cd hieu Iflc tfl t h a n g 7/ 2007
Muc dich ky TIS la :
(i) P h a t trien dich vu trong khu vfle , Theo Hiep dinh nay, cac n h a cung cap dich vu se dUdc h u d n g sfl tiep can tbi trfldng t h u a n Idi hdn va dUdc hudng nhflng dd'i xfl qud'c gia trong cac linb vfle va tieu linb vfle ma d dd da cd cam ket gifla eae ben. Viee tiep can thi trfldng cua cac ben t r e n g TIS dUdc cu the hda trong Gdi thfl nha't cua ke hoach cam ket gan vdi Hiep dinh'''. TIS eung cap sfl t u do hda bao trflm len cac linb vfle/ tieu l m h vfle, dac biet la 60 tieu linb vUc do cac nfldc ASEAN, vd'n la t h a n h vien cfla GAT/WTO cam ket.
(ii) Thuc day d i u tU nhieu hdn vao k h u vfle, dac biet trong nhflng linh vfle da dflde cam ket, bae gdm: Dicb vu ve k i n h d o a n h nhfl dich vu lien q u a n tdi may t i n h va b a t ddng s i n ; dich vu xay dflng va cac dich vu lien q u a n ve ky t h u a t ; dich vu du lich va dich vu giao due; dich vu vien thdng; dich vu lien q u a n tdi y te va xa hdi; dich vu sang tao, van hda va the thao; dich vu ve mdi trUdng; dich vu ve n a n g Ifldng;
Cac vdng d a m p h a n tiep thee ve tiep can thi trfldng de cai thien thfle chat mflc dd cam ket va md rdng p h a m vi cua TIS se dflde tien b a n h t r e n g mdt n a m tdi vi Hiep dinh nay bao gdm ca viec xay dflng chflOng t r i n h nghi sfl de ky ket gdi cam ket thfl hai .
d. Hiep dinh ddu tU ASEAN- Trung Quoc
Hiep d i n h d i u tU ASEAN- T r u n g Qudc dflde ky ngay 15/8/2009. Muc dich cua Hiep dinh la :
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC s d 10(110) - 2010
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(i) Thuc day ddng d i u tfl va cac dinh ehe dau tfl tfl do, thuan ldi, minh bach va ed tinh canh tranh ve ca hai phia thdng qua:
- Tu do hda d i n cac dinh ehe dau tfl cua mdi ben;
- Tao dieu kien thuan Idi cho d i u tU cua mdi ben;
- Khuyen khich va thue day ddng dau tu va hdp tac ve cac van de lien quan den dau tfl;
- Cai thien sfl minh bach cua cac nguyen tac thuan ldi cho ddng d i u tfl gia tang;
- Cung cap sfl bao ve dau tfl.
Pham vi dau tU bao trflm dfldi Hiep dinh nay la rdng rai va bao gdm ca bat ddng s i n cd the di chuyen va khdng di chuyen dflde quyen sd hflu tri tue va eae Uu dai kinh doanh.
De thuc day d i u tU, ASEAN va Trung Qud'c da thda thuan eae bien phap sau:
- Cac hoat dgng xue tien d i u tU chung;
- Cac sU kien kinh doanh ed tinh tranh dua (matching events);
- Tga dam va gidi thieu eac cd hdi d i u tfl ;
- Ddn gian hda cac thu tuc dd'i vdi eae ddn xin kinh doanh va phe chuan;
- Khuyen khich phan phat cac thdng tin bao gdm eac nguyen tac, quy dinh, ehinh sach va thu tuc d i u tfl;
- Thiet lap cac trung tam mot cfla de eung cap cac dich vu tU van cho khu vfle kinh doanh, bao gdm tao thuan ldi cho
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eac giay phep dang boat ddng va dflde phep.
Vdi hiep dinh nay, eae nha d i u tfl tfl Trung Qud'e va ASEAN se dflde hfldng nhflng Idi ich Idn nhfl : Dd'i x i nhfl nhau dd'i vdi ca nha dau tfl ASEAN, Trung Qud'c ve dieu kien lien quan tdi quan ly, thUe hien, boat dgng, duy tri, sit dung, ban va cac hinh thfle khac ve chuyen nhUdng dau tfl; bao ve cdng bang va binh dang...
Nhfl vay, vdi viec ky 3 Hiep dinh Mau dich hang hda, Mau dich trong dieh vu va Hiep dinh d i u tfl, ASEAN va Trung Qud'c da eung cap d i y du cae cdng cu phap ly de xue tien xay dflng ACFTA.
2.2. Cdt gidm thue theo 16 trinh De xflc tien xay dflng ACFTA, thang 5/ 2002, Uy ban thfldng Ifldng mau dich ASEAN- Trung Qud'c da dflde thanh lap.
Uy ban da tien hanh nhieu phien hgp . Cac ket qua dam phan da dan tdi viec ky Cac nguyen tae ve ngudn dd'i vdi mau dieh. Vdi nhan thfle r i n g ACFTA "da trd thanh tru cdt chu chd't trong hdp tac kinh te ASEAN - T r u n g Qud'c'"^', trong Tuyen bo chung ASEAN - Trung Qudc ve Quan he dd'i tac chien Ifldc vi Hoa binh va Thinh vfldng dflde ky tai Ba-li thang 11/2003, hai ben da quyet dinh day nhanh cac eugc dam phan ve ACFTA "sao cho dam bao viec thanh lap nd mdt each trdi chay vao nam 2010 va b i n g each nay giup dd cac thanh vien mdi cua ASEAN( CLMV) tham gia mot each hieu qua vao va dUde ldi tfl ASEAN- Trung Qud'c FTA.'""'
