NGHIEN c u u
Xay dung he sinh thai FINTECH:
thuc ti6n va khuyen nghi cho Met Nam
H o ^ X u a n L t o
Tmong Dai hoc Cong nghe va Quan ly Huu Nghj
Cdng nghe tai chinh (Financial Technology vilt tdt la Fintech), la mdt thuat ngfl duge ap dung trong viec kit hgp tai chinh va cdng nghe d l hinh Ihanh eac giai phap sang tao trong cac dich vu lai chinh. Nhtrng nam gan day, bdt ddu cd su tham gia cua cdc cdng ty Fintech, da gdp phan md rdng quy md cung flng dich vy tai chinh tai Viet Nam. Tuy nhiln, sd lugng it cac cdng ty Fintech tham gia; co che, chinh sach cdn tilp tyc hoan thien cho Fintech phat triln .. da lam cho boat ddng cung flng dich vy tai chinh ed nhting ban e h l cdn khde phyc trong thdi gian tiep theo. Vdi hudng tiep cdn Fintech ve nam yeu td cua he sinh thai, qua kinh nghiem thuc tiln phat trien b l sinh thai Fintech tai cae nude, bai vilt dua ra mpt sd d l xudt nhdm hoan thien va phat trien h | sinh thai Fintech, lao dilu kien cho hoat dpng Fintech tai Viet Nam phat trien trong thdi gian tdi.
1. Khai quat ve he sinh thai Fintech
Fintech la thudt ngu dung de md ta viec su dyng cdng nghe trong eac dich vy tai chinh. Cac cdng ty Fintech thudng la cdc doanh nghiep mdi thanh lap su dung cac md hinh kinh doanh mdi va sdn phdm mdi canh tramh vdi cdc djch vu ngan hang cdt Idi, bao bilm hoac thanh toan (ASIC, 2016). Ddn nay, vai trd eua Fintech ngay cang quan trpng thong qua ket ndi nam yeu td efla he sinh thai Fintech. Theo In Lee (2016), mpt he sinh thai cdng sinh va dn dinh se thflc ddy Fintech phat triln. Nam ylu td cfla he sinh thai Fintech bao gdm:
Mpt la, eac cdng ty khdi nghiep Fintech: Cae cong ty nay Id tmng tam eua he sinh thai, tae ddng dang ke den cdc dich vy tai chinh vdi chi phi hoat dpng thap, nhdm vao nhilu thj trudng ngach va cung cdp nhilu djch vg cho cd nhan ban td chuc tai chinh tmyen thdng.
Hai la, nha phat triln cdng nghe: Nha phat trien edng nghe cung cap nln tang ky thuat tao ra moi trudng thuan Igi cho eac cong ty khdi nghiep Fintech ap dung cong nghe de cai tidn nhilu dich vu,.
Ba la, cae nha quan ly chinh sach: Cac nha quan ly chinh sach da tao moi trudng phap ly thuan Igi cho Fintech. Cae quy djnh tao dilu kien thuan lai cho cac edng ty khdi nghiep Fintech cung cap nhieu dich vu tai chinh vdi loi the la it tdn kem va khach hang d l tiep can hem nhtmg dich vu tmyen thdng.
Bdn la, khach bang tai chinh: Gom ca nhan va td chuc, tao ngudn doanh thu cho cdng ty Fintech. Ben canh ngudn doanh thu tir nhdm khach hang to chuc thi nhdm khdch hang ca nhan va eac doanh nghiep nhd va vua cflng mang lai doanh thu vugt troi va tao sg tang budng cfla dich vu Fintech.
Nam la, cac td ehflc tai chinh buyln thdng: La cac ngan hang tmyen thdng, cdng ty bao hilm, cdng ty chting khoan, nha ddu tu mao hiem. Cae td chuc nay la ddng lye chinh trong he sinh thai Fintech, cdc md hinh kinh doanh cua cae td chuc tai chinh tmyIn thdng duge danh gia lai va phat triln cdc chiln luge d l ndm bat su ddi mdi cua Fintech.
