Chapter 7: General Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations
5.5 Results
5.5.2 Across sites
There were highly significant differences (P<0.001) among genotypes, lines, testers for grain yield, ASI, SL, SP, AD, SD, TL, EH, EPO, MOI and PH except the lines that were significantly different at P<0.05 for SL (Table 5.23, Table 5.24 and Table 5.25) . However, genotypes, lines and testers did not show significant differences for EPP, EL and RL. Line x tester hybrids were as significantly different at P<0.01 for EPP, EL, SP and PH while there were significantly different at P<0.001 for MOI, AD, SD, EH and EPO (Table 5.23, Table 5.24 and Table 5.25).
However, no significant differences were found under line x tester for GY, ASI, RL, SL, TL.
The site x genotype, site x line, site x tester were significantly different for GY, EL, MOI and ASI, SL, SP, SD, AD, TL, EH and PH except site x line which was significant at P<0.05 for
SL and EPO which was not significant for site x tester (Table 5.23, Table 5.24 and Table 5.25).
However, EPP and RL were not significantly different for all these sources of variation. Site x line x tester was significantly different at P<0.001 for EPP, EH and EPO while significantly different at P<0.01 for MOI, ASI, SP and PH; and significantly different at P<0.05 for GY, TL and SD. However, no significant differences were found on EL, RL, SL, and AD (Table 5.23, Table 5.24 and Table 5.25).
Lines 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 have positive GCA effects for grain yield while lines 10, 2 and 8 had negative GCA effects for grain yield (Table 5.26). Interestingly some lines with positive GCA effects for yield such as 6 and 7 had also positive GCA effects for shelling percentage but very low GCA effects for total lodging and ASI among other traits (Table 5.26). Tester 10, 4, 5, 8 and 9 had positive GCA effects for grain yield (Table 5.27). Furthermore, these testers had positive GCA effects for other desirable traits such as SP and negative or small GCA values for traits such as ASI and TL (Table 5.27). Crosses from lines and testers 1 x 5, 5 x 6, 6 x7, 5 x8, 7 x1, 10 x 2, and 9 x 7 had positive SCA values for grain yield (Table 5.28).
The Baker’s ratio was above 50% for all traits except for MOI, EPO, and RL. Narrow sense heritability was low (below 50%) for all traits except AD and SD which had moderate narrow sense heritability (between 50 and 80%) (Table 5.29). However, in all cases the error variance was larger than the genotypic variance for all traits studied across the four locations (Table 5.29).
Table 5.3 Mean square values for grain yield and other traits at Dundee
Site Dundee DF GY EPP MOI AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP EL
REP 3 3.424**** 0.044*** 2.379*** 1.668 4.160*** 0.843*** 158.227*** 7.391 0.003*** 341.583** 7.742 116.089*** 6.036*** 0.546***
GENOTYPES 99 5.091*** 0.272*** 1.715*** 8.995*** 7.324*** 0.919* 107.019** 472.992*** 0.003** 1093.779*** 14.683 62.774*** 26.098*** 10.568***
LINE 9 13.400*** 0.956*** 5.140*** 17.956*** 15.546*** 0.854 101.77 1154.345*** 0.006** 2348.721*** 13.551 77.430* 62.077*** 30.405***
TESTER 9 21.983*** 1.365*** 4.914*** 60.193*** 42.387*** 2.964*** 294.119*** 1862.039*** 0.006** 6076.792*** 18.953 191.173*** 159.523*** 56.892***
LINE:TESTER 81 2.291** 0.075*** 0.980*** 2.311* 2.515* 0.699 86.814 242.948** 0.003 400.673 14.334 46.879 7.276 3.217***
Residuals 249 1.524 0.042 0.538 1.614 1.734 0.662 69.41 156.768 0.002 356.431 12.24 37.526 7.126 1.363
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.4 Mean square values for grain yield and other traits at Cedara
Source DF GY EPP MOI TL EH EPO PH SL SP ASI EL
REP 3 3.678*** 0.010*** 0.451*** 0.003 147.954*** 0.004*** 227.651 0.001*** 0.003 11.877 0.080*** 0.476***
GENOTYPES 99 2.598** 0.122*** 1.445*** 0.005 510.855*** 0.007*** 611.609*** 0.123 0.004 24.514 0.196 5.85 LINE 9 7.369*** 0.280*** 2.390*** 0.010* 1025.051*** 0.011*** 1524.040*** 0.021 0.007 26.749 0.149 6.016
TESTER 0 1.233 0.118 0.623 0.003 373.799* 0.004 696.404* 0.007 0.001 24.217 0.063 7.473
LINE:TESTER 81 2.219 0.105* 1.432*** 0.005 468.950*** 0.007*** 500.806** 0.096 0.004 24.299 0.216 5.651
Residuals 251 1.69 0.074 0.647 0.004 183.13 0.003 300.548 0.204 0.004 13.929 0.179 4.921
