DANH CHO NHA NGHIEN COU TRE
XAY DUHG HE T H O N G GIAO T H O N G KET N i l QUANG NINH - QUANG TAY TRONG KHUdN KHO
HOP TAC HAI HANH LANG KidT VANH DAI
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ r o n g cuoc gap gd cap cao Y^m Trung-Viet giQa Thu tu6ng
^ - ^ On Gia Bao va Thu tu6ng Phan Van Khai n a m 2004, hai ben da nhat tri hdp tac xay dUng "hai h a n h lang, mot v a n h dai" (hanh lang Nam Ninh Ha Noi Hai Phong Quang Ninh, h a n h lang Con Minh Lao Cai Ha Noi Hai Phong va vanh dai kinh te Vinh B l e Bo. Day la quy hoach chung cua hai nxidc trong hdp tac t r u n g h a n va dai han, nhSm thiic day sU lien ket manh me giiia cac t m h phia Nam Trung Quoc v6i cac t i n h phia B l e Viet Nam dong thdi bien day t h a n h chiec cau noi trong hdp tac T r u n g Quoc -ASEAN
Khu vUc hai h a n h lang mot vanh dai ngoai the m a n h ve tai nguyen thien nhien nhU k h o a n g san, t h u y hai san va du lich con chiia diing ldi the' dia-kinh te to ldn. No g i n k e t viing Tay N a m Trung Quoc va bac Viet N a m vdi Dong A va the gidi (tien den trien vong r a ddi cong dong kinh te Dong A), dong thdi lai n i m ci
NGO TH! LAN PHJONG
NCS Dqi hpc KHXH vd Nhdn vdn
trung tam khoi lien ket Trung Quoc - ASEAN vdi viec xay dung khu mau dich tu do ASEAN-Trubng Quoc (ACFTA), trong tUdng lai no se tr6 t h a n h vCing dem noi lien Dong A vdi Nam A \ Vdi nhiing Uu the vUdt troi do ca Trung Quoc va Viet Nam vdi nhiing tinh toan ldi ich ciia minh deu r a siic hdp tac xay dUng mo hinh nay.
Xay dUng khu hdp tac kinh te" bien gidi Dong HUng (Quang Tay) va Mong Cai (Quang Ninh) chinh la kenh lien ket quan trong b duyen hai vinh B l e Bo. Hai dia phUdng vdi vi tri het siic dac biet, viia CO dUdng bien gidi tren bo lai viia co dUdng bien gidi tren bien nen viec trao doi thong thUdng va qua lai vo cung tien ldi. Day thiic sU la canh ciia cUc ki quan trong cua hai t m h va hai nUdc hUdng ra ben ngoai, tien tdi hien thiic hoa va phat trien khu mau dich tii do ASEAN-Trung Quoc cung n h u thuc day quan he hdp tac hiiu nghi Trung-Viet, hdp tac Trung Quoc-ASEAN.
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUGC so 1(125) - 2012
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NGO THI LAN PHLTONG
(^uang Tay-vc'ii vi tn' la dia phUdng nam trong mot vanh dai va mnl, hanh lanf^ da dong vai tro cjuan trong tfon^^
chien lu'dc nay, do do chinh (luyrn khu tii Iri dan toe C/hoang (Juang Tay da tich cue ehii dong hvn lac, xay diing cci che, ko hoach h(lp tac vdi chinh quyen ("ac linh CO lion quan Irong do co (^u;inf,' Ninh (Viet Nam).
Thiic le nhu'iif,' i h a n h tUu lo ldn tCi hdp tae moi mat giiia hai tinh nhutiif^
nam g&n day la bieu hien sinh (long cho sU no lUe giiia hai linh trong viec li'ch Clic xay diing "hai hanh lnnf^% mot vanh dai" kinh le Viel-Trung. Trong thdi gian tdi hai linh se tiep lue Laii^^ cUdng hdp tac giao thong, du lich, kinh te'ciia khau, dau tu, dac biet la hdp tae trong linh vUc dich vu, cd sd ha tang, thu xep nguon vo'n va hdp tac ki t h u a t do'i vdi eac dU an xay diing m a n g lUdi dUdng s i t , dUdng bo, dUdng hang khong ... n h a m gop phan xay diing h a n h lang kinh te va vanh dai kinh te t r e n t h a n h eau noi ciia hdp tac Viet T r u n g - A S E A N .