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC sd 10(110) - 2010
Ai\^!\ wAiW iiv:i|l|;'lH IJlll
Xay dung Khu mau djch tudo ASEAN- Trung Quoc.
Thfle hien Hiep d i n h M a u dich h a n g hda, tfl t h a n g 1/1/ 2004, T r u n g Qud'c va cac nUde thudc n h d m ASEAN 6 da b a t d i u c i t giam t h u e dd'i vdi cac m a t h a n g thudc Chfldng t r i n h t h u hoach sdm.
Tdng sd' m a t h a n g thudc dien cat giam thue thee chUdng t r i n h t r e n la 570 m a t hang . Ngeai r a edn 30 m a t h a n g k h a c de cac ben t h d i t h u a n eung dUdc hfldng flu dai thue q u a n n g a y tfl d a u n a m 2004.
Ke tfl ngay 1/7/2005, hai ben b i t d i u cit g i i m t h u e dd'i vdi cac h a n g hca cd xua't xfl tfl T r u n g Qud'c va ASEAN.
Tcng sd' m a t h a n g dUde dfla vad cat giam trdng ddt nay len tdi 7.455 m a t h a n g .
De thfle d i y hdn nfla viec xay dflng ACFTA va ghi n h a n ve m a t p h a p ly cac ket qua cua ACFTA, tai Hdi nghi Thfldng dinh Cebu t h a n g 12/2006, ASEAN va T r u n g Qud'c da ky Nghi dinh thfl thfl hai de bd s u n g Hiep d i n h Hdp tac k m h te t e a n dien ASEAN- T r u n g Qud'c va Nghi d i n h thU bd s u n g Hiep dinh mau dich h a n g hda dfldi Hiep dinh khung . Hiep d i n h k h u n g n a y da bd s u n g hieu q u i p h a p ly chd Hiep dinh Phihppin- T r u n g Qud'c ve Chfldng t r i n h thu beach sdm va k e t thfle d a m p h a n Viet Nam - T r u n g Qud'c ve eac van de con tdn tai dUdi Hiep dinh ve m a u dich hang hda.
Tai Hdi nghi ThUdng d i n h ASEAN- Trung Qud'c hgp t h a n g 11-2007, hai ben da ky B i n ghi nhd (MOU) gifla Cd q u a n quan ly e h u n g ve giam s a t c h a t Ifldng, kiem tra, kiem dich (AQSIQ) cfla Cdng hoa N h a n d a n T r u n g Hoa va Cd q u a n
Kiem t r a va kiem dich ASEAN. MOU se dgn dudng che viec t a n g cfldng, thuc d i y va p h a t trien hdp tac t r e n g linh vfle kiem tra, t h a n h t r a va cac tbfl tuc da dflde phe c h u a n gifla ASEAN va T r u n g Qud'c. Nhflng nd Iflc nay se tae t h u a n ldi va t h u c day m a u dicb k h u vfle hfldng tdi viec thfle hien ACFTA hieu qua va t h a n h cdng.'""
N h a m thfle day m a u dich, d i u tU va du lich gifla hai ben, cac n h a l a n h dae ASEAN va T r u n g Qud'c da quyet dinh t h a n h lap T r u n g t a m ASEAN - T r u n g Qudc thfle day m a u dich, dau tU va du lich. Hiep dinh ve t h a n h lap T r u n g t a m . nay da dflde ky tai Hdi nghi Thfldng dinh gifla hai ben hgp t h a n g 11- 2007 tai Xingapd. T r u n g t a m se phuc vu vdi t u each la t r u n g t a m thdng tin mdt cfla de thfle day hdp tac ASEAN - T r u n g Qud'c trong m a u dich, d i u tU, du lich va giao due, van hda . Khu vfle tfl n h a n va dai dien doanh nghiep se dflde b e a n n g h e n h va dflde k h u y e n khich de t h a m gia vao cac b o a t ddng cfla T r u n g t a m .
2.2. Cdc hoqt dpng ho trp
Ngoai cac h o a t ddng tren, ASEAN va T r u n g Qudc cdn xflc tien cac boat dgng q u a n trgng sau:
a. To chUc Hgi chd ASEAN- Trung Qud'c
Cho tdi nay, 6 ky Hdi chd ASEAN- T r u n g Qud'c da dflde td chflc tai N a m Ninh. Tai Hdi chd ASEAN- T r u n g Qudc I i n thfl 6 td chflc d N a m Ninh, t h a n g
NGHIEN CUrU TRUNG QUOC s d 10(110) - 2010
47
10-2009, t d n g gia tri h a n g hda dflde giao dich da vfldt q u a 1,6 ty ddia My t a n g 3,8% so vdi hdi chd n a m 2008. T r o n g thdi gian hdi chd, 36 dfl a n hdp tac k i n h te qud'c te, vdi t d n g vd'n d a u tU d a t 6 ty 440 trieu dola My d a dUde ky ket, t a n g 1,19%
so vdi hdi chd n a m 2008. Hgi chd l i n n a y da t h u h u t hdn 2.400 d o a n h n g h i e p va k h o a n g 50 n g h i n thUdng gia. T r o n g thdi gian dien r a hdi chd cdn td ehflc 44 b o a t ddng q u a n g ba, 11 dien dan, hdn 200 q u a n chflc cap Bd trfldng da t h a m dfl cac b o a t ddng hflu q u a n .
b. To chiic Hpi nghi ThUdng dinh mdu dich vd ddu tU
Hdi nghi ThUdng d i n h k i n h d d a n h va d i u t u d a u t i e n da dUdc td ehflc d Bali t h a n g 10-2003. Cho tdi n a y da ed 5 Hdi nghi Thfldng d i n h ve m a u dieh d i u t u ASEAN- T r u n g Qud'c da dUdc td ehflc . Hdi nghi g i n day nha't dflde td chflc tai t h a n h phd' N a m N i n h , Q u a n g Tay, T r u n g Qud'c n g a y 7- 8/1/2010 de chao mflng viec thfle h i e n ACFTA.
