xu HlTOfNG

MAHTIiMAHLY

x u HlTOfNG ITNG DUNG CONG NGHE 4.0 TRONG SAN XUAT NONG NGHIEP VA HAM Y

CHINH SACH CHO VIET NAM

• HOANG THI HUONG - LE THI XUAN QUYNH - PHAM PHU MINH

T6IVI T A T :

Vi$t Nam dang trong tihn trinh phat trign nong nghidp theo buong day m^nh c^c img d\mg cfing ngh? (CN) 4.0. Hudng di niy bude dSu da dug^c diln khai vi dem lai nhihig k6t qui tich c ^ gdp phin CO c4u 1^ khu v^c ndng nghi€p. Tuy nhien, Ah ndng nghi^ Vi^t Nam b^t kjp xu ibk phat triin cua thdi d^i, Nhi nude ddng vai trd quan trpng trong v i ^ dinh hudng phit triin rd ring. Ddng thdi, c ^ dua ra cic chinh sich h5 trg hgp 1;^ cho phit triin ndng nghidp 4.0 vdi Id trinh ci^ the, cd tfnh khi thi, dim bao cin ddi dCi ngudn Ivrc th^c h i ^ .

Bii viit phfin tich xu hudng iing dyng cong ngh? 4.0 trong sin xuit ndng nghidp vi him y chinh sfich cho Vi§l Nam trong thdi gian tdi.

Tir khda: Ndng nghidp 4.0, Cdng ngh$ 4.0, Chinh sich 4.0.

1. Xu htnhig trng d ^ n g CN 4.0 trong san tttit n5ng nghifp t^i Vift Nam

Cdng ngh? 4.0 dugc hifiu kha thong nhat la cic CN CO tinh dpt pha t h i he thijr ttr dugc ket hgp tir cic thanh tiru trong ITnh v^c s6 hoa, vjt Iy va CN sinh hgc. C6 the thay, cot loi ciia CN 4.0 chinh l i CN p h i n m i m d l thu thap di H^u, so hoa va phan tich ca sd dir li^u, ket ndi vpn v§t va dua ra cac quylt dinh mgt each thong minh ttjr kit qua phan tich. CN p h i n mim dugc lip dit tren CN phfin cung (co t h i 14 CN ciia the hf thii hai, thu ba) tao nen sir dpt phi va tic d$ng den qua trinh san xuat cac nganh, cac linh vi;c trong dai song kinh te - xa hpi cua con ngudi.

Doi vdi nginh nong nghi?p, CN 4.0 co Ihe mang igi nhihig t i c d^ng tich cue, nhat la ddi vdi cac nude dang phat triin v i tham chi la c i cac nude phit t r i i n [2]. CJ Viet Nam, nganh nong nghifp v i n dong vai tro quan trgng trong n i n kinh t l (chilm 13,96%

GDP, 34% luc lugng lao dpng ctia ca nude n i m 2019). Tuy nhien, san xuat nong nghifp (SXNN) con phu thugc nhieu vao bien dgng ctia thdi tilt, nang suat lao dgng (NSLD) ciia nganh con thap. Bdi vay, CN 4.0 la c a hpi de Viet Nam nang cao NSLD va phat trien ben v a n g nganh nong nghiep.

Nhung nam g i n day, xu hudng dng dung CN 4.0 trong ITnh vue trong trgt dang ngay cang dinh hinh v i phat trien d Vif t Nam. Co t h i thiy, h i u hit cac nhom CN 4.0 c a ban trong nong nghiep d i u da dugc trien khai hoae bat d i u dugc thu nghiem tai nude ta. Trong do, cae CN dang dugc ap dung nhieu nhat la he th6ng thiit bi m i y mdc dugc k^ thuat so hoa, g i n cam biin va ket noi intemet (loT sensors) va/hoac dugc k i t hgp vdi he th6ng tiha lirdi, nha kinh, nha mang de tao thinh he thdiig canh tac thong minh trong nha, dugc d i l u k h i l n tu dgng hoae ban tu dpng vdi quy trinh khep kin. Tai mgt so doanh nghiep (DN), cac trang trai san xuat tap trung, quy mo tuong

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doi Icm, cSc CN nay dang dupe Ap dung kha dong bp. Co the ke den mgt so vdng san xuat dien hinh dang ung dung cac CN 4.0 nay.

nhu vung trong lua cua T^p doan Lpc Trcri;

mo hinh "Canh tac liia tdt nhSt" cua HTX My Dong phdi hpp vai Cong ty Rynan Smart Fertilizers; cac vung san xuat rau an toan cua VinEco, cua Cong ty Cau Dat Farm, Cdng ty T N H H D a U t G A P , . . .