1. LTu the cua Q u a n g Ninh Q u a n g Tay trong vai tro la cau noi hop tac Viet-Trung
* l/u the'cua Qudng Ninh -Vi vi tri dia ly
Vdi tong dien tieh 5938 km", Quang Ninh CO 132,8km dUdng bien gidi Li-en da't lien va 250 km bien gidi tren bien vdi Trung Quo'c^, trong do thi xa Mong Cai la khu vUc tie'p giap triic tiep vdi thi xa Dong HUng thuoc t m h Quang Tay, Trung Quo'e. Cung vdi Hai Phong, Quang Ninh giii vai tro la canh cong ldn
md ra bien eho toan bo vCing Bac Bo va la mot ti'nh trong didm nam trong tam giae Iwin^ LtUdng kinh te phia Bac Viet Nam (Ha Noi-Hai Phong va Quang Ninh). Trong khi (1(3 ben kia Dong HUng- (Juaii^ Tay dUdc xac dinh la thi xa mc) ciia v(>n bien gidi eua T r u n g C^uo'c, la cxia n^'d thuan ldi duy nha't de Trung Quo'e thong thUdng va md rong quan he vdi Don^f Nam A. Do do co the noi Quang Ninh CO Uu the' ve dia ly rat thuan ldi de phat irien quan he do'i n^oai khu vUc bien gidi, dUa khu vxic nay trd t h a n h mot trong nhiing trung tam thUdng mai Viet-Trung ldn eua cac tinh bien gidi phia Bac.
Ben canh do, phia Bac Quang Ninh giap vdi tinh Lang Sdn, phia Tay giap B I C Ninh, Hai DUdng, phia Nam giap Hai Phong. Nhiing tinh lang gieng nay la nhiing vung san xuat h a n g hoa ldn, tao dieu kien cho Q u a n g Ninh co the khai thac quy h a n g hda tieu dCing, vat tU san xuat...phuc vu nhu cau trong tinh va xua't k h a u . Rong hdn nuta trong quan he buon ban vdi T r u n g Quoc, Quang Ninh con la eau ndi eho tat ca cac tinh phia trong, tif eae tinh dong bang cho den eac tinh t r u n g du Bac bo; tii Da Nang va cac tinh mien T r u n g den thanh pho' Ho Chi Minh va cac t m h mien Nam nude ta. Trong khoang hdn hai chuc nam qua, cae mat h a n g xuat k h a u chu yeu eua Viet N a m sang T r u n g Quoc nhU: cao su, gao, ho tieu, h a t dieu, dau thiic v^t...
ehii ye'u qua c^a ngo nay. NgUdc lai hang n h a p k h a u tii T r u n g Quo'e ciing theo tau bien va 6 to tii day vao noi dia nUdc ta.
Ngoai nguon h a n g trong nUdc, Quang Ninh ciing la ndi chuyen tai h a n g hoa t^
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NGHIEN till TRUNG OUOC so 1(125) - 2012Xay dung he thong giao thong ket noi...
nhieu nude Dong N a m A va Dong A de'n thi trUdng T r u n g Quoe va ngUde lai.
Dac biet,trong nhiing nam gan day, vdi chien lUdc hdp tac Trung Qudc - ASEAN, Quang Ninh dUdc xac dinh la tmh n i m trong dU an xay diing hai hanh lang: Con Minh-Lao Cai-Ha Noi-Hai Phong-Quang Ninh, Nam Ninh-Lang Sdn-Ha Noi-Hai Phong-Quang Ninh va vanh dai kinh te Vinh B l e Bo dong thdi ciing nam trong chien lUdc xay dUng mo hinh "Mot true, hai canh ci khu viic nay, dieu nay mot l^n niia k h l n g dinh vai tro cau noi quan trong eiia Quang Ninh trong hdp tac Viet-Trung ciing nhU hdp tac Trung Quoe ASEAN.
Lfu the vi he thd'ng cdng bien, ciia khdu vd cdc diidng giao thdng thdy bd.