c. Lap Quy Hpp tdc ddu tu Trung Qud'c - ASEAN
N h i m thfle day hdp tac d a u tfl gifla T r u n g Qud'c va A S E A N , n g a y 18-4-2009 tai Hdi nghi Thfldng nien n a m 2009 eua Dien d a n c h a u A Bac Ngao, T h u tUdng T r u n g Qud'c On Gia Bao c h i n h thfle t u y e n bd', T r u n g Qud'c q u y e t d i n h l a p Quy hdp t a e d i u tU T r u n g Qud'c - ASEAN tri gia 10 ty U S D , de hd trd che
xay dUng cd sd h a t i n g t r d n g k h u vfle, chu yeu d u n g cho cac dfl a n hdp tac d a u t u q u a n t r g n g t r o n g eac l i n h vUc cd sd h a t a n g , n a n g Ifldng t a i n g u y e n , t h d n g tin - vien thdng... T h a n g 10-2009, Tdng Giam dd'e N g a n h a n g Xua't n h a p k h a u T r u n g Qud'c Ly Nhflde Cd'c t u y e n bd', mdt ty U S D vd'n h u y ddng ddt d i u se c h i n h thfle v a n h a n h vao trfldc cud'i n a m 2009. Quy Hdp tac d a u tU T r u n g Qud'c - ASEAN la Quy cd p h a n h u y ddng vd'n t r o n g n h a n d a n b o a t ddng t h e o cd che t h i trUdng hda dudi sfl chi d a e cua C h i n h p h u d i u tien gifla T r u n g Qud'c va A S E A N ' " ' .
e. Ddy mqnh hpp tdc Tieu vdng Me cdng md rong
Do eae nUde t h a n h vien A S E A N t h a m gia vao ACFTA vdi t r i n h do p h a t trien k h a c n h a u , n e n viec cat g i i m t h u e de xay dflng A C F T A d a p h a i thfle hien theo hai Id t r i n h vdi h a i thdi diem k e t thfle k h a c n h a u . Sfl c h e n h lech ve t r i n h do p h a t t r i e n c u n g d a va tiep t u c d a n tdi t i n h t r a n g p h a n phd'i k h d n g ddng deu cac ldi ich tfl hdi n h a p k i n h te ASEAN - T r u n g Qudc. N h a n thfle dflde dieu dd, ASEAN va T r u n g Qudc d a tieh cfle giflp dd eac nfldc t h a n h vien k e m p h a t trien t h u h e p k h o a n g each p h a t t r i e n vdi cac nUde t h a n h vien eu va vdi T r u n g Qudc.
T r o n g nhflng n a m qua, cac nUdc ASEAN va T r u n g Qud'c d a tich cflc t h a m gia vao Chfldng t r i n h Hdp tac Tieu vflng Me Kdng do A D B de xfldng. T a i Hdi nghi Thfldng d i n h G M S l i n thfl h a i , td chflc
48
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC sd 10(110) - 2010• - • . ! ,-i
Xiy dung Khu m$u djch ti/do ASEAN - Trung Qudc...
v&o ngay 4- 5/7 2005 tai Con Minh, Thu tfldng Trung Qudc 6 n Gia Bao da dfla ra kien nghi 7 n h i m thuc d^y hdp tac GMS"^'.
De td ro thi?n chf cua Trung Qudc trong thuc d^y hdp tac GMS, tai Hoi nghi, Thu tfldng On Gia Bao tuyen bo Trung Qud'c cung cap tien cho Dfl an dfldng Con Minh- Bangkok, cho cac chfldng trinh dao tao tren nhidu linh vfle khac nhau va lap ra Quy 20 tridu USD trong ADB de phat trien GMS.
Sau Hoi nghi tren, Chinh phu Trung Qudc va chfnh quyen hai tinh Van Nam va Quang Tay da xue tien hang lo^t hoat dong n h i m g6p p h i n thuc day hqJp tac Tieu vung Me cong mci rong.
Tfl sau nam 2004, Trung Quoc da tham gia v^o 9 linh vfle h(?p tac trong GMS la lien lac, nang Ifldng, vi6n thdng, bao ve moi trfldng, nong nghi§p, phat trien ngudn nhan Iflc, du lich, tao thuSn l0i mSu dich v^ dau tfl. Ddng thdi tham gia va thuc day cac Iinh vfle hdp tac khac nhfl y iQvh. chong ma tiiy
Khong chi phdi hdp vdi ASEAN thuc diy GMS, ndi Trung Qudc la mot ben tham gia trflc tiep, hai ben con hdp tac chat che trong qua trinh xay dflng Cong ddng ASEAN, dfic bi§t la Cong ddng kinh t§'ASEAN.""
3. NhCrng k£t qua bu6c dSu
NgSy 1/1/2010, cac nfldc ASEAN 6 va Trung Qudc da holin tS't qua trinh cit giam thue theo Chfldng trinh thu hoach
sdm, Chfldng trinh giam binh thfldng.
Tdi thdi diem d6, thu§' s u i t ddi vdi 97%
cac mSt hang thuoc Danh muc giam binh thfldng giiJa cac nfldc ASEAN-6 • (Bru-nay, In-do-ne-xia, Ma-lai-xia, Phi- \ Ifp-pin, Xing-ga-po v^ Thai Lan) va i Trung Qudc da dflde xoa bd. Hdn 89% i san phSm hien nay da dflde trao ddi tfl : do gifla ASEAN-6 vh Trung Qudc"^'.