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.5 Mean square values for grain yield and other traits at Jozini
Source DF GY EPP MOI AD SD EH EPO PH ASI EL
REP 3 0.598** 0.015 0.145** 0.443*** 2.070*** 108.174*** 0.001** 420.716*** 2.422*** 0.211 GENOTYPES 99 1.598*** 0.086*** 1.162*** 12.224*** 15.32*** 408.827*** 0.004*** 582.981*** 5.167*** 8.907***
LINE 9 3.016*** 0.245*** 2.108** 31.967*** 21.938*** 1712.532*** 0.018*** 1895.320*** 18.629*** 25.993***
TESTER 9 3.334*** 0.301*** 3.346*** 64.982*** 83.254*** 1271.173*** 0.009*** 2236.320*** 12.959*** 46.536***
LINE:TESTER 81 1.247* 0.045 0.814 4.168*** 3.958*** 168.155 0.002 253.462* 2.806* 2.827
Residuals 249 0.933 0.034 0.667 2.013 1.924 133.827 0.002 172.034 2.069 2.412
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.6 Mean square values for grain yield and other traits at Ukulinga
Source DF GY EPP MOI AD SD TL ASI EL
REP 3 1.047** 0.008 6.040*** 14.595*** 20.986*** 399.944*** 0.633*** 5.836***
GENOTYPES 99 1.904* 0.151*** 3.308*** 26.032*** 26.776*** 851.185*** 1.001 8.221***
LINE 9 2.129 0.454*** 5.537*** 46.583*** 46.567*** 2271.644*** 1.999* 16.864***
TESTER 9 9.721*** 0.669**** 13.803*** 201.015*** 203.409*** 3741.247*** 1.770* 44.930***
LINE:TESTER 81 1.011 0.060** 1.894 4.307** 4.951* 372.238 0.805 3.182
Residuals 249 1.446 0.038 1.626 2.659 3.488 320.079 0.864 3.635
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.7 Line GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Dundee
LINE GY EPP MOI AD SD TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP ASI EL
1 -0.414 -0.048 -0.238 -0.956 -0.881 0.179 -5.977 -0.017 -3.963 -0.923 1.148 -0.190 0.057 -0.928 10 -0.767 -0.061 -0.295 -0.134 -0.176 -1.456 -3.250 0.009 -11.389 0.184 -1.701 -1.943 0.032 -0.985 2 0.419 0.201 -0.052 -0.619 -0.559 -0.372 -7.665 -0.002 -13.068 0.272 -0.628 0.200 0.069 -0.059 3 0.033 -0.16 0.206 0.451 0.301 -1.802 4.218 0.009 3.996 0.360 -2.197 0.070 -0.131 0.878 4 -0.423 -0.213 -0.751 -0.469 -0.497 -1.727 5.400 0.017 4.866 -0.579 -1.221 -1.230 -0.053 -1.035 5 -0.092 -0.122 -0.099 1.141 0.811 -0.081 2.230 -0.003 6.423 -0.475 0.307 -1.182 -0.344* 1.288 6 0.173 0.193 0.445 0.479 0.739 1.986 5.618 0.005 8.361 0.421 1.587 1.379 0.209 -0.814 7 0.163 0.047 0.241 -0.310 -0.248 3.070 -2.565 -0.007 -0.916 0.855 2.167 1.563 0.097 0.388 8 -0.563 -0.117 0.465 -0.505 -0.418 0.640 -6.436 -0.022 -2.795 0.716 -0.052 -0.948 0.047 -0.064 9 1.305 0.234 0.115 0.874 0.929 0.126 6.993 0.007 9.626 -0.430 0.572 1.772 0.049 1.084 SE 0.549 0.147 0.34 0.636 0.591 1.513 5.096 0.012 7.270 0.552 1.320 1.182 0.139 0.827 Mean 7.674 1.476 14.008 74.286 74.835 21.940 126.249 0.472 267.664 7.995 13.946 83.267 0.549 20.039
Table 5.8 Line GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Jozini
LINE GY MOI AD SD ASI EL EPP
1 0.055 -0.166 -0.567 -1.138 -0.586 -1.349 0.032 10 -0.428 -0.114 0.408 0.720 0.324 -0.732 -0.046 2 -0.032 -0.193 0.608 0.307 -0.311 -0.181 0.153 3 0.386 0.009 0.233 -0.776 -1.011 0.645 -0.058 4 0.52 -0.513* -0.167 -0.498 -0.326 -0.479 0.021
5 -0.158 0.15 0.483 0.689 0.189 1.68 -0.124
6 0.178 0.18 0.982 0.660 -0.317 -0.385 0.078 7 -0.093 0.249 -0.542 -0.307 0.214 -0.024 -0.041 8 -0.297 0.063 -1.867 -0.317 1.549* 0.038 -0.048
9 -0.244 0.279 0.758 1.085 0.339 0.636 0.011
SE 0.26 0.218 0.848 0.703 0.647 0.765 0.074
Mean 5.063 16.416 58.642 59.503 0.861 21.152 1.085
Table 5.9 Line GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Ukulinga
LINE GY EPP MOI AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH EL
1 -0.076 0.080 0.266 -1.575 -2.015 -0.414 -11.657 -5.764 -0.026 2.386 -0.747 10 0.244 -0.023 0.331 0.354 0.329 -0.022 -10.043 -1.955 0.013 -10.764 0.173 2 -0.488 0.136 -0.667 -0.439 -0.377 0.092 7.631 -8.020 -0.024 -3.374 -0.389 3 0.177 -0.191 0.081 0.439 0.198 -0.243 -2.468 5.816 0.027 -1.870 1.170 4 0.003 0.001 -0.301 1.218 1.126 -0.109 -9.574 4.092 0.011 2.868 -0.958 5 0.295 -0.137 -0.058 0.424 0.330 -0.072 -0.046 1.361 -0.011 8.898 0.876 6 -0.032 0.069 0.298 0.661 0.781 0.109 0.553 5.502 0.002 11.289 0.148 7 -0.003 0.000 -0.314 -1.185 -0.902 0.269 6.947 -2.304 0.009 -10.023 -0.136 8 -0.015 -0.101 0.269 -1.482 -1.141 0.349 4.433 -10.002 -0.029 -7.373 -0.055 9 -0.107 0.116 0.462 1.473 1.490 0.028 11.961 9.947 0.029 3.498 -0.053
SE 0.219 0.101 0.353 1.024 1.024 0.212 7.149 6.207 0.020 6.613 0.616