Ben canh vi tri dia ly chie'n lUdc, Quang Ninh eon co he tho'ng cang bien, cxia khau va dUdng giao thong gom ca dUdng thuy, dUdng sat va dUdng bo, thuan ldi cho viec thong thUdng khong chi vdi cac dia phUdng trong tinh, trong nUdc ma vdi ca nUdc ngoai, dac biet la vdi nUdc lang gieng Trung Quo'e
Ve hdi cdng, bd bien Quang Ninh co dia hinh, dia mao doc dao, nhieu vung, vinh vdi hdn 2000 hdn dao che c h i n r a t thuan tien cho t a u thuyen neo dau^. Vi V£Ly tii sdm viing da't dia dau Dong Bac nay da hinh t h a n h nhiing thUdng cang noi tieng nhU Van Don, Van Ninh. Dudi thdi Phap thuoc, b Quang Ninh cd hai cang ldn la cang Hon Gai va cang Ciia Ong (Cam Pha), phuc vu cho n h u cau thUdng mai va cho cong nghiep than, dUdc duy tri va p h a t trien cho den t^n
ngay nay. Ben canh do con co nhieu cang nho dCing cho tau chuyen chd khach va van tai hang hoa nhU Quang Yen, Tho Xuan, Dan Tie'n, Mui Ngoc, Van Hoa, Cai Rong, Bach Thai BUcii... Nhiing nam viia qua mot so' cang quan trong dUdc dau tu xay dUng va dang phat huy the manh nhU cang Cai Lan, cang Hon Net, Miii Chua. Cang nUdc sau Cai Lan mdi dUdc xay dUng nhUng eo hieu qua kinh te cao. LTU the ldn nha't cua cang la n i m trong khu cong nghiep Cai Lan, lien ke quoc lo 18 va dau dUdng xe liia Kep-Bai Chay, r a t t h u a n tien cho viec trung chuyen hang hoa. Tren vinh Bai Tii Long, cang noi Hon Net ciing mdi dUdc xay diing, cho phep tau tren dUdi 10 van tan CO the neo dau an toan va boc chuyen hang hda t h u a n tien. N i m ke khu viic khai thac va che bie'n than, vi vay cang nay dac biet Uu the cho xua't k h a u than. O c^a song Tien Yen, cang Miii Chiia mdi dUdc xay diing da ngay cang to ro tac dung, lam dau cau noi cac tinh mien niii phia Bac qua quo'e lo 4 dong thdi day ciing la luong van chuyen t h u a n tien sang Trung Quoc qua cxia khau Hoanh Mo.
Cita khdu
Dudi thdi nha Nguyin, tren tuyen bien gidi giiia tinh Quang Yen va Trung Quoc CO tdi 8 eiia ai. Do la ai Quy Ma, B I C CUdng (thuoc chau Tien Yen); Thac Mang, Bach Thach, Thon Thien, Hoang Triic, BUdng, Li Le (thuoc chau Van Ninh). Trong do chi co hai ai la Thac Mang va B l e CUdng la co dat t h u sci (don bien phong, con lai la dUcJng t i t qua lai t h a m vieng hoac buon ban eiia cU dan
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 1(125) - 2012
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NGO THI LAN PHI/ONG
hai ben bien gidi. Hien nay Iron bien gidi giiia hai ti'nh Qii;'mg Ninh va Qu;'mg Tay, cd hai c;ip ciia khau chinh la Mdng Cai-Dong Hu'ng va Hoanh M6-l)ong Tong, eung mot so' diem md de lam thu luc xual n h a p canli nhU khu chuyen tai Van Gia, B.'ie Phong Sinh (HAi H i ) , Lue Lrim, Ka Long (Mong Cai), Dong Van (Binh Lieu).
//(• thd'ng dudng giao Ilidng
Quang Ninh la linh c6 dUdng bien dai va cd nhieu song nen tii xa xUa dUcIng thuy da la dUdng giao thong chii ye'u.
Dac biet ven bd bien Quang Ninh dUdc che c h i n bcii nhiing day dao chay dai theo hudng Tay Bic-Dong Nam tao nen biic binh phong bao ve an toan cho t a u thuyen di lai. Tau thuyen tii k h l p ndi tren vung Bien Dong de'n vung bien Quang Ninh c6 the qua song Bach D i n g roi tdi song Da Bac, song Kinh Thay, tii dd CO the theo song Cau, song ThUdng, song Luc Nam vao sau vung t r u n g du Bac Bo. Hoac ciing co the tii sdng Bach D i n g tie'n ve song Cam, song Luoc di vao cac tinh dong b l n g B l e Bo. Vdi cac ben cang mien Trung, mien Nam hoac di xa hdn niia len phia Ble, xuong phia Nam giao lUu vdi quoc te', cac luong d Quang Ninh deu r a t t h u a n ldi. P h a n ldn t h a n cua Quang Ninh ban cho cac tinh ban va xua't k h a u ciing vdi h a n g n h a p k h a u ciia tinh chu yeu b l n g dUdng thiiy.