Nhfl vSy, ve cd ban, Khu mau dich tfl i do ASEAN- Trung Qudc da dflde xay ' dflng xong trong khu vfle gdc ciia \ ASEAN, xdt ve dia ly v^ Trung Qudc. • Tlf nam 2010, cac nfldc tren se hoan '\
I
thanh viSc c i t giam thue theo Chfldng j trinh nhay cam. Cac nfldc ASEAN 4 i (hay con goi la cac nfldc CLMV) se hoSn \ thanh c i t giam thue theo ChUdng trinh binh thfldng vao nam 2015, nam hodn | thanh viec xay dflng Cong ddng ASEAN. ; Trong giai doan tiep theo, CLMV se I thfle hien no't viec cit giam thue theo | Chfldng trinh nhay cam. Ho^t dong nay I se ket thuc vao nSm 2020.
Mac du viec xfiy dflng ACFTA vin | dang tiep tuc, nha't la d cac nfldc CLMV, ACFTA da tac dong tich cflc tdi viec thuc diiy mau dich va d^u tfl gifla ASEAN va Trung Quoc. Neu vao nam 2004, nam d i u tien thfle hi^n c i t giam thue theo Chfldng trinh thu hoach sdm, tdng gia tri buon ban hai chiiu gifla ASEAN va Trung Qudc la 89,066 ty dSla My thi tdi nam 2008, da len tdi 192,672 ty dola My.
B A N G 2 : MAU DjCH GlOfA CAC Nl/dC THANH VIEN ASEAN VA TRUNG QUOC TLf 2004-2008 ( TRIEU DOLA MY)
Nfldc
Xuat khau cua ASEAN sang Trung Qudc
Brunay Campuchia
Inddnexia Lao Malaixia Myanma Philippin Xingapo Thai Lan Viet Nam
Nhap khau cua ASEAN tir Trung Qudc
Brunay Campuchia
Inddnexia Lao Malaixia Myanma Philippin Xingapo Thai Lan Viet Nam
2004 41.352
243 12 4.605
1 8.634
75 2.653 15.321
7.098 2.711 47.714
87 337 4.101 89 11.353
351 2.659 16137 8.183 4.416
2005 52.258
234 15 6.662
4 9.465
119 4.077 19.770
9.083 2.828 61.136
94 430 5.843
185 14.361
286 2.973 20.527 11.116 5.327
2006 65.010
174 13 8.344
1 11.391
133 4.628 26.472 10.840 3.015 75.951
120 516 6.637
23 15.543
397 3.647 27.185 13.578 7.306
2007 77.945
201 11 8.897
35 15.443
475 5.750 28.925 14.873 3.336 93.173
157 653 8.616
43 18.897
564 4.001 31.908 16.184 12,148
2008 85.558
0 13 11.637
15 18.422
499 5.467 29.082 15.931 4.491 107.114
171 933 15.247
131 18.646
671 4.250 31.583 19.936 15,545
Nguon : ASEAN Trade Statistics Database ( Data as July 2009)
Trung Qud'c da trd thanh dd'i tae Qud'c cung deu tang nhanh ehdng .Neu thUdng mai Idn thfl 3 cua ASEAN, chiem nam 2004, budn ban hai chieu Indcne 11,3 % tdng budn ban cua ASEAN<'^>. xia - Trung Qud'c la 8,706 ty , tdi nam
Kim ngach budn ban hai chieu gifla 2008 da len tdi 26,884 ty dola My . Gia tflng nfldc t h a n h vien ASEAN vdi Trung tri budn ban hai chieu gifla Xingapo va
50
NGHIEN ClJiU TRUNG QUOC sd 10(110) - 2010Xay dung Khu mau djch tudo ASEAN - Trung Quoc...
Trung Qud'c vfla tang nhanh, vfla Idn ve tim ed . Nam 2004, tdng gia tri budn ban Xingapo - Trung Qud'e la 31,458 ty, tdi nam 2008 da len tdi 60,665 ty ddia My.
Cac nfldc ASEAN ngay cang xua't khau dflde nhieu hang hda sang thi trfldng Trung Qud'c. Nam 2004, gia tri hang hda xuat khau eua ASEAN sang Trung Qud'c mdi dat 41,352 ty dola My thi tdi nam 2008, da tang len gap hdn hai lan, dat mflc 85,558 ty dola (xem Bing 2). Xuat khau cua tflng nfldc ASEAN cung tang len vdi td'c do kha cao.
Vi du, nam 2004, Inddnexia xuat khau sang Trung Qud'e mdt so' hang hda tri gia 4.605 ty dola My, 4 nam sau, con sd' dd da len tdi 11.637 ty, tang hdn 2 lan.
Xingapd la nfldc xua't khau dflde nhieu hang hda nha't sang Trung Quo'e . Gia tri xua't khau cua nflde nay trong nam 2008 la 29,082 ty ddia My. Xua't khau eua Viet Nam sang Trung Qud'c cung tang len gin 2 l i n trong vdng 5 nam tfl 2004 -2008 (tfl 2,711 ty ddia len 4,491 ty ddia) 0 chieu ngflde lai, hang hda Trung Qud'c xua't k h i u sang ASEAN cdn tang manh hdn. Neu vao nam 2004, tdng gia tri xua't khau cua Trung Qudc sang ASEAN la 47,714 ty dola My, thi tdi 2008 con sd tUdng flng la 107,114 ty dola tang hdn 2 lin. Xuat khau cua Trung Qud'c sang tflng nflde ASEAN cung tang nhanh vdi td'e do cao:
Inddnexia va Viet Nam, Campuchia tang tren, dUdi 3 lan, Philippin va Lao tang
g i n 2 lin; Xinhgapo tang hdn 2 lin;
Malaixia tang khoing 1,5 lin (Xem eac con sd'cu the trong Bing 2).