M$c du, hi^n nay ty 1$ dat san xuat ndng nghifp sii dyng nha ludi, nha kinh, nha mang nudi trdng cay cdn rat thap, chi chiem khoang 0,07% difn tich dat trdng c§y hjing nkm [ I ] , nhimg vi?c Sp dyng cdc CN ndy dang ngay cang md rpng ra nhieu tinh, thanh phd, khdng chi t^i cac tinh, thdnh pho ldm - nhu TP. Hd Chi Minh, Lam Ddng, Hd Npi, Quang Ninh - md con d nhieu tinh, thanh phd khac tren ca nude deu dang cd cac md hinh ung dyng hifu qua cdc CN ndy, nhu: Qudng Ngdi, Kon Turn, Son La, Cao Bdng

Ben c^nh cdc CN cdm bien, h? thdng canh tde thdng minh trong nhd, CN sir dyng den LED dan sdc de cung cap du dnh sdng gitip thuc ddy qua trinh sinh trudng cua cay trdng cung dd dugc dp dyng tgi nhieu ca sd trdng thanh long tir Binh Thujn den Tien Giang, hay trong sdn xudt ndm vd trong hoa d mdt sd dja phuong nhu Bd Rja-Viing Tdu, Hd Npi- Cac phdn mjm iing dyng trong qudn ly, giam sat qud trinh sdn xudt va phan phdi sdn pham trdng trpt cung dd dupe phat trien bdi cdc doanh nghifp Vift, nhu phdn mem Agricheck cua Cdng ty cd phdn Dji Thanh; phdn mem ciia VIFARM kk noi todn cau cho tirng bao gdi sdn xudt, truy xudt dupe ngudn gdc, xudt xu, quy trinh san xuat, quy trinh che bien, thdi gian bdo quan; phdn mem ciia Cdng ty Mimosatek;

phdn mdm Nextfarm QRcheck cua Cdng ty NextFarm; CN dien todn ddm may Akisai cua Tdp dodn FPT hpp tde vdi Fujitsu,... da duprc dua vdo ling dyng tai khdng it co so sdn xudt ndng nghiep d nhieu tinh, thdnh phd.

Ngodi cdc CN dang dupe dp dyng khd hifu qud ndi tren, sdn xudt ndng nghiep Vift Nam hifn nay dang bdt dau thii nghifm iing dung

cdc CN hifn d?i khde nhu: CN may bay khdng ngudi Idi df phun thude bdo vf thyc vjt, bdn phdn; sii dyng robot de gieo hjit ty ddng, robot gdn cdc thift bj cdm bifn df thu thjp vd phan tich dtt lifu, sau dd dua ra quyft djnh chdm sdc cay trdng phii hpp; sii dyng tf bdo quang difn df san xudt difn ndng tir ning lupng mJt trai (NLMT) phyc vy cho SXNN.

Cd thf thay, mdc du chua cd mpt md hinh hodn chinh vd ndng nghifp 4.0 nhung dd cd ngdy cang nhifu CN 4.0 dupe dua vdo thil nghifm vd dp dyng trong SXNN d Vift Nam.

2. Thdch thtrc trong thuc d i y ling dyng CN 4.0 trong SXNN ft Vift Nam

Co hpi va Ipi ich tir ling dyng CN 4.0 vdo ndng nghifp Id rd rdng. Tuy nhifn, df tjn dyng dupe Ipi thf ciia CMCN 4.0 thi cd rat nhifu thdch thiic cdn phdi vupt qua.