Mean 5.639 1.353 17.377 81.941 81.360 -0.581 78.081 121.367 0.463 262.335 19.172
Table 5.10 Line GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Cedara
LINE GY EPP MOI TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP ASI EL
1 0.5865 0.1741 0.0085 0.010 -8.477 -0.021 -8.469 0.016 -0.006 -0.761 0.1117 0.5073 10 -0.8318 -0.1420 -0.3079 0.031 -5.156 0.013 -13.233 0.013 0.018 0.849 0.0318 -0.2401 2 0.0695 0.0033 0.0960 0.002 -5.177 -0.023 0.531 0.007 -0.005 -0.929 0.0097 0.2501 3 -0.0912 0.0727 -0.0665 -0.027 -2.227 -0.010 -0.369 -0.007 -0.020 -0.669 -0.0657 -0.0911 4 0.5823 0.0283 0.4696 -0.005 4.519 0.015 2.067 -0.006 0.000 1.563 -0.0400 0.3414 5 0.0131 -0.0554 -0.0665 -0.022 2.173 0.018 -5.694 -0.003 -0.020 0.031 -0.0384 -0.0370 6 0.1776 0.0226 0.0310 0.006 -2.777 -0.020 5.131 -0.004 0.010 -0.203 -0.0148 0.3330 7 0.0198 0.0088 -0.0265 -0.003 4.173 0.009 4.381 -0.004 0.001 1.151 -0.0871 -0.6950 8 -0.1547 -0.0807 0.2271 0.000 7.469 0.013 9.317 -0.003 0.003 -0.208 0.0250 0.0950 9 -0.4136 -0.0396 -0.3540 0.014 3.623 0.007 3.806 -0.005 0.019 -0.459 0.0592 -0.3789
SE 0.4072 0.0794 0.2319 0.015 4.802 0.016 5.856 0.007 0.013 0.776 0.0578 0.3679
Mean 6.8657 1.4457 14.1590 0.053 103.177 0.410 251.844 0.008 0.044 81.165 -0.9609 18.9556
Table 5.11 Tester GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Cedara
SITE TESTER GY EPP MOI EL ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP
1 0.5865 0.1741 0.0085 0.5073 0.1117 0.012 -1.677 -0.003 -2.119 0.0095* 0.003 0.974 10 -0.8318 -0.1420 -0.3079 -0.2401 0.0318 -0.013 -0.935 -0.0055 0.178 -0.001 -0.012 -0.223 2 0.0695 0.0033 0.0960 0.2501 0.0097 -0.013 -5.281 -0.0162 -3.308 -0.0052 -0.008 -0.69 3 -0.0912 0.0727 -0.0665 -0.0911 -0.0657 0.018 -2.673 -0.0163 2.921 0.0035 0.015* -0.443 4 0.5823 0.0283 0.4696 0.3414 -0.0400 -0.002 -0.402 0.0003 -1.569 0.0021 -0.004 1.361 5 0.0131 -0.0554 -0.0665 -0.0370 -0.0384 0.007 0.473 -0.0059 4.056 0.0003 0.007 -0.14 6 0.1776 0.0226 0.0310 0.3330 -0.0148 0.004 5.523 0.006 9.181* 0.0003 0.003 0.452 7 0.0198 0.0088 -0.0265 -0.6950 -0.0871 -0.01 -1.456 0.014 -6.683 -0.0056 -0.005 0.653 8 -0.1547 -0.0807 0.2271 0.0950 0.0250 -0.004 -0.252 0.0072 -3.444 -0.0024 -0.001 -0.624 9 -0.4136 -0.0396 -0.3540 -0.3789 0.0592 0.004 4.823 0.0206* -1.744 0.0023 0.002 -0.956 SE 0.4072 0.0794 0.2319 0.3679 0.0578 0.008 2.9 0.0092 3.958 0.0041 0.006 0.738 Mean 6.8657 1.4457 14.1590 18.9556 -0.9609 0.053 103.177 0.4103 251.844 0.0085 0.044 81.165
Table 5.12 Tester GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Dundee
SITE TESTER GY EPP MOI EL AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP
1 -0.414 -0.048 -0.238 -0.928 1.201 1.079 0.057 -0.406 7.453 -0.001 15.699 0.266 -0.678 -3.072 10 -0.767 -0.061 -0.295 -0.985 -0.053 0.156 0.032 -0.936 2.299 -0.023 19.393 0.368 -1.281 0.960 2 0.419 0.201 -0.052 -0.059 1.497 1.058 0.069 -2.520 -5.195 -0.010 -4.346 -0.234 -2.401 -2.062 3 0.033 -0.160 0.206 0.878 -0.228 -0.057 -0.131 5.811 -12.728 -0.011 -20.828 1.052 4.681 -2.206 4 -0.423 -0.213 -0.751 -1.035 0.158 0.322 -0.053 1.553 8.047 0.016 6.985 0.199 1.396 -0.816 5 -0.092 -0.122 -0.099 1.288 2.081 1.569 -0.344* -2.128 4.526 0.005 5.364 -0.416 -1.695 -0.840 6 0.173 0.193 0.445 -0.814 -1.596 -1.394 0.209 -4.128 -8.968 -0.005 -15.494 -1.146 -3.013 0.760 7 0.163 0.047 0.241 0.388 -0.667 -0.529 0.097 2.413 0.477 0.021 -9.153 0.511 1.833 2.401 8 -0.563 -0.117 0.465 -0.064 -0.570 -0.534 0.047 -0.792 -3.858 -0.010 -3.598 -0.895 0.177 2.124 9 1.305 0.234 0.115 1.084 -1.873 -1.669 0.049 1.696 6.513 0.012 7.119 0.696 0.962 2.243
SE 0.549 0.147 0.340 0.827 1.164 0.977 0.139 2.572 6.473 0.012 11.693 0.653 2.074 1.895
Mean 7.674 1.476 14.008 20.039 74.286 74.835 0.549 21.940 126.249 0.472 267.664 7.995 13.946 83.267
Table 5.13 Tester GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Ukulinga
SITE TESTER GY EPP MOI EL AD SD ASI TL
1 -0.076 0.080 0.266 -0.747 3.157 2.977 -0.414 2.97
10 0.244 -0.023 0.331 0.173 -0.697 -0.281 -0.022 -0.267
2 -0.488 0.136 -0.667 -0.389 1.982 1.988 0.092 -9.15
3 0.177 -0.191 0.081 1.170 -0.291 -0.475 -0.243 17.093
4 0.003 0.001 -0.301 -0.958 0.839 0.953 -0.109 3.465
5 0.295 -0.137 -0.058 0.876 3.588 3.681 -0.072 -9.313
6 -0.032 0.069 0.298 0.148 -2.51 -2.523
0.109
- 21.302*
7 -0.003 0.000 -0.314 -0.136 -1.45 -1.779 0.269 6.246 8 -0.015 -0.101 0.269 -0.055 -1.583 -1.711 0.349 4.759 9 -0.107 0.116 0.462 -0.053 -3.146 -3.011 0.028 3.234