Do tac ddng cua khung hoang kinh te, budn ban hai chieu gifla ASEAN va Trung Qud'c trong nam 2009 da hi giam xud'ng . Theo thd'ng ke cua ASEAN, sau khi tang manh trong giai doan 2007- 2008, thUdng mai hai chieu gifla ASEAN va Trung Quo'e giam 9,5% trong nam 2009, tfl 196,9 ti ddia trong nam 2008 xud'ng 178,2 ti ddia trong nam 2009. Tuy nhien, Trung Qud'c van la dd'i tac thUdng mai Idn nha't cua ASEAN, chiem ti le 11,6% trong tdng kim ngach thUdng mai cua ASEAN. Theo thd'ng ke cua Trung Qud'e, thfldng mai gifla Trung Qud'c va ASEAN giam nhe 7,8% trong nam 2009, tfl 231,1 ty ddia trong nam 2008 xud'ng 213 ty dola trong nam 2009 va ASEAN da trd thanh dd'i tae thUdng mai Idn thfl 4 cua Trung Qud'c, chiem 9,7% tdng thUdng mai cua Trung Que'c"^'.
Viec xay dflng ACFTA cung thue day hdp tac d i u tU gifla ASEAN va Trung Qudc. Nam 2006, FDI cua Trung Qudc vao ASEAN mdi chi dat 936,9 trieu USD*"', tdi nam 2008 da len tdi 2,1 ty ddia My. D i u tU eua ASEAN vao Trung Qud'e dai luc eung tiep tuc tang. Nam 2008 dat la 5,6 ty dola"''. Nam 2009, eung do tac dgng cua khung hoing tai chinh the gidi. FDI cua Trung Qudc vao ASEAN da giam 28,4 % so vdi 2008, ehi cdn 1,5 ty dola My "''.
NGHIEN C\S\i TRUNG QUOC s d 10(110) - 2010
Rl
Vdi viec Hiep dinh dau tfl ASEAN- Trung Quoc cd hieu Iflc vao 2/2010 va viec thanh Ifj) Quy dau tU ASEAN- Trung Qud'c, hdpftac dau tU gifla hai ben sie cd Cd hoi phat trien hdn nfla trong nhflng nam sap tdi.
Viec xay dflng ACFTA cung lam cho 'iii' di lai gifla cac doanh nghidp hai ben Vr'd nen nhgn nhip hdn, gdp p h i n thfle day du lich ASEAN - Trung Qudc. Tfl thang 1-11/ 2006, 3,5 trieu khach du lich ASEAN tdi Trung Qudc, khach Trung Qudc tdi ASEAN len tdi 2,6 trieu""'.
y n b l j n 1 •.'!•,} ,
A; 4. Mot sd van de dat ra sau khi jAfCFTA hien thuc hoa
Mac dfl quan he mau dich va dau tU gifla ASEAN va Trung Qud'c da dflde diy manh dfldi tac dgng cua ACFTA, i^hung tfl thfle te phat trien ciia md'i quan he nay cd the tha'y nhiing lpi ich 'md nd dUa lai chUa dUpc phdn phd'i ddng deu giUa hai ben.
Trung Qud'c la ben dUdc ldi nhieu tfl ACFTA. ASEAN ndi chung va cac nU6c thanh vien cua nd ndi rieng dang bi tham hut trong buon ban vdi Trung Qud'c. Mflc tham hut mau dich ciia ASEAN ngay cang 16n . Tham hut trong buon ban vdi Trung Qudc cua ASEAN vdi tfl each mdt khd'i trong cac nam tfl 2004:'-2008 l i n Ifldt la : 6,362 ty, 8,778 ,ty, .:;iflO,861 ty; 15,228 ty 21,556 ty TJSDf'H/^
Nguyen nhan chii yeu d i n g sau tinh trang nay co le la do tinh cha't canh
&
tranh nhau giiia cac nen kinh te ASEAN va Trung Qudc.
Canh tranh mdu dich: Theo mot cong trinh nghien cflu mdi dflde xua't ban cua Vien Khoa hgc xa hoi Trung Quoc"^', trong sd 18 mat hang xua't khau chu yeu cua Thai Lan sang My, thi cd 6 mat hang cung la xua't khau chu yeu cua Trung Qud'c sang thi trfldng My'^^'.
Trong so' 10 mat hang ciia Thai Lan xua't khau sang Nhat, thi sd^ hang trung vdi Trung Qud'c la 6 mat hang"". Trong 13 mat hang cua Thai Lan xua't khau sang chau Au, thi cung co 5 mat hang trung vdi Trung Quo'c"^'. Trong 10 mat hang ciia Viet Nam xua't khau sang Au, My, Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc cd 4 mat hang trung««'.
Canh tranh ve ddu tU : Trfldc khiing hoang, trong so' cac FDI chay vao Dong A, 2/3 chay vao ASEAN, chi 1/3 chay vao Trung Quoc. Tuy nhien, sau khung hoang, tinh hinh da diln ra ngUdc lai . Nam 2001- 2002, mac du kinh te the gidi tang trfldng cham va do chien tranh cho'ng khung bo', FDI tren thd gidi chi con 735 ty USD, nhUng Trung Qudc da thu hut 100 ty dola FDI va trd thanh diem dau tfl sd" 1 d chau A, vdi mflc tang d i u tfl 16,89 % chi trong 6 thang dau nam 2002'"'.