Qua tilp can he sinh thai Fintech cho thdy, cdc yeu td cfla he sinh thai Fintech cdng sinh vdi nhau va gdp phdn cai tiln, kich thich nln kinh te, thflc ddy hgp tac va canh tranh trong ITnh vyc tai chinh va eudi cflng la mang lai Igi ich cho khach hang. Cdng nghe mdi duge tmg dung bdi nhflng cong ty Fintech gia nhap thi tnidng va ca nhting dinh c h i tai chinh tmyen thdng tao nln sg thay ddi co ban nganh djch vu tai chinh trong thuc bin tai nhilu qudc gia.
2. Thvc tien phat trien he sinh thai Fintech tai cac qudc gia
cae ylu td cua he sinh thai Fintech tai nhilu qudc gia duge hoan thien va ngay cang phat triln, tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho boat ddng Fintech. Trong dd:
Thu nhdt, cdc edng ty Fintech: Tai nhieu nude cae cdng ty Fintech thge su la tmng tam eua he sinh'thai (Bang 1), eac cdng ty nay tac ddng den nhung linh vuc hoat dpng cfla Fintech, cung cdp ngay cang nhilu san phdm, dich vy cho cd nhan va doanh nghiep nhilu han Id chuc tai chinh tmyIn thdng.
Thu hai, cae nha phat trien cdng nghe, nha ddu tu- Cung vdi cae edng ty Fintech, cac nha ddu tu van Fintech, cae ePng ty phat trien cdng nghe v^ CJQ JJ- Idn (Big data), giao dien lap trinh flng (j^p (Application Programming Interface - API), flng dun^
tri tue nhan tao cua khoa hge may tinh (Machin
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Tt CHAU A - T H i llearning - ML), ling dyng vl b-ai nghilm, cdm nhdn cua ngudi dung (User experience - UX), Blockchain;
ung dyng cdng nghe lien ngdnh ky thuat vd khoa hge bao gdm ky thuat eo khi, ky thuat di|n, khoa hge may tinh vd cac nganh khac (Robotics); xu ly ngdn ngu tu nhien (Natural language processing - NLP),...
Thu ba, cae nha quan ly chinh sdch: Tai nhilu qudc gia, phat triln Fintech la mdt trong nhtrng cam kit duoc thuc hien cfla eac nha quan ly chinh sach;
vile thuc ddy md rdng hoat ddng, tao mdi trudng thudn loi cho phat bien san phdm, dich vu va md hinh kinh doanh cflng vdi nhiing thay doi manh me ede quy djnh va hoan thiln chi'nh sach cho Fintech phdt trien la mdt trong nhiing muc tilu hang ddu tai nhilu qudc gia.
Thfl tu, khach hang tai chinh: Ngay cang nhilu ngudi tilu dung hon su dyng cae san pham, dich vy tu cae nha cung cdp dich vy tai chinh phi tmyIn thdng.
Theo bao cao hoat ddng Fintech todn cdu, ty le khdch hang sii dung san phdm, dich vti Fintech ddi vdi thanh toan, chuyin tiln, tai chinh ca nhan, vay ca nhan va tidt kl|m Idn luge la: 84%, 68%, 60%, 56%, va 49%
(Pwe, 2017), cho thay lugng khach hang thudng xuyIn tien hanh hoat ddng thanh toan, chuyin tiln va su dung nhilu hon cae san phdm dich vy tai chinh vdi cdc cdng ty Fintech.
Thu nam, cac td ehflc tdi chinh tmyIn thdng: Ket qua khao sat, da sd cae nha cung cdp dich vy tai chinh cd dy djnh md rdng hgp tdc vdi cdc edng ty Fintech;
82% cdc nha cung cap dich vu tdi chinh tmyIn thdng cd y dinh hgp tac vdi cac cdng ty Fintech trong 3 d i n 5 nam tdi; 77% mong mudn su dyng blockchain nhu la mOt phdn cfla h i thdng hoat dpng bong nam 2020 va ede td ehflc tdi chinh tmyIn thdng ky vpng nhan duge Igi tuc ddu tu bung binh la 20% cho cdc du dn liln quan den Fintech (Pwe, 2017). Nhuvay, giua hai bin hinh thanh mdt nhan thuc chung vl cac cdng ty khcri nghilp Fintech cdn khd ndng tilp edn vdn va ngudn khdch hdng cfla cae td ehflc tdi chinh tmyen thdng; cdc td chuc tai chinh tmyIn thdng s i gidi quylt cdc vdn de vl hd thdng edng nghi, nang cao ehdt lugng va ti|n ich cac cfla dich vy tai chinh, md rdng hoat ddng tmyIn thdng khdch hang tu boat ddng hgp tac vdi eac cdng ty Fintech.