SE 0.219 0.101 0.353 0.616 2.213 2.193 0.212 9.175
Mean 5.639 1.353 17.377 19.172 81.941 81.36 -0.581 78.081
Table 5.14 Tester GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits at Jozini
SITE TESTER GY EPP MOI EL AD SD ASI EH EPO PH
1 0.055 0.032 -0.166 -1.349 0.531 0.28 -0.586 0.812 -0.012 8.009 10 -0.428 -0.046 -0.114 -0.732 0.833 1.393 0.324 -3.377 -0.022 5.937 2 -0.032 0.153 -0.193 -0.181 0.759 0.976 -0.311 -2.229 -0.006 -0.884 3 0.386 -0.058 0.009 0.645 -0.492 -1.435 -1.011 -8.369 -0.007 -14.575 4 0.52 0.021 -0.513* -0.479 0.158 0.378 -0.326 3.303 0.006 1.639 5 -0.158 -0.124 0.15 1.68 2.658 3.066 0.189 10.237 0.024 8.322 6 0.178 0.078 0.18 -0.385 -1.967 -1.115 -0.317 -8.312 -0.013 -10.099 7 -0.093 -0.041 0.249 -0.024 -0.242 -1.021 0.214 3.548 0.02 -2.8 8 -0.297 -0.048 0.063 0.038 -0.517 -0.299 1.549* -0.038 0.007 -3.75 9 -0.244 0.011 0.279 0.636 -1.392 -1.802 0.339 3.099 0.006 3.738
SE 0.26 0.074 0.218 0.765 1.209 1.369 0.647 5.348 0.014 7.093
Mean 5.063 1.085 16.416 21.152 58.642 59.503 0.861 121.367 0.463 262.335
Table 5.15 SCA effects for grain yield and other traits at Cedara
LINE TESTER GY TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP EL EPP MOI EH EPO PH AD SD ASI
3 5 -2.518*** -0.032 -26.923* -0.088* -13.781 -0.0017 -0.03 0.155 -0.257 0.633*** -1.024 -0.158 0.0167 -9.218 -0.783 -0.819 -0.436 10 2 2.135* -0.035 -13.03 -0.079 7.305 0.0169 -0.052 -2.319 2.285 0.201 1.225 -1.504 0.0304 -16.465 -0.809 0.841 -0.078 3 7 1.700* 0.029 5.506 -0.001 8.208 0.0041 0.025 0.061 -0.413 0.051 0.483 7.433 0.0158 6.523 -1.383 -1.906 0.047 3 8 1.607* 0.008 19.802 0.046 18.219 0.001 0.007 -1.704 1.115 -0.059 0.499 -6.362 -0.02 -1.579 -0.358 -0.007 0.514*
5 8 1.46 -0.011 0.652 -0.012 6.544 0.0112 -0.023 2.197 -2.429* 0.345* -0.076 0.744 0.0038 -0.664 1.142 1.126 -0.015 8 5 1.288 0.011 3.881 0.004 8.283 0.0218 -0.011 -2.288 -0.057 0.153 0.883 2.605 -0.0067 12.084 0.567 -1.248 -0.029 4 6 1.173 0.008 -12.219 -0.033 -9.842 0.0114 -0.004 3.216 0.309 -0.048 0.275 3.012 0.0214 -5.394 1.992 0.589 -0.007 6 4 1.072 -0.01 -20.248 -0.057 -15.906 -0.0066 -0.003 -1.403 -0.344 0.235 0.174 -14.399 -0.0503* -0.889 -0.782 -0.283 -0.063 9 1 1.032 -0.018 12.127 0.034 8.219 -0.0126 -0.005 -1.22 0.748 0.091 0.234 1.019 0.0181 -15.44 0.319 2.031* -0.154 6 3 1.017 0.021 12.023 0.035 8.354 -0.008 0.029 -3.097 0.663 0.148 0.98 -1.434 0.0315 -19.671* -0.132 -0.228 0.012 8 10 -0.832 -0.005 17.999 0.052 9.769 -0.0053 0 0.031 -0.661 -0.232 -0.001 11.836 0.0604 -7.266 3.892** 3.627* -0.021 9 3 -0.891 -0.068 18.623 0.061 7.179 -0.0066 -0.061 -0.083 0.882 -0.179 -0.11 3.572 0.0076 4.207 1.092 0.838 -0.072 2 2 -0.895 0.035 -9.719 -0.033 -3.567 -0.01 0.045 1.071 0.298 -0.244 0.36 -2.207 0.0014 -6.088 -0.009 0.864 -0.036 2 7 -0.901 -0.014 -7.544 -0.017 -14.692 -0.0096 -0.004 -1.014 -0.649 0.137 -0.555 -1.723 0.0122 -9.151 1.742 0.167 -0.042 5 1 -1.034 -0.013 -3.173 -0.015 0.719 -0.0008 -0.012 -0.103 0.512 -0.153 -0.029 5.61 0.0122 3.802 1.094 0.967 -0.057 8 7 -1.047 0.034 -4.44 -0.043 10.772 -0.0002 0.034 0.267 1.655 -0.078 -0.461 4.078 0.0259 -5.215 -0.783 0.517 -0.053 9 6 -1.084 0.048 0.927 0.013 -6.581 -0.0035 0.051 -0.136 -0.241 -0.097 0.074 -12.502 -0.0256 -11.421 -0.183 0.305 0.386 6 1 -1.117 0.02 -0.473 0.015 -9.856 0.0007 0.02 -2.19 1.262 -0.097 -0.601 9.092 0.0307 1.357 -0.174 -0.568 -0.078 6 9 -1.207 0.042 -2.973 -0.013 1.269 -0.0069 0.049 -0.662 -1.396 -0.104 -0.579 10.385 0.0251 9.255 0.768 0.646 -0.338 4 2 -1.258 -0.005 -1.915 0.018 -13.853 0.0022 -0.008 1.15 0.225 -0.082 -0.913 9.159 0.0146 10.998 -1.734 -1.389 0.022
SE 0.741 0.036 10.773 0.042 11.133 0.0171 0.031 2.452 1.183 0.161 0.595 6.451 0.022 7.92 1.016 0.99 0.231
Mean 6.866 0.053 103.177 0.41 251.844 0.0085 0.044 81.165 18.956 1.446 14.159 121.367 0.4626 262.335 58.642 59.503 -0.961
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.16 SCA effects for grain yield and other traits at Dundee
LINE TESTER GY AD SD TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP MOI EL EPP ASI
10 10 -1.973* 0.265 0.317 5.069 3.421 0.026 -9.565 0.836 4.21 0.045 -0.404 -1.344 -0.066 0.105
4 4 -1.813* 1.472 1.107 6.116 -18.977* -0.049 -17.145 1.654 4.487 -1.6 -0.761 -0.25 -0.256 -0.276
6 2 1.537* -1.005 -0.918 -0.155 0.876 0.003 0.279 0.63 -0.811 0.696 0.646 0.139 0.234 0.025