TrUdc day, dUdng bo b Quang Ninh di lai r a t khd k h a n va cham mci mang. Suo't mot dai bien thiiy phia B l e rifng mii trap triing,vach da cheo leo, hiem trcf, dUdng sa chi la nhiing loi mon xuyen
riing hoac ven suo'i. Nhiing ndi dong b l n g ven bidn, dUdng cai q u a n dUdc xay diing r a i muon va gian ddn. Theo sxi cii, cho den thdi nha NguySn, con dUdng bo huye't maeh thong thUdng quo'e te'tii tinh Quang Yen den cxia ai Thac M a n g (Mdng Cai) dd sang don phu Dong HUng nUdc T h a n h phai m a t 8 gid di bo'*
Th6i Phap thuoc do n h u cau khai thac thuoc dia, chinh quyen thiic dan da cho xay diing dUcJng s i t trUde, dUdng 6 to sau. DUdng s i t dUdc xay diing thdi toan quyen P.Duyme (1897-1902), dUdng bo vao thdi toan quyen AnBe Xaro (1911-
1919) vdi 3 loai dUdng thuoc dia, hang xii va h a n g tinh. DUdng h a n g tinh la he tho'ng dUdng noi bo k h u md' Tuyen dUcJng bo quan trong nha't va sdm nha't d Quang Ninh la quoc lo 18 mai den dau the kl XX mdi dUdc xay diing. So vdi dUdng thiiy, dUdng s i t , d Quang Ninh dUdng bo CO y nghia kinh te nho hdn bcii cUdc phi van chuyen bang 6 to cao hdn cac phUdng tien van tai khae
Ngay nay he tho'ng dUdng bo d Quang Ninh da tUdng doi hoan chinh dem lai ldi ich kinh te thiet thiic hdn.Truc dUdng 18 dUde cai tao, n a n g cap vdi nhiing cay clu kien co', chay xuyen suot noi lien Quang Ninh vdi t h u do Ha Noi va cac tinh phia B l e . DUdng 10,4A, 4B ciing dUdc tu sLta noi lien 3 dinh cua k h u tam giae kinh te Ha Noi-Hai Phong-Quang Ninh.
He thong dUdng bo nay cung vdi tuyS'n diidng s i t Ha Noi-Kep-Bai Chay va cay c l u Bai Chay mdi dUdc xay diing trci t h a n h huyet mach giao thong quan yeu noi k h u t a m giae k i n h te phia B I C vdi
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NGHIEN ClilU TRUNG OUO'C sd' 1(125) - 2012Xay dung he thong giao thong ket ndi...
tinh Lang Sdn va Quang Tay, Van Nam (Trung Quoc)
N h u vay vdi Uu the ve vi tri dia ly, cang bien, e^a k h a u va he tho'ng dUdng giao thong, ed the ndi Quang Ninh la tinh cd nhieu Uu the hdn h l n so vdi cac tinh bien gidi phia B l e khae ciia Viet Nam trong p h a t trien quan he giao lUu moi mat Viet-Trung
* Lfu the cua Qudng Tdy Uu thevi vi tri dia ly
Khu tu tri dan toe Choang (Quang Tay), n i m b phia Nam Trung Quoc, ve phia Dong Nam cao nguyen Van Quy, phia Ble giap vdi tinh Quy Chau, Ho Nam, phia Tay giap tinh Van Nam, phia Dong ke tinh Quang Dong , cdn phia Nam giap vdi Viet Nam va vinh Ble Bo. Thu phu khu la t h a n h pho' Nam Ninh. Khu tU tri dUdc phan t h a n h 14 thanh pho' dia khu bao gom: Nam Ninh, Lieu Chau, Que Lam, Ngo Chau, B l e Hai, cang Phdng Thanh, Kham Chau, Quy Cang, Ngoc Lam, Ha Chau, Bach S i c , Ha Tri, Lai Tan, Siing Ta.
Quang Tay cd Uu the ve vi tri dia ly ven bien, ven song va ven bien gidi, nam ci chd giao n h a u giiia viing kinh te Hoa Nam, vung k i n h te Tay N a m va vung kinh te ASEAN, la con dUdng r a bien n g l n n h a t cho viing Tay Nam, t h a m chi ca vung Tay B l e T r u n g Quo'e, eiing la con dUdng trong ye'u lien ke't Quang Dong, Hong Kong, Ma Cao vdi phia Tay.
Dac biet la tii khi t h a n h lap k h u m$.u dich tii do T r u n g Quoc va ASEAN, Quang Tay la d l u moi noi viing Tay Nam, Hoa Nam, T r u n g N a m cua Trung Quoc vdi thi triicJng ASEAN rong ldn. Vi
vay cd the ndi Quang Tay, vdi vi tri chie'n lUdc ciia minh trci t h a n h dia ban cd tam quan trong dac biet ciia Trung Quo'e khong chi trong viec phat trien quan he lang gieng ma cdn trong phat trien quan he hdp tac ciia Trung Qud'c vdi khu vUc va quoc te
Lfu the cdng bien, cita khdu vd he thd'ng giao thdng thuy bd
lfu the cdng bien
Quang Tay cd 21 cang bien ldn nho, trong dd ed 5 cang cd nang lUc cap ben tii 1 van t§'n trci len la Phdng Thanh, Kham Chau, B l e Hai, Tran Chau va Thie't Sdn.