Sfl canh tranh gay g i t ve mau dich va dau tfl tren dang ban che hieu qua tao mau dich cua ACFTA ndi rieng va can trd sfl phat trien cua ASEAN - Trung Qud'c noi chung. Do ASEAN vd
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QU5c sd 10(110) - 2010
Xay dung Khu mau djch tudo ASEAN - Trung Quoc...
Trung Quoc cd cd cdu xudt khdu gidng nhau (hdng det may, giay dep, chdt dio, cdc sin phdm dien vd dien tii) nen khd nang xudt khdu sang thi trUdng cua nhau se bi han che, ngay cd khi cdc hdng rdo thue quan vd phi thue quan dd dUpc xoa bo. Cd cau san pham xua't khau gid'ng nhau da va cdn gay nen sfl canh tranh gay g i t cl thi trfldng thfl ba . Hien nay My, Nhat Ban, Lien minh chau Au deu la cac dd'i tac thfldng mai 16n nha't cua ca ASEAN va Trung Qudc. Tai nhflng thi trfldng nay, Trung Qud'c cd ldi the so sanh hdn ASEAN. Trong thi trfldng quin ao cua G-7, q u i n ao may sin cua Trung Qud'c da tang gap ddi trong nhflng nam 1990, chiem khoang 20 % thi phin. Trong khi dd thi phan trong thi trUdng tren ciia 4 nfldc ASEAN bao gdm Inddnexia, Malaixia, Philippin, Thai Lan vin dflng d mflc 8% cung thdi ky. Trong thi trfldng dd lot cua G.7, dd lot ciia Trung Qudc chiem flu the (tang tfl 10 % nhflng nam 1980 Ien 38 % vao cudi nhflng nam 1990). Sfl tang thi phin ciia Trung Quoc d thi trUdng tren da thu hep thi phin ciia ASEAN va cac NIECs D6ngA"«'.
Tinh trang canh tranh ve dau tU gifla ASEAN va Trung Qudic cung cd the anh hfldng khdng tot tdi quan he gifla hai ben. Do sfle ha'p d i n cua thi trUdng dau tfl Trung Qudc, tfl thang 7-2002 mot sd cong ty Idn cua Nhat Ban nhfl NEC Corp), Minolta... da dfl dinh ddng mot so dong san pham cua ho d Malaixia de
chuyen sang Trung Qud'c. Hang Seiko Epson Corp cung tuyen bo' ddng c\ia san xua't may Scanner d Xingapo de chuyen sang Trung Qud'c. Theo Cd quan Thdng ke Xingapo, trong 5 nam qua nUdc nay da ma't 42.000 viec lam, b i u het cac viec lam dd chuyen sang Trung Qud'c'"^'.
De khac phuc d i n cac van de tren, tai Hdi nghi tham khao kinh te ASEAN - Trung Qud'c l i n thfl 9 td chflc tai Da Ning 26-8-2010, cac Bg trfldng kinh te hai ben da thao luan va thdng qua nhieu bien phap quan trgng. Cac Bg trfldng cung ddng y ciing cd' Hiep djnh Thfldng mai Hang hda ASEAN - Trung Qud'c cung nhfl viec thfle hien Hiep dinh.
Tai Hgi nghi, Quy tac xuat xfl cac sin pham cu the da dUdc chuyen ddi sang HS 2007 trong ACFTA de bd sung vao Hiep dinh Thfldng mai Hang hda ASEAN - Trung Qud'c da du'dc thdng qua. Hien nay, hai ben se no lUc de cd the ky ket Nghi dinh thU thfl 2 siia doi Hiep dinh Thfldng mai Hang hda ASEAN - Trung Qudc thudc Hiep djnb Khung ve Hdp tac Kinh te toan dien ASEAN - Trung Qud'c trong thdi gian sdm nha't. Nghi dinh thU su(a ddi Hiep dinh Thfldng mai Dich vu se dUdc ki ket tai Hgi nghi ThUdng dinh ASEAN - Trung Qudc lan thfl 13, hgp va© thang
10 nam nay 2010.
Vdi no Iflc va thien chi cua ca hai ben, ACFTA chic chin se dflde xay dflng thanh cong tren toan lanh thd ASEAN va Trung Qud'c. Khu mSu dich
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC s d 10(110) - 2010
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dd se dem lai Idi ich cho tat ca cac ben, du cd the nhflng Idi ich tfl viec xay dflng nd van chfla dflde phan phdi ddng deu, do sfl chenh lech ve trinh do phat trien gifla cac ben tham gia vao tien trinh hdi nhap kinh te ASEAN - Trung Qud'c .
CHU THICH:
(1) Bo trUdng ThUdng mai Inddnexia Suleman Hidayat thong bao Chinh phu Inddnexia se de nghi len ban lanh dao ASEAN hoan viec c i t giam thue nhap khau ddng thdi muo'n "dam phan lai de hang hoa nhap khau re khong tran vao lam lut thi trUdng ma khong bi ngan chan." Theo ong Tan Sri William Cheng, Chu tich Phong thUdng mai va Cong nghiep Hoa kieu Malaixia, neu cac van de khong dUdc giai quyet thi ACFTA se "co nhieu dieu can trd hdn la thuan ldi". Tai Thai Lan, cac nha san xuat da cong khai len tieng ve sU bat lUc cua ho trong viec doi dau vdi gia ca cua Trung Quoc.
'^' Trung Quoc da chinh thfle dUdc ket nap vao WTO thang 9/ 2001.