10 3 1.506 0.367 -0.754 -4.074 0.712 -0.026 14.746 -1.945 -2.385 -2.759 0.032 0.856 0.22 -0.946
5 6 1.348 -0.789 -0.191 -1.597 8.173 0.007 8.702 0.724 -2.182 2.042 -0.007 2.161* 0.08 0.455
7 1 1.348 -0.338 -0.315 -6.164 2.867 -0.001 6.877 -0.13 -6.206 0.629 0.188 0.2 0.291 0.167
8 10 1.172 0.114 0.348 5.702 15.103 0.018 26.591 1.412 4.362 -0.156 0.72 0.348 0.138 0.223
10 1 1.171 -0.79 -0.699 -1.26 7.756 0.03 -0.85 -2.076 1.195 3.088* -0.223 1.328 -0.038 0.064
3 10 1.109 -0.019 -0.064 2.592 -4.822 -0.005 -5.362 1.22 1.365 0.042 -0.315 0.557 0.099 0.034
10 4 1.103 0.129 0.358 -4.328 0.27 -0.008 3.486 -1.635 -2.518 -2.112 0.924 0.175 0.300* 0.161
9 6 -0.763 -0.297 -0.603 -1.13 1.689 0.002 4.4 0.094 -1.068 -0.883 -0.381 0.081 -0.341* -0.157
1 7 -0.77 0.134 -0.029 2.353 -10.886 -0.043 -2.486 -0.526 2.965 1.029 0.725 -0.383 -0.139 -0.199
3 5 -0.795 -0.159 -0.337 6.512 2.936 0.019 -4.181 1.495 5.161 -0.684 -0.316 -0.66 0.191 -0.147
7 4 -0.821 0.175 0.767 5.217 -7.767 -0.013 -11.839 1.855 3.33 0.094 -0.45 -0.762 -0.075 0.457
9 10 -0.844 -0.868 -0.722 -2.968 -16.064* -0.024 -21.470* -1.447 -1.551 -0.789 -0.533 0.58 -0.177 0.123
10 7 -1.063 0.248 1.612 12.811 4.285 0.012 2.235 8.815** 3.728 -1.188 -0.225 -0.729 -0.212 1.330*
6 9 -1.107 1.135 1.730* -3.212 -0.416 0 -1.186 0.449 -3.579 -0.507 -0.994* -0.747 -0.103 0.592
2 3 -1.297 0.203 0.763 6.21 -4.285 -0.013 -11.727 1.437 4.709 2.051 0.347 -0.825 -0.07 0.484
5 1 -1.343 0.388 -0.048 2.219 -2.386 -0.008 -1.871 -0.133 2.397 -0.628 -0.4 -0.773 -0.193 -0.362
2 6 -1.379 0.964 1.253 0.521 -7.776 0.02 -21.163* 0.371 0.302 -0.854 0.172 -0.326 -0.157 0.22
SE 0.753 0.756 0.789 4.635 7.754 0.027 9.958 1.884 3.406 1.342 0.492 0.892 0.136 0.416
Mean 7.674 74.286 74.835 21.94 126.249 0.472 267.664 7.995 13.946 83.267 14.008 20.039 1.476 0.549
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level
Table 5.17 SCA effects for grain yield and other traits at Jozini
SITE LINE TESTER GY MOI EL EPP EH EPO PH AD SD ASI
1 5 1.649** -0.042 0.839 0.074 7.816 0.0162 7.816 -0.233 -1 -0.689
3 5 -1.269* -0.126 -1.028 -
0.282** -0.158 0.0167 -9.218 -0.783 -0.819 -0.014 10 9 1.138* -0.449 -0.12 0.156 9.741 0.0186 7.595 0.842 -0.067 -0.799 1 3 1.116* -0.548 -0.978 0.197 -0.105 -0.0069 2.174 -0.333 -0.412 -0.079 4 2 0.973 -0.183 -0.534 0.103 9.159 0.0146 10.998 -1.734 -1.389 0.239 2 10 0.954 1.085* 0.918 0.018 0.795 -0.0117 7.81 0.667 -0.195 -0.859 3 6 0.942 0.955* 0.509 0.099 4.155 0.0029 8.841 1.092 0.459 -0.664 1 4 0.877 0.443 0.339 0.095 2.22 -0.0052 11.435 0.267 0.358 0.011 9 7 0.772 -0.375 -0.856 0.087 -6.611 -0.0089 -6.711 -0.158 -0.551 -0.399 8 1 0.735 0.609 1.673* -0.049 8.261 0.0201 11.428 0.194 -1.049 -1.166 1 6 -0.724 0.583 0.03 -0.08 -8.493 -0.0138 -13.272 -0.358 0.471 0.911 4 5 -0.761 0.086 0.965 0.028 6.594 0.0249 -1.434 1.367 1.922 0.551 10 1 -0.787 -0.252 -0.125 -0.239* -5.728 -0.0219 -1.065 -0.081 -0.448 -0.441 8 6 -0.858 -0.274 -1.549 0.043 -12.761 -0.0377 -6.38 -0.558 1.207 1.776*
3 9 -0.897 0.333 -0.859 -0.091 -1.975 0.0172 -13.834 0.017 0.518 0.536 1 2 -0.923 0.107 0.653 -0.187 -6.372 -0.0247 -1.26 1.666 0.429 -1.251 1 8 -0.951 -0.079 -0.407 -0.092 -0.722 0.0198 -12.959 -0.058 0.113 0.261 2 7 -0.951 -0.712 -0.123 -0.163 -1.723 0.0122 -9.151 1.742 0.167 -1.499 4 3 -1.052 0.352 0.014 0.011 -5.508 -0.0255 1.95 -0.733 0.435 1.161 8 10 -1.056 0.329 -0.471 -0.023 11.836 0.0604 -7.266 3.892** 3.627* -0.368
SE 0.556 0.449 0.836 0.105 6.451 0.022 7.92 1.016 0.99 0.833
Mean 5.063 16.416 21.152 1.085 121.367 0.4626 262.335 58.642 59.503 0.861
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level
Table 5.18 SCA effects for grain yield and other traits at Ukulinga
SITE LINE TESTER GY MOI EL EPP ASI AD SD TL
4 3 1.094* -0.063 2.092* 0.330** -0.138 -1.87 -1.956 -6.159 5 10 -1.083* 0.942 -0.745 -0.035 0.24 -1.029 -0.72 4.204 1 10 -1.005* 0.147 -0.613 -0.03 -0.65 0.46 -0.245 11.288
5 9 1.158 0.066 0.682 -0.026 0.761 -0.253 0.598 -
20.254*