3. Phat trien he sinh thai Fintech tai Viet Nam Tai Vilt Nam, theo Fintech News (2017), Vi|t Nam cd 48 edng ty Fintech va 48% edng ty tham gia vao boat dgng thanh toan, cung cdp cho khach hang va cae nha ban le cac dich vu thanh toan trgc tuyIn hoac cae giai phap thanh todn ky thuat sd. Mdt sd it cdng ty boat ddng trong linh vgc gpi vdn, chuyin tiln, Blockchain, qudn ly tdi chinh cd nhan, qudn ly POS, quan ly dfl lilu, cho vay va so sanh thdng tin (Bang 3). So vdi mdt sd qudc gia trong khu vyc cho thdy, sd lugng cdc cdng ty Fintech tai Viet Nam cdn kha it; tai Indonesia, da
tang budng nhanh chdng vl san phdm dich vy va cac cdng ty Fintech bong nhiing nam gdn ddy, theo Hilp hdi Fintech Indonesia xac dinh cd khodng 120 cdng ty Fintech trong nude vao cudi 2016; tai Singapore, tinh d i n thdng 11/2016 cd hon 300 cdng ty khdi nghilp Fintech, hon 20 ngan hang toan cdu, cdc edng ty bdo hilm da thiet lap eac van phdng va tmng tam nghiln ciiu ddi mdi d Singapore (Clipford Chance, 2017).
Ve chinh sdch phat triln Fintech, d i n nay Chinh phfl da ban hanh nhilu chuang trinh, d l an lidn quan den phat triln Fintech; bong dd, tdp tmng vdo hoan thien, tao l^p khung khd hanh lang phap ly, tao mdi trudng thuan Igi d l phat biln da dang san pham dich vy; xay dung, phat triln kit cdu ha tdng, cdc md hinh kinh doanh, he thdng thanh todn di|n tfl; xay dyng cdng thdng tin khdi nghilp; hd trg kinh phi, ddo tao,...
Ben canh, vile thanh lap Ban Chi dao vi linh vgc cdng nghe tai chinh cfla Ngan hang Nha nude (NHNN) da thi hi|n chinh sach tap tmng cho cac giai phap nhdm hoan thi|n he sinh thai, hoan thien khudn khd phap ly ebo Fintech d Viet Nam phat triln. Day la cac Chuong trinh, Bk an rat quan trpng ddi vdi phat trien Fintech, cac chinh sach da tdng quan vl nhiing kit qud dat duge trong phat biln dich vy ngan hang theo xu the nang cao trinh dp hien dai, tien ich va hieu qua.
Theo Thdi bao Ngan hang (2017), trong nhflng nam qua, NHNN chu ddng trong viec tidp can vdn de vd ddi thoai vdi cac doeinh nghiep trong linh vuc Fintech, tao dieu ki|n cho vile gia nhap thi trudng. Tu nam 2008, NHNN da nghien ciiu va cho phIp nhilu cdng ty khdng phai la ngan hang cung flng dich vu thanh toan.
Din nay, sau khi thilt lap khudn khd phap ly tuong ddi rd rang, NHNN da cdp phep hoat ddng chinh thiic cho cdc td chde cung ting dich vu tmng gian thanh toan.
Linh vgc Fintech la linh vue day tilm nang tai Vilt Nam xet theo quy md dan sd va Igi thi so sanh vl ngudn nhan luc trong linh vuc cdng nghi thdng tin.