Thii nhal, df img dyng CN 4.0 hifu qud trong SXNN phdi dya tren nin tdng cdc thdng sd k^ thuft ed lien quan, tir dd chuyfn hda dii lifu thdnh cdc quyft djnh sdn xudt, kinh doanh tdi uu. Tuy nhien, Vift Nam dang thieu mpt hf thdng co sd dii lifu khoa hpc ddy du, ddng bp vd edp nhdt ve sdn xudt, viing sdn xudt (nhu ede didu kifn vd ddp irng sinh trudng, phdt trif n cua cdy trdng vdi su thay ddi cua cdc yiu td nhift dp, dp dm, lupng mua, edc chdt dinh dudng, cdc thude phdng trir sdu bfnh,...); vd ngdnh hdng (vdi cdc thdng tin thj trudng cung - edu, tieu chudn sdn xudt - tieu diing, bifn ddng gid ca,..); vf thi trudng cdng nghf (nhu cdc loai CN, nhd tu van, nhd eung c i p , mdc dp cung edp, djeh vy bao hdnh CN,...).

Thii hai, quy rad SXNN nhd, manh miin, phdn tdn cimg vdi chi phi ddu tu ban ddu cho vifc dp dyng CN 4.0 vao SXNN thudng cao han nhifu so vdi chi phi sdn xudt thdng thudng, dan den mirc Ipi ieh thu dupe khdng dat hifu qud; ddc bift d cac viing ed dieu kifn kinh t l - xd hpi khd khdn, dja hinh phire tap, chi phi dau tu ban dau cdng ldn, do vay khd thu hiit ddu tu vdo irng dyng CN 4.0 trong SXNN.

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Thu ba, qudn ly thj trudng sdn phdm ldng lio, thyc thi ede quy djnh vf kilm sodt chdt lupng, chiing nhan, ddn nhdn san phdm va

•f sinh an todn thyc phim (VSATTP) trong nifdc hifn nay vdn yiu kem. Dilu ndy da gdy ra sy c»nh tranh khdng edng bdng cho cac lin phim ling dyng CN cao khi ddnh ddng sia phdm cd chit lupng, ddm bao VSATTP vdi cdc sdn pham kem chit lupng ban. Trong khi dd, gid thdnh sdn phim ndng nghifp ung dling CN 4.0 thudng cao hon, ddn tdi gid ban cao hon, bdi vay khd eanh tranh so vdi ede san phim thdng thudng.

Thii lu, thj trudng CN 4.0 trong nude nhin chung chua phdt triin. Mdc dii, ngdy cang cd nhieu Tdp dodn, cdng t;^ tham gia vdo cun|

cip cdc gidi phdp phdn mem CN 4.0, nhung vf CO bdn CO khi trong nude chua ddp irng duac nhu ciu cua phin ciing CN, nhu cdc lo?i md;/

mdc, thiit bj phyc vy SXNN vl chung loai, sd lupng ciing nhu chit lupng Dieu nay lam h^ chi ngudn cung CN ciing vdi chi phi Idp SU CN 4.0 trd nfn ddt do han, cdc djeh vy vjn hdnh, bdo duSng, sua chua vd thay thf CN chua thuiln tifn, ddc bift d cdc dja ban khd khdn.

Thi nam, phdt triin ndng nghiep 4.0 ddi hdi phdi cd ngudn lao ddng chit lupng cao.

Trong khi thyc tl d Vift Nam, ngudn lao dpng chit lupng cao, am hilu ve khoa hpc - ky thuat trong ndng nghiep cdn thieu vd yeu, ldm anh

^udng ldn din vifc tiep can vdi khoa hpc va CN hifn dgi. Ddy Id mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trpng tgo ra thdch thiic ldn khi thuc hien cdc chuang trinh ndng nghifp ing dung CN cao, ddc bift d nhiing viang, mifn cd difu kifn kinh tl - xd hpi khd khan.

Thir sdu, vin dl biin ddi khi hau dang dien ra nhanh vd manh, djeh benh difn bien ngdy cang phue tgp vd khd ludng da tac ddng ldn din cdng tde phan tich, du bdo dl dgt dupe dp chinh xdc tuyf t ddi. Vin dl ndy khien CN phdn tich, dy bdo cac yf u td ty nhif n khd van hanh mft each tii uu vd cd nhiing thay ddi theo kjp vdi cudng dp, dien biin khd ludng ciia thdi tiet, djch bfnh. Mdt khde, nlu dp dyng nhihig

CN, md hinh phdn tich, ddnh gid tde ddng dd Idi thdi, cdng tac phdn tich, du bdo se kem hifu qud va gia tdng chi phi duy tri CN.