8 10 0.949 2.039* -0.346 0.273 -0.388 -0.31 -0.71 -14.583 1 5 0.94 -0.708 -0.044 0.064 -0.038 -1.362 -1.351 -4.135 3 5 0.894 -0.716 1.019 0.132 -0.284 -1.724 -2.025 12.945 9 4 0.79 -0.102 0.059 0.141 -0.158 -0.001 -0.201 -1.076 6 7 0.774 -0.194 -0.166 0.12 -0.098 -0.574 -0.698 6.529 2 4 0.743 -0.177 1.62 0.204 -0.666 -0.159 -0.739 4.595 1 1 -0.555 0.885 -0.773 0.11 -0.009 0.348 0.327 1.45 9 5 -0.567 -0.082 -0.759 -0.09 -0.583 -1.151 -1.729 7.777 6 9 -0.594 -0.174 0.423 0.06 0.299 -0.641 -0.319 2.618 8 1 -0.609 -0.456 1.031 -0.009 0.526 1.524 2.006 7.267 10 5 -0.662 0.666 -0.796 0.202 -0.051 0.073 -0.024 8.475 4 5 -0.708 0.701 -0.924 -0.163 0.666 1.928 2.633* -7.362 8 8 -0.737 0.098 -0.291 -0.213 0.462 -1.975 -1.484 5.206 4 9 -0.811 -0.3 0.952 -0.204 0.564 -0.178 0.341 11.241 4 4 -0.878 0.085 -0.781 -0.277* -0.371 0.768 0.378 6.836 2 8 -0.885 0.39 0.565 -0.173 -0.412 -0.241 -0.58 -0.253
SE 0.5 0.685 0.887 0.121 0.446 1.032 1.107 9.598
Mean 5.639 17.377 19.172 1.353 -0.581 81.941 81.36 78.081
*-significant at 5% probability level
Table 5.19 Variance components and heritability estimates at Cedara
SITE GY EH EPO PH RL SL SP TL ASI EL EPP MOI
Line Variance 0.1321 14.2590 0.00010 26.2368 0.00003 0.00009 0.06283 0.00013 0.00000 0.0094 0.0045 0.0246 Tester Variance 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000 5.0154 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0467 0.0003 0.0000 Line x Tester Variance 0.1356 73.2873 0.00113 51.3481 0.00010 0.00005 2.65893 0.00025 0.00971 0.1872 0.0079 0.2013 Genotype Variance 0.0534 5.9096 0.00001 15.6261 0.00001 0.00001 0.03037 0.00004 0.00000 0.0280 0.0024 0.0019 Additive Variance 0.2135 23.6384 0.00003 62.5043 0.00003 0.00005 0.12149 0.00014 0.00000 0.1121 0.0097 0.0077 Dominance Variance 0.5423 293.1492 0.00451 205.3924 0.00038 0.00018 10.63571 0.00100 0.03886 0.7487 0.0316 0.8051 Environmental Variance 0.4226 45.7825 0.00069 75.1370 0.00020 0.00093 3.48218 0.00103 0.04468 1.2302 0.0186 0.1617 Broad Heritability 0.6414 0.8737 0.86864 0.7810 0.67221 0.20225 0.75545 0.52644 0.46517 0.4117 0.6898 0.8341 Narrow Heritability 0.1812 0.0652 0.00649 0.1822 0.05479 0.04432 0.00853 0.06602 0.00000 0.0536 0.1618 0.0079
Table 5.20 Variance components and heritability estimates at Dundee
SITE GY AD EH EPO PH RL SD SL SP TL ASI EL EPP MOI
Line Variance 0.2848 0.4032 23.3692 0.0001 49.9499 0.0000 0.3359 0.7834 1.4070 0.3835 0.0040 0.6971 0.0227 0.1067 Tester Variance 0.5049 1.4918 41.5152 0.0001 145.5415 0.1184 1.0277 3.6998 3.9088 5.3155 0.0587 1.3763 0.0332 0.1009 Line x Tester Variance 0.1966 0.1796 22.0975 0.0002 11.3442 0.5369 0.2012 2.3982 0.0384 4.4624 0.0097 0.4753 0.0083 0.1132 Genotype Variance 0.3949 0.9421 32.4422 0.0001 97.7457 0.0492 0.6779 2.2416 2.6541 2.8495 0.0310 1.0367 0.0278 0.1038 Additive Variance 1.5795 3.7685 129.7687 0.0004 390.9829 0.1967 2.7115 8.9664 10.6164 11.3980 0.1239 4.1468 0.1113 0.4151 Dominance Variance 0.7864 0.7185 88.3901 0.0007 45.3768 2.1476 0.8047 9.5927 0.1534 17.8495 0.0388 1.9014 0.0334 0.4527 Environmental Variance 0.3811 0.4034 39.1919 0.0005 89.1077 3.0601 0.4335 9.3815 1.7816 17.3526 0.1655 0.3408 0.0105 0.1345 Broad Heritability 0.8613 0.9175 0.8477 0.6601 0.8304 0.4338 0.8902 0.6642 0.8581 0.6276 0.4957 0.9467 0.9322 0.8658 Narrow Heritability 0.5750 0.7706 0.5042 0.2237 0.7441 0.0364 0.6865 0.3209 0.8458 0.2446 0.3775 0.6491 0.7171 0.4141
Table 5.21 Variance components and heritability estimates at Jozini
SITE GY AD EH EPO PH SD ASI EL EPP MOI
Line Variance 0.045 0.716 39.599 0.00040 42.171 0.463 0.409 0.594 0.005 0.033 Tester Variance 0.054 1.567 28.283 0.00018 50.930 2.044 0.263 1.121 0.007 0.065 Line x Tester Variance 0.080 0.556 8.802 0.00003 20.915 0.524 0.191 0.106 0.003 0.038 Genotype Variance 0.049 1.135 33.941 0.00029 46.462 1.246 0.333 0.857 0.006 0.049 Additive Variance 0.198 4.542 135.764 0.00116 185.848 4.986 1.331 3.429 0.023 0.196 Dominance Variance 0.322 2.222 35.208 0.00012 83.659 2.097 0.762 0.425 0.011 0.151 Environmental Variance 0.233 0.503 33.457 0.00046 43.008 0.481 0.517 0.603 0.008 0.167 Broad Heritability 0.690 0.931 0.836 0.73577 0.862 0.936 0.802 0.865 0.804 0.676 Narrow Heritability 0.263 0.625 0.664 0.66795 0.595 0.659 0.510 0.769 0.543 0.382
Table 5.22 Variance components and heritability estimates at Ukulinga
SITE GY AD SD TL ASI EL EPP MOI