Trong dd cang Phdng Thanh la cang ldn thii 3 cua khu viie Hoa Nam, lUdng hang qua cang hang nam len tdi 20 den 50 trieu tan ^ Nhiing cang bien Quang Tay cd nhiing dac diem tii nhien la nUdc sau, t r a n h gid td't, sdng nho,deu ke't no'i vdi dUdng bo va dUdng s i t trong nUdc, gan cae cang bien k h u viic Dong Nam A, Hong Kong va Ma Cao. Cang B l e Hai each cang Hong Kong 425 hai ly; cang Phong Thanh each vinh Ha Long 90 hai li, each cang Hai Phdng 151 hai ly, each Bang Cdc 1.439 hai ly; cang Kham Chau each cang Singapore 1.338 hai ly.
iJu the cita khdu ven bien gidi
Tam huyen thi cua Quang Tay giap vdi Viet Nam, hien nay cd 12 ciia k h i u bien gidi, trong dd cd 5 cap cxia khau cap quoc gia la: Ddng HUng-Mdng Cai, B l n g TUdng-Dong Dang, Hiiu Nghi Quan, Thuy Khau- Ta Lung, Long Bang-Tra Linh, va 7 cap ciia k h i u c^'p II quo'e gia. Ngoai ra cdn cd 27 diem giao dich (chd viing bien) giiia n h a n dan hai ben bien gidi^
NGHIEN CUIU TRUNG QUOC s o 1(125) - 2012
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NGO THI LAN PHLTONG
lfu theve lie thong giao thdng van tdi
•Hien nay he thd'ng giao thong van i.-'ii ciia Quang Tay deu hUdng ra bien, hinh thanh viec lay cang biTMi liim dau tau, dUdng s i t Nam Ninh-Cdn Minh lam nong cot, dUdng bo, dUdng song va dUdng hang khong cung eac eong Irinh giao thong khac ke't hdp vdi nhau mot each dong bo.
Ve dUdng s i t Quang Tay cd 5 tuyen chinh: TUdng (^le (Ho Nam-Quang Tay),Nam Con (Nam Ninh-Cdn Minh), Kiem Que' (Quy Chau-Quang Tay), Tieu Lieu (Tieu Tac-Lieu Chau) va tuyen Que' Viet (Quang Tay-Quang Ddng). VCing Hoa Nam va Hoa Dong cua Trung Quoc cd the thong qua tuyen Que Viet va Que TUdng di qua Nam Ninh, Bang TUdng va di vao Viet Nam. Ciing vdi mang ludi dUdng s i t lien A dang xay diing tuyen nay se di qua Thai Lan, MaLaixia, Singapore va trci t h a n h con dUdng t h u a n tien noi Trung Quoc vdi cac nUdc Dong Nam A.
Ve dudng bo, Quang Tay cd cac tuyen quoc 16 cao toe chinh di ngang nhU Trung Khanh-Tram Giang, Hoanh Dudng-Cdn Minh, noi Mdng Cd-Bic Hai, San Vi-Thanh Thuy Ha... cCing vdi eac dUdng cao toe khac ngang doc trong pham vi Quang Tay nhU Nam Ninh-
^uidag Chau. Khu vUc Tay Nam Trung Quoc qua cac con dUdng tren thong qua Nam Ninh, B l n g TUdng ket no'i vdi dUdng qud'c lo 1 xuyen B l e Nam cua Viet Nam
DUdng h a n g khong cd 5 cang h a n g khong: la Nam Ninh, Que Lam, B l e Hai, Lieu Chau, Ngo Chau vdi hdn 100 tuyen
bay nd'i cac t h a n h phd' trong va ngoai nUde"
N h u v^y, theo bUde p h a t trien ciia he tho'ng giao thong van tai, Q u a n g Tay trci t h a n h chu no'i giao lUu hdp tac giiia Trung Quoc va cac nUdc trong khd'i ASEAN trong dd cd Vict Nam, eiing nhU trci t h a n h ndi dau tU h a p d i n cho cac doanh nghiep cua nhieu nUdc. Vi vay day n h a n h va m a n h hdn niia viec xay dUng he thd'ng giao thong ke't no'i giiia Quang Tay (Trung Qud'c) vdi Quang Ninh (Viet Nam) se tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho viec thie't l&p quan he toan dien giiia hai dia phUdng, tii dd thiic diy quan he lang gieng hutu nghi hdp tac va phat trien. Canh dd xay diing he tho'ng giao thdng ket no'i hai tinh trong nhiing nam gan day cdn trd t h a n h mot trong nhiing noi dung quan trong cua chien lUdc hdp tac "Hai h a n h lang, mot vanh dai kinh te Viet-Trung", bdi giao thd'ng ke't nd'i hai dia phiidng nay p h a t trien con m a n g mot y nghia to ldn trong viec thiic day giao lUu kinh te thUdng mai, du lich, van hda...giiia hai niidc Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c vdi cac nUdc trong cong dong Ddng N a m A rong ldn.