3. Ham y chinh sach thuc diy iing dung ndng nghifp 4.0 tai Vift Nam

Df phdt trien ndng nghifp 4.0, vai trd eiia Nhd nude la ddc biet quan trpng trong vifc djnh hudng, dan ddt va ehung tay phdng ngira nii ro ciing vdi cdc thanh phan kinh te khac thuc diy irng dyng CN 4.0 vdo ndng nghifp thdng qua vifc ban hdnh chifn lupc, quy hoaeh vd cdc chinh sach ho trp phii hpp.

ChiSn lucre, quy hogch tong the eho nong nghiep 4.0: iTng dyng CN 4.0 vao ndng nghifp vdn Id ITnh vyc khd mdi me d Vift Nam, chi phi ddu tu khdng rf vd ndu phdt trif n tran Ian cung si gay ra cdc tac dpng tif u eye. Vi vgy, cdn ed chien lupc, quy hogch tdng the phdt triin ndng nghifp 4.0 cua cd nude. Trong do, lya chpn viing sdn xudt vdi cdc logi ndng sdn cy thi va djnh hudng CN sir dung rd rang; di cimg vdi phdt trien ddng bp ea sd hg tang, hf thdng ca sd du- lifu vd ngudn nhdn lyc ddp dng yeu ciu cda ndng nghiep 4.0. Khi Nha nude thay ddi quy hogch ldm anh hudng tieu cue din boat ddng cua DN, hd sdn xudt phdi bdi thudng thda dang vdi muc gia dupe xdc dinh theo gid thj trudng tu cdc td chdc djnh gia chuyf n nghiep dpc lap.

Chinh sdch thuc day lich tu, tap trung ciat dai eho SXNN: Hien nay, dit SXNN cdn nhd, manh mun, phdn tan vd thif u dn djnh dd phin ndo hgn che nhu edu va khd nang iing dung CN 4.0 vdo ndng nghiep. Bdi vgy, chinh sdch cin nghif n ciiu xda bd thdi hgn su dung dit ndng nghiep vd gidi hgn ddi tupng dupe nhan chuyin nhupng quyen su dyng dit ndng nghiep ddi vdi td ehuc, cd nhan id ngudi Vift Nam nhim ddm bdo quyfn su dung ddt dn djnh lau ddi vd binh ddng giiia cdc td ehuc, ca nhdn. Bfn cgnh dd, gidi quylt dirt diem vifc xdc djnh vd thu hdi cae difn tich ddt ddi du, dit su dyng khdng hieu qua cua cac cdng ty ndng, lam nghifp dl chuyen giao vf cho chinh quyln dja phuang qudn ly nhdm tgo quy

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Ngiy nhfn bii: 24/4/2020

Ngiy phin bifn danh gia vi sua chta: 4/5/2020 Ngiy chap nhfn ding bii: 14/5/2020 TTiong tin lac gia:

1. TS. HOANG THI HITCWC

Giing viSn IVllftiig D;i hfc Kinh ll - Dai h9C Qulc gia Hi Nfi 2. ThS. LE TH! XUAN QUYNH

Phd Irudng Ban, Ban NghiSn cihi Kinb tl nginh vi linh vyc, Vi|n Nghien cihi Quin 1^ kinh tl T\V, Chi nhif m Dl tii.

3. ThS. PHAM PHU MINH

Ban Nghi€n ciru ICinh te nginh v i linh vyc, Vif n NghiSn cihi Quan ly kinh tl TW.

THE TREND OF IMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGIES OF INDUSTRY 4.0 INTO THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AND

POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM

• Ph.D HOANG THI HUONG Lecturer, University of Economics a n d Business,

Vietnam Ncrtional University - Hanoi

• Master. LE THI XUAN QUYNH

Deputy Head. Department of Sector and Economic i^esearch.

Central institute for Economic Management, Lead Researcher

• Master. PHAM PHU MINH Department of Sector a n d Economic Research,

Central Institute for Economic Management

Vietnam is developing its agriculmral sector towards promoting the application of technologies of Industry 4.0. This direction has initially achieved encouraged results, contributing to restructuring the agriculuiral sector. However, to help Viebiamese agricultural sector catch up with contemporary development trends, it is important for the Government of Vietnam to make a comprehensive strategy, and reasonable and feasible policies for the development of its agricultural sector amid the Industry 4.0. This paper analyzes the tfend of implementing technologies of Industry 4.0 into the agricultural sectors and policy implications for Vietnam in the coming years.

Keywords: Agriculture 4.0, technologies of IndusHy 4.0, policies 4.0.

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