Line Variance 0.029 1.089 1.072 48.744 0.031 0.351 0.010 0.093 Tester Variance 0.223 5.065 5.111 86.459 0.025 1.071 0.016 0.306 Line x Tester Variance 0.000 0.424 0.377 13.386 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.069 Genotype Variance 0.126 3.071 3.085 67.730 0.028 0.713 0.013 0.200 Additive Variance 0.505 12.285 12.341 270.921 0.111 2.850 0.052 0.800 Dominance Variance 0.000 1.698 1.507 53.543 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.275 Environmental Variance 0.361 0.665 0.872 80.020 0.216 0.909 0.009 0.406 Broad Heritability 0.583 0.955 0.941 0.802 0.339 0.758 0.887 0.726 Narrow Heritability 0.583 0.839 0.838 0.670 0.339 0.758 0.618 0.540
Table 5.23 Mean square values for GY, EPP, EL, MOI and ASI across four sites
Source DF GY EPP EL MOI ASI
SITE 3 236.864 7.138 232.994 726.068 225.89
REP(SITE) 12 2.308 0.022 2.19 2.686*** 0.97
GENOTYPES 99 3.185*** 0.287 16.935 2.56*** 1.916***
LINE 9 4.867*** 1.067 39.447 4.397*** 7.965***
TESTER 9 14.068*** 1.428 105.963 9.244*** 5.336***
LINE:TESTER 81 1.793 0.073** 4.547** 1.621*** 0.866 SITE:GENOTYPES 297 2.679*** 0.112 5.443*** 1.683*** 1.754***
SITE:LINE 27 7.089*** 0.289 13.409*** 3.585*** 4.460***
SITE:TESTER 27 7.266*** 0.331 16.196*** 4.357*** 4.038***
SITE:LINE:TESTER 243 1.679* 0.068*** 3.364 1.174** 1.199**
Residuals 992 1.398 0.047 3.085 0.873 0.946
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.24 Mean square values for RL, SL and SP across two sites
Source Df RL SL SP
SITE 1 12436.897*** 23251.793*** 694.455***
REP(SITE) 6 3.306 58.982** 9.363
GENOTYPES 99 7.351 31.099*** 22.197***
LINE 9 6.694 39.111* 34.821***
TESTER 9 9.487 95.297*** 76.329***
LINE:TESTER 81 7.142 23.113 14.800*
SITE:GENOTYPES 99 7.367 31.639*** 28.083***
SITE:LINE 9 6.854 39.440* 52.640***
SITE:TESTER 9 9.445 97.580*** 103.903***
SITE:LINE:TESTER 81 7.193 23.445 16.930**
Residuals 502 6.121 18.768 10.577
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.25 Mean square values for AD, SD, TL, EH, EPO and PH across three sites
Source Df AD SD TL EH EPO PH
SITE 2 20080.092*** 20439.395*** 227543.927*** 34754.618*** 0.324*** 13093.962***
REP(SITE) 9 5.967** 9.137*** 180.088 54.8 0.002 344.623
GENOTYPES 99 36.643*** 35.109*** 366.625*** 683.800*** 0.007*** 1023.458***
LINE 9 69.277*** 62.065*** 953.160*** 2632.607*** 0.021*** 3239.505***
TESTER 9 282.397*** 275.415*** 1911.610*** 1924.343*** 0.012*** 4533.984***
LINE:TESTER 81 5.698*** 5.395*** 130.058 329.070*** 0.005*** 387.330*
SITE:GENOTYPES 198 5.029*** 5.751*** 295.580*** 362.066*** 0.004*** 619.006***
SITE:LINE 18 12.321*** 9.760*** 742.834*** 636.492*** 0.007*** 1237.388***
SITE:TESTER 18 20.864*** 26.631*** 1067.774*** 757.068*** 0.004 2146.931***
SITE:LINE:TESTER 162 2.46 2.986* 160.086* 287.685*** 0.004*** 380.528**
Residuals 747 2.103 2.383 129.544 159.809 0.002 278.644
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.26 Line GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits across sites
LINE GY EPP MOI SP AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL EL
1 0.038 0.06 -0.035 -0.458 -1.031 -1.344 -0.206 -3.757 -6.763 -0.021 -3.372 -0.454 0.571 -0.624 10 -0.436* -0.065 -0.093 -0.576 0.189 0.271 0.091 -3.774 -3.342 0.012 -11.888 0.098 -0.841 -0.432 2 -0.015 0.119 -0.206 -0.329 -0.161 -0.212 -0.03 2.509 -7.067 -0.016 -5.417 0.139 -0.318 -0.1 3 0.115 -0.083 0.059 -0.298 0.360 -0.103 -0.365 -1.416 2.553 0.008 0.644 0.177 -1.108 0.635 4 0.184 -0.04 -0.268 0.176 0.200 0.034 -0.137 -3.723 4.834 0.014 3.282 -0.292 -0.610 -0.543 5 0.003 -0.111 -0.017 -0.582 0.681 0.608 -0.06 -0.033 1.824 0.002 3.205 -0.239 0.143 0.936 6 0.12 0.087 0.239 0.581 0.683 0.718 -0.004 0.925 2.782 -0.005 8.356 0.209 0.799 -0.187 7 0.033 0.008 0.042 1.362 -0.697 -0.498 0.125 3.460 -0.106 0.004 -2.300 0.425 1.083 -0.11 8 -0.265 -0.087 0.26 -0.585 -1.291 -0.627 0.494* 1.734 -3.310 -0.013 -0.576 0.357 -0.025 0.011 9 0.128 0.079 0.127 0.666 1.014 1.159 0.118 4.019 6.777 0.015 5.522 -0.218 0.296 0.33 SE 0.165 0.077 0.157 0.626 0.721 0.682 0.212 2.674 4.443 0.013 4.950 0.274 0.663 0.471 Mean 6.311 1.34 15.489 82.215 71.632 71.907 -0.031 33.320 116.931 0.448 260.611 4.002 6.995 19.83
Table 5.27 Tester GCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits
TESTER GY EPP MOI SP AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL EL