2. Thuc trang xay dung he thong giao thong ket noi Quang Tay Quang Ninh trong khuon kho hap tac "Hai hanh lang, mot vanh dai"
Y thiic dUdc t a m q u a n trong ciia viec xay diing he tho'ng giao thong k e t no'i hai tinh Quang Tay va Q u a n g Ninh, trong cac cuoc gap gd giuta hai ben, cac nha lanh dao da d a n h nhiing liu tien dac biet cho viec b a n bac trao ddi va tho'ng
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NGHIEN CllU TRUNG OUfIC so 1(125) - 2012Xay dung he thong giao thong ket noi.
n h a t nhiing ke hoach cd lien quan den van de nay, dac biet la trong thdi gian gan day, vi van de nay ed anh hUcing triic tie'p de'n eac linh vUc hdp tac khac nhU: dau tU, giao thUdng, du lich. Hdn niia Quang Ninh va Quang Tay deu nam trong du an xay diing " hai h a n h lang mot vanh dai giiia T r u n g Qud'e va Viet Nam", do dd hai ben quan tam hdp tac dau tu xay diing cd sci ha tang la tie'n trinh t^'t ye'u cua qua trinh hdp tae song phUdng giiia hai quo'e gia, hdp tac khu viic Trung Qud'c-ASEAN-Viet Nam.
Trong thdi gian qua Quang Tay va Quang Ninh dac biet quan tam den viec nang cap, xay diing cd sci ha tang tai cac khu kinh te ciia k h a u ciia hai ben nhU:
Nha kiem soat lien nganh c^a khau Hoanh Md Dong Tong, n h a kiem hda va chd nd'i lien dUdng van chuyen hang hda tai eiia k h a u B l e Phong Sinh, cap cvia k h a u Mdng Cai-Dong HUng, cau B l e Luan 2. Dd'i vdi cae tuyen dUdng giao thdng r a bien gidi, h a i ben hdp tac k h a n trUdng cai tao qud'c lo 18 doan Mdng DUdng-Mdng Cai, qud'e Id 18e r a ciia khau Hoanh Md, dUdng 340 r a cxia k h a u Ble Phong Sinh, san bay Van Don, qud'c lo 4A-4B nd'i Cao B i n g - L a n g Sdn-Quang Ninh, san bay Van Don, cang Cai Lan, cu the:
Dd'i vdi dudng bp, theo Quye't dinh 412/QD-TTg ngay 11/4/2007^ cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, tuyen cao td'e Ha Noi- Hai Phdng va H a Long se dUde khcii cdng xay dung vao n a m 2008 bang hinh thiic dau t u BOT; tuyen Ddng HUng-Mdng Cai-Ha Long-Hai Phdng, phia Trung Quo'e da hoan t h a n h doan N a m Ninh-
Ddng HUng va dUdng cap 2 Phdng Thanh-Dong HUng, vi vay phia Chinh phii Viet Nam ma cu the la chinh quyen Quang Ninh se day n h a n h tie'n do xay diing tuyen cao td'e Ha Long-Mdng Cai dai 170km b l n g vd'n ODA cua Trung Qud'c, khcii cdng nam 2010 va se hoan t h a n h trong vdng 5 nam.
Ve dudng bien, cang Cai Lan dUdc xay dUng t h a n h cang nUdc sau ldn nha't mien Ble, ddng vai trd la trung tam trung chuyen hang hda cho hanh lang Ha Noi- Hai Phong-Quang Ninh. Ben canh dd, hai ben cdn hdp tac phat trien dUdng thiiy noi dia nhU mci rong cang sdng va khdi phuc cac tuyen dUdng sdng nd'i lien Ha Noi-Quang Ninh...Phia Quang Tay thie't lap cang bao thue' Kham Chau va cai tao, nang cao nang liic bo'c dd cua cae cang ciia k h a u len 100 trieu tan. Ddng thdi hai ben da tich cUc hdp tac xay diing cau nd'i qua sdng B l e Luan, tao dieu kien cho viec thdng thUdng dUdc t h u a n ldi giufa hai nUde.