(3) Trong hdn 1/4 the ky, Trung Quoc tang trUdng lien tuc d mflc tren 7%, Nam 1990, Trung Quoc mdi chie'm 1,9 % xuat khau toan cau, nam 2000 len 4%, rdi 6%
(hay 428, 2 ty dola) nam 2003. Phan cua Trung Quoc trong buon ban quoc te cua Nhat Ban, tang tfl 5,1 % nam 1990 len 18,5% nam 2003, cua My tfl 3, 2% len 12,5%, EU tfl 2 % len 8,9%. NhQng so lieu tren d i n theo bai: "Interdependence between ASEAN and China". By Thitapa Wattanaprutipasan. Bangkok Post, Business Section, Sartuday 9 July 2005.
(4) ACFTA dUdc xem la mot bu6c the nghiem de tien tdi xay dflng EA FTA. Theo
Cuu Tdng tho'ng Philippin, Phiden Ramo't, tren cd sd thanh cong cua the nghiem nay, cac nUdc Dong A co the xay dflng mot Khu mau dich tu do Dong A ma nhieu nU6c trong khu vUc, trong do co Philippin, dang trong ddi,
(5) Xem: Annex II, Agreement on Trade in Good pf the Frmework on Comprehensive
Economic Co=operation Between Association of Southeast Asian Nations and
People 's Republic of China. (http:
//aseansec.org/16646.htm
(6) Xem them : Van kien tren
(7) Xem them : ASEAN- China Agreement on Trade Services Media Statement (http: //www.asean.org/19294,htm)
(8) Joint Declaration of the Head of State/
Government of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the people's Republic of China on Strategic Partnership for Peace and Prosperity, Tai lieu khai thac tfl Muc China tren Website: p.2
(9) Trich: Joint Declaration of the Head of State/ Government of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the People s Republic of China on Strategic Partnership for Peace and Prosperity. Tai lieu da dSn.
tr.2
(10) Xem them: Joint Press Statement The Sixth Consultation between the ASEAN Economic Ministers and the Minister of Commerce of the People's of China Makati City, Philippines, 25 August 2007, (http:
//www.asean.orH/20872.htm )
(11) Trung Quoc lap "Quy Hdp tac dau tU Trung Quoc - ASEAN" (http: //Vietnamese.
cri.cn/721/2009/12/14/lsl33584.htm (12) Cac kien nghi do la:
- Ve tang cUdng xay dUng ha tang cd sd, can tiep tuc thUc hien cac hang muc hdp tac tren cac linh vUc giao thong, nang lUdng dien tin, tang cudng xay dUng Hanh lang liinh te
54
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 10(110) - 2010Xay dung Khu mau djch tudo ASEAN - Trung Qudc..
B&c - N a m , H a n h l a n g k i n h te Dong - T a y va H a n h lang k i n h t e p h i a N a m . T a n g cUdng phat t r i e n v a n c h u y e n dUdng t h u y va xay dflng xa lo t h o n g tin, t h u c day m a u dich dien luc va m a n g dien tieu k h u vUc .
- Ve t h u c day m a u dich d a u tU, can day manh n h a t t r i tieu c h u a n va t r i n h t u hai quan, xoa bo h a n g r a o m a u dich tU do T r u n g Quoc - ASEAN .
- Doi vdi p h a t t r i e n n o n g n g h i e p , can trien khai m a n h me sU giao lUu va hdp tac ky t h u a t nong n g h i e p va t h o n g tin nong nghiep, n h a n h chong xay dUng t r a m tin nong nghiep, co g a n g sdm ky k e t Bi vong luc ve hdp tac n o n g n g h i e p t i e u k h u vUc, t r i e u tap Hoi nghi Bo trUdng Nong n g h i e p vao thdi diem thich hdp, c u n g n h a u tim kiem bien phap p h a t t r i e n n o n g n g h i e p hien dai.
- Ve bao ve tai n g u y e n moi trUdng, can tang cUdng t r a o ddi t h o n g tin va hdp tac trong viec bao ve t a i n g u y e n moi trUdng, tich cUc thUc hien ke hoach h a n h l a n g bao ve tinh da dang cua sinh v a t .
- Tang CUdng boi dUdng tai n g u y e n n h a n lUc, dUa t r e n cd sd k i n h n g h i e m t h a n h cong cua Ke hoach P h n o m - p e n h , tim toi viec boi dUdng tai n g u y e n n h a n lUc vdi h i n h tfiflc da dang tren cac linh vUc y te, giao due, van hoa, n a n g cao t r i n h do v a n hoa k h o a hoc ky thuat va ky n a n g s a n g n g h i e p cua t o a n the ngUdi lao dong .
- Tich cUc t h u c day hdp t a c t r o n g Hnh vUc y te.
- Tim each xay dUng quy p h a t trien, h o a n nghenh sfl u n g ho lau dai cua N g a n h a n g phat trien c h a u A c u n g n h u sU trd giup nhieu hdn cua eae doi tae p h a t trien. Ddn theo Tin tham khdo the gidi 7/7/ 2005 . tr.7
(13) De hieu ro nhQng dong gop eua Trung Quo'e doi vdi AC, eo t h e t h a m k h a o them: N g u y i n T h u My, Hop tdc Trung Qud'c
- ASEAN trong qud trinh xdy diing Cdng dong. N g h i e n cflu T r u n g Quo'e, so'7.