Khung khd phap ly quan ly cfla Viet Nam vl eo ban mdi chi dap ting duge mgt phan cho linh vyc cdng nghe tai chinh trong thanh todn, khung khd phdp ly chua hodn thiln va ddng bd cho cae linh vgc tai chinh khde. Hoat ddng efla cac cdng ty Fintech tai Vilt Nam vdn edn trong giai doan ddu, chua da dang hda sdn phdm va dich vy, phdn Idn id hoat dgng thanh toan.
Mdt trong nhirng nguyen nhan la sd lugng ngudi su dung cae dich vu ngan hang chua eao, chu ylu la rflt tien tfl tai khoan va ngan hang vdn chilm phdn Idn thi phdn ede djch vy tai chinh.
4. Mdt SO de xuat hoan thien he sinh thai Fintech tai Viet Nam
4.1. Hodn thiln co ehl, chinh sach
Hoan thien ddy du, ddng bd co chd, chinh sach thuc day phdt triln boat ddng Fintech, bao gdm:
Thu nhat, xay dyng ddy dfl va dong bp cae quy dinh
H Tt CHAU A - T H A I
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vl Fintech: Thilt lap cae quy tdc va quy dinh cho hd Fintech bong tai chinh doanh nghiep, tai chinh ca sinh thai Fintech. Trong dd quy dinh rd cac md hinh nhan, thanh toan, tai chinh tieu dflng, cho vay buc kinh doanh cua cdng ty Fintech, eac loai hinh boat tuydn; quan ly tai san, quan ly nil ro Fintech,..-
4.3. T&ng cudng hop lac v& gia tang ddu tu Ddi vdi ddu tu, nha nude ddu tu hd bg vao nghien ciiu va phat biln cdng nghe, truyin thdng, quang ba boat dpng Fintech cflng vdi tgo sg kit ndi bong ddu tu, khai thac va hpp tac chat che giiia cae cdng ty edng nghi, vien thPng, eac cpng ty Fintech, ngan hang, td ehiic tai chinh, td chtrc va ca nhan sfl dung san phdm, dich vg Fintech. Ben canh, tiep tyc thge hien lien kit vdi cac td chiic khoa hpc va cdng ngh|, vien nghien ciiu, tnidng dai hoc trong nghien eflu, flng dyng chuyen giao cdng nghe se hd trg, tu vdn ddu tu, Iga chgn cdng nghe dau tu, phdn mIm flng dung cd hieu qua cho doanh nghiep. Ddu tu efla doanh nghiep va cac td ehflc tai chinh se lya ehpn cdng nghe va phdn mIm ling dung Fintech theo hudng se gia tang su dung tri thdng minh nhan tao d l ed nhtmg flng dyng tao ra eac san phdm dich vy tai chinh da dang, nhilu tiln ich, thay thd cho cdc san phdm, djch vu tdi chinh tmyIn thdng. Ddu tu eua doanh nghiep hudng vao cdng nghe vl du lieu Idn, mang ngang hang, nhdn dien ky thudt sd, ML, UX, NLP, cdng nghe Blockchain, Robotics,...se trd thanh mdt nln tang eo sd ha tdng quan trpng cho viec phdt biln Fintech trong thdi gian tdi./.
ddng cfla cPng ty ddu tu va quy ddu tu khdi nghiep sang tao; xac djnh cy thi dia vj phap ly, md hinh td chuc, boat ddng, quyln Igi, trach nhiem va nghia vy eac bin liln quan din boat ddng cfla cac cdng ty nay va cdc quy ddu tu khdi nghilp sang tao.
Thu hai, thiet lap chfnh sach, bao gdm thidt Idp cac muc blu kinh t l va cac chinh sach tdng the cho he sinh thai Fintech: Hinh thanh myc tieu kinh te va cac chinh sach phat triln kinh t l tdng the, theo nganh va dia phuang, tao dinh hudng cho boat ddng Fintech cung ling san phdm, djch vy phu hgp. Ben canh dd, cd cae chinh sach miln, giam thue; chinh sach hd bg tilp can cac ngudn tai bg, td ehflc sg kien miln phi;
ho trg bong dao tao nhan Igc va cd van ky thuat, xay dgng mdi trudng than thiln va dn dinh cho eac bin tham gia vao hogt ddng Fintech ngay cang phat trien.