Ve dudng hdng khdng, dU an xay diing san bay qud'c te Van Ddn (Quang Ninh) va san bay Nam Ninh (Quang Tay)
Ve ciia khdu, cha bien gidi, hoan thien he thd'ng chd Mdng Cai vdi 4 k h u chd k h a n g trang hien dai, nang cap cvfa khau Mdng Cai-Dong HUng, Hoanh Md-Dong Tdng, B I C Phong Sinh-Ly Hoa ciing cae chd ci cac k h u kinh te cxia k h a u nay.
Dd'i vdi dudng sdt, nang ca'p tuyen dudng s i t Kep-Ha Long dai 134,55 km, sau dd hien dai hoa he thd'ng thdng tin hen lac; ddng thdi xay diing mdi doan Yen Vien-Pha Lai-cang Cai Lan dai 42
NGHIEN CUIU TRUNG QUOC so 1(125) - 2012
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NGO THi LAN PHLTONG
km dc tang cUdng n a n g lUc vAn tai hang tii cang nay ve Ila Noi'" Phia Qu;ing Tay tie'p tuc hoan t h a n h xay diing 21 tuyen dUdiig sat nd'i Quang Tay vdi cae tinh noi dia Trung (^udc va cae tinh von bitMi gidi Viet Nam.
Qua dam phan giiia Sd Giao thdng ()uang Ninh va Ty Giao thdng Quang Tiiy, 111' nam 2000 hai ben da tien h a n h khai thdng cac tuyen xe Tien Yen-Phong Thanh va Ha Long-Bae Hai-Nam Ninh... Tii nam 2006, hai ben da td chiic dUdc tram giao dich van tai qua e;inh hang hda va h a n h khaeh tai cap ciia khau Mong Cai-Dong HUng va t h a m gia chUdng trinh siia ddi Hiep dinh van tai dUdng bo Viet-Trung. Quang Tay va Quang Ninh da t h a n h lap cd quan quan ly van tai dUdng bo d a t tai k h u viic ciia khau de quan ly, cap phep, kiem tra cac phUdng tien van tai dUdng bo qua lai hai ben bien gidi. Tinh trong n a m 2008 da cd tdi xap xi 30 ngan lUdt phUdng tien van tai xuat n h a p canh qua bien gidi trong dd chu yeu qua ciia k h a u Mdng Cai Ddng H u n g . "
Thiic hien ehUdng t r i n h hdp tae "Hai hanh lang, mot vanh dai" va trong khudn khd hdp tae da phUdng giuta cac tinh bien gidi B l e Viet Nam (Cao Bang- Lang Sdn-Ha Giang-Lao Cai-Quang Ninh) vdi Quang Tay-Trung Qud'c, cac ben da cam ke't day n h a n h xay diing cd sci ha t i n g giao thdng dau md'i phuc vu cho hdp tac p h a t trien cua moi dia phUdng. Tinh de'n n a m 2010, phia Quang Tay da trien khai k h a n h a n h viec dau t u xay diing va n a n g cap he thd'ng giao thdng dau md'i tut sau noi dia Trung
Qud'c tdi ciia k h a u Ddng HUng. Tuy nhien phia (^uang Ninh hoat dong nay trien khai eon chAm, vi vay tinh trang ehung ve ed sci ha t a n g giao thdng ciia Quang Ninh so vdi trUdc ddi mdi cd thay ddi song quy md ehUa ldn, chUa hien dai va ddng bo, neu so s a n h vdi phia Quang Tay-Trung Qud'c thi la mot sii khSp khieng ldn do vay a n h hudng khdng nho de'n hieu qua hdp tae giiia hai dia phUdng.
Trong thdi gian tdi de day nhanh chUdng trinh hdp tac "Hai h a n h lang, mot vanh dai", hai tinh Q u a n g Tay va Quang Ninh can phai day n h a n h tie'n do thiic hien cac dii an ve giao thdng van tai phuc vu hdp tac giao lUu moi mat giiia hai dia phUdng. Dudi day la mot so' giai phap tac gia dUa ra t r e n cd sd thiic te va thu t h a p t h a m khao tai lieu dia phUdng, gdp p h a n thiic day quan he hdp tac giiia hai tinh va h a i niidc Viet-Trung ngay cang p h a t trien
3. Mot so giai p h a p p h a t trien giao thong ket noi hai tinh Q u a n g Tay va Q u a n g Ninh t r o n g k h u o n kho "Hai hanh lang, mot vanh d a i ' '
Qua tim hieu thute t r a n g xay diing giao thdng k e t no'i h a i dia phUdng Quang Ninh va Q u a n g Tay, cd t h e ndi r i n g hai ben da cd nhieu hoat dong hdp tac tich cUc va cd hieu qua, song do cd set h a tang giao thong giQa hai ben p h a t trien chiia can xiing (Quang N i n h k6m p h a t trien hdn) cho nen de thiet lap dUdc he tho'ng giao thdng hien dai, ddng bo, hai ben c i n cd sii quan t a m d l u tii hdn niia dac biet la do'i vdi Q u a n g Ninh, va cang c i n co sii
62
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG 0U6c so 1(125) - 2012Xay dung he thong giao thong ket noi...