(14) Sd'Iieu trich tfl: Hoi nghi T h a m van Bo t r u d n g K i n h te A S E A N - T r u n g Quoc lan thfl 9, http: / /asean2010.vn/asean-vn/
News / 36 / 2DA9C6 / hoi-nghi-tham-van-Bo- truong-kinh-te-ASEAN-Trungquoc-lan-thu-9
(15) So'lieu d a n tfl : Welcome R e m a r k s by H,E S u r i n P i t s u w a n , Secretary - G e n e r a l of ASEAN on t h e Occasion on the visit of E,H, Dai Bingguo, S t a t e Councilor of Republic's People of C h i n a ASEAN S e c r e t a r i a t 22 J a n u a r y 2010,
(16) So' lieu dan tfl : Hoi nghi T h a m van Bo trUdng K m h te ASEAN - T r u n g Quoc lan thfl 9 http: //asean2010.vn/asean- vn / News / 36 / 2DA9C6 / hoi-nghi-tham-van- Bo-truong-kinh-te-ASEAN-Trungquoc-lan-
thu-9
(17) So'lieu trich tfl: Joint Press Statement , Sixth Consultation between the ASEAN Economic Ministers and the Minister of Commerce of the People's of China , Makati City, Philippines, 25 August 2007 (http:
//www,asean,org/20872, htm ),
(18) So lieu trich tfl tai lieu : ASEAN- China I n v e s t m e n t A g r e e m e n t 2009- AEC,031,pdf - Foxit R e a d e r 2,3 { 2009- AEC,034,pdf [
(19) Theo tho'ng ke cua T r u n g Quoc, dong dau t u nude ngoai tfl T r u n g Quo'e vao ASEAN giam n h e 7,6% tfl 2,5 ty dola n a m 2008 xud'ng 2,3 ty dola trong nam. 2009
(20) J o i n t P r e s s S t a t e m e n t The Sixth Consultation b e t w e e n t h e ASEAN Economic M i n i s t e r s a n d t h e M i n i s t e r of Commerce of t h e People's of C h i n a M a k a t i City, Philippines, 25 A u g u s t 2007, (http:
//www.asean.org/20872.htm)
(21) Sd'Iieu do tac gia t u t i n h dua t r e n eac so' lieu ve m a u dich A SEAN - T r u n g Quo'e do Ban ThU ky A SEAN dUa ra va dUdc phan a n h t r o n g Bang 2.
NGHIEN CIJIU TRUNG QUOC s d 10(110) - 2010
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(22) Cong trinh dd la "Hpp tdc khu vUc vd qudn ly chung Trung Qudc - ASEAN'. NXB Khoa hoc xa boi Trung Quoc. Thong ta'n xa Viet Nam dich va in trong Tai lieu tham khao chu nhat 26/3/2006.
(23) NhQng mat hang do la: thiet bi xfl ly xua't- nhSp so' lieu tfl dong; thiet bi xfl ly so' lieu tfl dong, torn dong lanh, che pham tfl tom, do trang sfle, da quy, dd go gia dung, may bien lUu co dinh.
(24) Do la nhflng mat hang: thit ga mieng va noi tang, thit ga, thfle &n cho, meo, ca lat tUdi hoac dong lanh, mi'a dUdng, du&ng nguyen lieu thit dong lanh, bun khoi. Ngoai ra ti vi mau, thiet bi xfl ly xuat nhap khau tu dong Cling bi anh hflcing ;
(25) Dd la: thiet bi xfl ly xuat nhap khau tu dong, khoan thep phi cong nghiep; may fax thiet bi xfl ly xuat nhap khau tfl dgng, thiet bi phat thanh va dieu boa, ti vi mau va linh kien rdi
(26) Do la: hang may mac , giay dep, dd sfl va san p h i m dien tfl.
(27) China Times, Taipei 16, Jannuary 2002.
(28) So lieu lay tfl bai cua ASEAN- China FTA: Advantages, Challenges ad Implications for the Newer ASEAN member countries cua Thitapa Wattanaprutipasan. Da dan . tr.l5
(29) Nhflng sd lieu tren la'y tfl bii :
"Strategic Risks for East Asia in Economic Integration with China "cua John J. Tkacik .Jr . Bai dang tren http: //www.heritage.
org/research/asiaandthePacific/ wml71.cfm cua Heritage Foundation .
TAI LifiU THAM KHAO
1. John J. Tkacik .Jr: Strategic Risks for East Asia in Economic Integration with China.
Heritage Foundation//asiaandthePacific/
wmlTl.cfm
2. Ong Keng Yong, Secretary General of ASEAN: Securing a win- win Partnership for ASEAN and China II http: //www.aseansec.org Keynote Address at the ASEAN- China Forum 2004 Developing ASEAN- China Relations : Reahties and Prospect, Singpore 23 June 2004
3. Raul L. Cordenillo: The economic benefits to ASEAN of the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area (ACFTA)// Websites : http:
//www.aseansec.org
4. Rodolf C.Severino, Secretary General of ASEAN: ASEAN- China: Partners in Competition. Remark at the ASEAN Forum sponsored by the ASEAN Consulates.
Guanzhou 9, June 2001// http:
//www.aseansec.org
S.Thitapha Wattanaprutipaisan:
Interdependence between ASEAN and Chinall Bangkok Post, Business Section, Sartuday 9 July 2005
6. Thitapha Wattanaprutipaisan ASEAN- China FTA: Advantages, Challenges ad Implications for the newer ASEAN member countriesl/http:ll www.aseansec.org
7. Hpp tdc khu vUc vd qudn ly chung Trung Qudc - ASEAN. NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi Trung Quoc). Tai li$u tham khao chu nhat 26/3/2006.
8. T.N: Malaixia hUong lpi tii sU hiing no kinh te cua Trung Qudcll Tap cbi Kinh te chau A- Thai Binh Duong (VAPEC).Sd28, tfl 10 den 16/7/ 2006.
9. Nguyen Thu My: 15 nam quan hi ASEAN - Trung Qudc: Nhin lai vd Trien vpng Nghien cflu Trung Quoc, so 6, 2006
10. Saw Swee - Hock (Edited), ASEAN - China Economic Relations. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies . Singapore, 2007.