Thu ba, hinh thanh cac tmng tam va Hiep hdi Fintech: Ben canh hocit ddng efla Ban Chi dao vl linh vgc Fintech, cdn hinh thdnh cdc tmng tam Fintech tai cdc khu vuc, thanh phd Idn vdi vai trd la tmng tam nang cao nhan thuc, nudi dudng, true tilp ho bp cac dilu kien chuyen mdn, ky thuat va hudng dan chinh sach cho sy phat triln cua Fintech. Ddng thdi, thanh lap Hilp hdi Fintech la tiing ndi efla cdng ddng Fintech, t^o liln kit giiia cac td chuc, ca nhan tham gia vdi cac nha qudn ly bong vile hoach dinh chinh sach.
4.2. Dao tao nguon nhan luc
Cdn ed quy djnh va khuyin khich cac eo sd dao tao t l chuc dao tao nhan lye cho phat triln he sinh thai Fintech d cdc cdp do va chuong trinh dao tao bao gdm cae ndi dung:
Mdt la, vl tdng quan: Chuong trinh se cung cdp cho ngudi hpc mdt cai nhin tdng quan vl thi gidi luPn phat triln efla Fintech, giup ngudi hpc hilu cac nguyen tdc eua tai chinh hien dai va phat trien cac ky nang cdn thilt.
Hai la, vl cong nghe: Dao tao tap tmng vao phat biln cdng nghe vl du lieu Idn, tmyen thong xa hdi, API, ML, UX, NLP, Robotics; mang ngang hang, ngan hang sd, cdng thanh toan, phan tich du lieu, nhan dien ky thuat so,...
Ba la, vl quan ly cdng nghe: Chuong trinh dao tao hudng vao phan tich cdng nghe, bdo mat, an ninh thdng tin, hien dai hda cdng nghe thdng tin cfla doanh nghilp, h | thdng thdng tin tai chinh, quan ly ung dyng cdng nghe, dao due trong quan ly edng nghi,...
Bdn Id, vl sdn phdm va dich vy Fintech: Tap tmng vao dao tao eac ung dyng phat triln dich vu dya bin nln tang cdng nghe bao gdm dao tao chuyen sau vl phan Uch Fintech thdng qua md hinh hda tin dung, Bloekehains dya b i n du li|u; tu vdn buc hiyin va he thdng hda hoat ddng thuong mai; cac ting dyng
ASIC's Approach and http://downIoad.
Tai iieu tham l(hao ASIC (2016), Fintech:
Regulatory Issues,
asic.gov.aii/media/3962105/melbourne-money-and- finance-conference-2016-fintech.pdf
Baker McKenzie (2017), Intemational Comparative Fintech Overview, http://rinancialinstitutions.bakerm- ckenzie.com/wp-content/Baker_Mc Kenzie- Fintech_regulabon_comparison_June2017.pdf
Deloitte (2017), The Connecting Global FinTech:
Interim Hub Review 2017, https://www2.deloilte.com/content/Doeuments/lnnov ation/deloitte-uk-con necting-global-finteeh-hub-fed- eration-innotribe-innovate-finanee.pdf
FinTech News (2017), Viebiam FinTech Startups, http://fintechnews.sg/vietnam-fintech-startups/
Thdi bao ngan hang (2017), Fintech - Xu hudng phat triln va khuyin nghi ddi vdi NHNN Viet Nam http://thoibaonganhang.vn/Fintech-xu-huong-phat- trien-va-khuyen-nghi-doi-voi-nbnn-61520.html
Pham Anh Tudn (2017), Cdn h i sinh thai lanh m^nh cho "cay non" Fintech, http://tinnhan- hchungkhoan.vn/ben-te/ean-he-sinh-thai-lanh-manh- cho-cay-non-Fintech-204859.hbnl
40 ,1 BiNH DUONH