chung tay gdp siic cung n h a u day m a n h xay diing he thd'ng dUdng ke't nd'i nay giiia hai tinh, cd nhU vay thi trUdc he't la viec di lai, thdng thUdng sau la cae hoat dong hdp tae khae mdi ed dieu kien t h u a n ldi de p h a t trien. Mud'n vay hai dia phUdng can chu ddng tich ciie thUc hien mot so' giai p h a p sau:
Cae ben e l n t a n g eUdng hdp tae trong cac linh viic xay diing cd sci ha t i n g ki thuat, ha tang cdng nghiep dieh vu; tang cUdng hdp tae trong viec thu xe'p ngudn vd'n va hdp tae ki t h u a t dd'i vdi cac dii an lien ke't mang lUdi dUdng s i t , dUdng bo, thiic day p h a t trien hdp tac trong khudn khd "hai h a n h lang, mot vanh dai"; tao cd che chinh saeh Uu dai eho cac doanh nghiep va n h a d a u tU cac ben t h a m gia du an va kinh doanh.
Dd'i vdi Quang Ninh, trong thdi gian tdi e l n cd cac chinh saeh t h u hiit, keu goi cac nha d l u tU, cac tap doan kinh te ed kinh nghiem, ed k h a n a n g tai chinh ciia Quang Tay dau tU xay diing cae dii an cd sci ha tang va eac k h u cdng nghiep cua cac dia phUdng
Hai ben can nghien ciiu, de nghi cap tren sdm siia ddi, bd sung Hiep dinh van tai dUdng bo va Nghi dinh thU hUdng d i n thiic hien phii hdp vdi tinh hinh thiic te ddng thdi hai dia phUdng e l n day n h a n h td'e do hdp tae xay diing he thd'ng giao thong ke't no'i hai tinh vdi n h a u va vdi ndi dia hai nUde.
Hien nay, cong tac p h a n gidi e l m md'c da hoan t h a n h , h a i ben sdm thd'ng n h a t ve chu trUdng, thie't bi ki t h u a t -va phUdng an thi cong dau nd'i cac dUdng bo
qua bien gidi tai cae cap ciia khau, chd bien gidi de tao t h u a n ldi cho nhan dan hai ben qua lai giao lUu, budn ban.
Ne'u thiic hien t h a n h cdng cae giai phap tren, trong mot tUdng lai khdng xa td'e do phat trien khdng ehi trong linh viic ed sci ha t i n g ma tdc do hdp tac tren moi linh vUe giuta hai tinh se r a t manh me va hiia hen se dat nhieu t h a n h tUu rUc rd hdn nuta.
CHU THICH:
' Tran Dinh Thien: Gid tri chien lUpc cua hai hdnh lang, mgt vdnh dai kinh te Viet- Trung, NCTQ so 2 '(66)-2006, tr.35-36
2 Lich svt hai quan QN (2005), tr6-7
^ Lich sv< hai quan QN, tr.l4 '' Lich sii hai quan QN, t r . l l
^ Lich sii hai quan QN, tr.l2
^ Vi Thu Tien: Ddy nhanh xdy dUng dudng ket ndi Qudng Tdy-Viet Nam, thuc ddy hpp tdc Trung Quoc- ASEAN, Trung tam nghien ciiu KT-CT Dong Nam A-Quang Tay
^ Vi Thu Tien (2005): Day nhanh xdy dung dudng ket ndi Qudng Tdy-Viet Nam, Trung tam nghien ciiu KT-CT Dong Nam A- Quang Tay
^ Trang web Quang Tay Wikipedia tieng Viet: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quang_Tay
^ Nguyen Ba An (2008): Ddy mgnh hpp tdc xdy diing cd sd hg tdng, gidi phdp quan trgng de thuc ddy phdt trien hai hdnh lang, mdt vdnh dai kinh te Viet-Trung, NCTQ so' 1, tr.44
^° Nguyen Ba An (2009): Bdy mgnh xdy diing cd sd hg tdng, gidi phdp quan trgng phdt trien hpp tdc hai hdnh lang, mdt vdnh
dai kinh te Viet-Trung, NCTQ so' 1, tr.47 11 UBND tinh Quang Ninh, Bao cao ke't qua help tac giiia Quang Ninh v6i khu tu tri dan toe Choang-Quang Tay, ngay 10/9/2010
NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 1(125) - 2012