1 -0.003 0.058 0.11 -1.07 1.621 1.45 -0.119 0.941 1.943 -0.005 6.8 0.138 -0.338 0.244 10 0.287 -0.152 0.373 0.387 0.009 0.415 0.295 -0.421 -0.584 -0.017 8.532 0.184 -0.646 1.17 2 -0.085 -0.046 -0.003 -1.361 1.41 1.333 -0.067 -3.781 -4.232 -0.011 -2.987 -0.12 -1.206 0.34 3 -0.641* 0.086 -0.277 -1.34 -0.371 -0.665 -0.235 7.751 -7.978 -0.011 -11.179 0.528 2.347 -1.351 4 0.239 0.008 0.197 0.276 0.355 0.54 0.157 1.582 3.534 0.008 2.064 0.1 0.696 0.634 5 0.157 0.017 0.277 -0.473 2.764 2.757 -0.018 -3.732 5.135 0.008 6.061 -0.208 -0.844 0.81 6 -0.376 -0.162 -0.455 0.621 -2.002 -1.67 0.246 -8.416* -3.991 -0.004 -5.622 -0.573 -1.505 0.16 7 -0.165 -0.046 -0.138 1.557 -0.783 -1.115 -0.265 3.012 1.018 0.018 -5.926 0.253 0.915 -0.2 8 0.194 0.123 -0.051 0.729 -0.89 -0.854 0.037 1.329 -1.45 0.001 -3.351 -0.449 0.088 -1.014 9 0.294 0.082 0.075 0.631 -2.168 -2.184 -0.003 1.681 4.785 0.013 3.066 0.349 0.482 -0.878
SE 0.281 0.09 0.228 0.927 1.455 1.437 0.174 3.786 3.799 0.01 5.831 0.327 1.035 0.772
Mean 6.311 1.34 15.489 82.215 71.632 71.907 -0.031 33.32 116.931 0.448 260.611 4.002 6.995 19.83
Table 5.28 SCA effects for grain yield and other studied traits across sites
TESTER LINE GY EPP MOI AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL SP EL
5 1 1.009*** 0.06 -0.457 -0.53 -0.53 -0.244 -3.285 4.725 0.01 4.342 -0.242 -2.709 1.462 0.311 5 3 -0.929** 0.173** -0.564* -0.867 -0.867 -0.221 6.420* -8.475 -0.018 -9.387 0.747 2.564 -0.213 -0.221 9 6 -0.784** -0.018 -0.348 0.495 0.495 0.1 -0.345 2.468 0.002 3.787 0.221 -1.766 -0.596 -0.425 6 5 0.658* 0.028 0.313 -0.582 -0.582 0.19 3.878 2.176 -0.002 4.793 0.359 -1.083 -0.24 0.684
4 4 -0.657* -
0.175** 0.103 0.683 0.683 -0.369 4.234 -6.545 -0.025 -0.564 0.824 2.232 -2.393 -0.382
7 6 0.591 0.036 0.043 0.016 0.016 0.09 1.224 4.498 0 7.267 -0.741 -0.851 1.977 0.448
8 5 0.582 0.107 -0.149 1.269* 1.269* -0.077 -1.502 -0.272 -0.006 2.331 -0.116 -3.325 1.003 -0.769 1 7 0.483 0.132* 1.030*** 0.551 0.551 0.207 -4.151 -0.352 -0.011 5.971 -0.064 -3.127 -0.036 -0.293 2 10 0.475 0.028 0.776 -0.741 -0.741 0.371 5.116 -8.237 -0.031 -3.965 -0.582 -1.35 -0.443 -0.032 7 9 0.41 0.099 0.127 -0.68 -0.68 -0.327 0.68 0.685 -0.009 3.56 1.781* 3.930* -0.803 -0.419
5 10 -0.34 0.025 0.254 -0.36 -0.36 0.281 2.193 3.456 0 6.308 -0.829 0.114 -0.589 -0.458
7 2 -0.349 -0.061 -0.402 1.332* 1.332 -0.427* 1.131 -0.529 0.028 -
12.987* -0.516 -1.16 -0.605 -0.309
8 7 -0.361 -0.073 -0.124 1.066 1.066 -
0.559** 0.895 1.249 -0.004 4.335 -0.36 0.944 1.391 0.346 7 1 -0.37 -0.082 0.539 -0.009 -0.009 0.265 -2.409 -3.316 -0.027 7.081 -0.265 1.49 0.118 0.433 10 5 -0.383 0.042 0.392 -0.637 -0.637 0.045 2.245 4.819 0.004 9.457 0.198 1.101 2.38 -0.306 10 10 -0.403 -0.007 -0.529 0.133 0.133 0.139 -0.925 -1.193 -0.008 -1.471 0.408 2.103 -1.169 -0.771 9 3 -0.404 -0.116 0.248 0.036 0.036 0.027 0.186 7.108 0.03 0.028 1.276 0.989 -0.93 -0.033 3 2 -0.42 -0.023 0.18 0.495 0.495 -0.011 -0.478 -2.851 -0.011 -2.911 0.709 2.385 2.125 -0.358 1 5 -0.437 -0.097 -0.245 0.806 0.806 -0.2 4.057 -0.101 -0.002 0.648 -0.067 1.191 -0.232 -0.141 8 8 -0.492 -0.11 -0.071 -0.793 -0.793 0.071 0.951 -2.67 -0.008 -1.024 -0.117 -1.204 1.234 -0.068
SE 0.301 0.061 0.286 0.62 0.62 0.209 2.963 4.713 0.018 5.113 0.85 1.53 1.224 0.48
Mean 6.311 1.34 15.489 71.632 71.632 -0.031 33.32 116.931 0.448 260.611 4.002 6.995 82.215 19.83
*-significant at 5% probability level, ** -significant at 1% probability level, ***-significant at 0.1% probability level.
Table 5.29 Variance components and heritability estimates for grain yield and other traits across sites
GY EPP MOI SP AD SD ASI TL EH EPO PH RL SL EL
Line Variance 0.020 0.006 0.018 0.257 0.546 0.486 0.046 7.041 19.688 0.000 24.419 0.000 0.205 0.224 Tester Variance 0.079 0.009 0.049 0.790 2.375 2.318 0.029 15.240 13.635 0.000 35.502 0.030 0.925 0.651 LinexTester Variance 0.025 0.002 0.048 0.542 0.309 0.258 0.000 0.044 14.467 0.000 9.305 0.131 0.557 0.094 Genotype Variance 0.049 0.008 0.033 0.523 1.455 1.397 0.037 11.141 16.662 0.000 29.904 0.012 0.565 0.437 Additive Variance 0.197 0.030 0.133 2.091 5.819 5.587 0.148 44.562 66.646 0.000 119.615 0.049 2.261 1.749 Dominance Variance 0.101 0.007 0.192 2.169 1.234 1.034 0.000 0.176 57.867 0.001 37.221 0.524 2.228 0.375 Baker's ratio 0.661 0.816 0.410 0.491 0.825 0.844 1.000 0.996 0.535 0.330 0.763 0.085 0.504 0.823 Environmental
Variance 1.718 0.063 1.075 29.907 3.779 4.300 1.148 228.071 280.498 0.004 484.980 12.864 43.972 3.674 Broad Sense
Heritability 0.148 0.369 0.232 0.125 0.651 0.606 0.114 0.164 0.307 0.256 0.244 0.043 0.093 0.366
Narrow sense
Heritability 0.098 0.301 0.095 0.061 0.537 0.512 0.114 0.163 0.165 0.084 0.186 0.004 0.047 0.302