To sum up the above analysis there is a lack of evidence that Siyaya FM means a lot to the citizens of Cato Manor in general with regard to development and empowerment. The radio station is not able to keep the listeners because of few months on air and they are not able to connect with the masses in periods off air. To a certain degree they are not connecting with the masses of residents, as there are only some one thousand people listening to the radio station. However, people who take part in the radio, as volunteers or active listeners, have been empowered through knowledge and skills that has lead to employment and literacy. This illustrates the importance of participation, as described by Chambers (1997 :216). In addition, the lack of listeners shows that the radio is not an initiative completely embedded in the grassroots which is needed for Siyaya FM to benefit the community members in general. For a community radio to act according to participatory approaches it needs to be embedded in the people. Unless it might happen that the radio creates imbalances and hierarchies between people by empowering people already powerful (Chambers, 1997:217).
Siyaya FM is to a certain degree empowering the listeners by informing them and teaching them technical skills. However, the way much of the work is being done is according to modernisation theory. The volunteers and the management of Siyaya FM believe they have much to teach the listeners, thereby demonstrating a top-down perspective. They see Siyaya FM as an educator and a developer because the radio provides information to the people, not so much as a result of participation by the community members. On the other hand, though, they are conscious of their own development as individuals and are grateful to Siyaya FM for giving them a breeding grown. This illustrates that the radio, and the way it operates, is influenced by both modernisation theory and' another development' theory. Mhagama claimed that Siyaya FM was mostly influenced by the modernisation theory, while this study finds that both theories are possible to apply. Siyaya FM was established by the CMDA because the organisation needed a source to broadcast news about the projects. The radio was welcomed by the public and people involved were engaged and enthusiastic about it and the radio became important for listeners. Now the radio is only transmitting from time to time, meaning the masses of listeners are not satisfied and therefore are not benefiting from the development work of the radio.
On the other hand, however, the faithful listeners claim they have a relationship to Siyaya FM and will listen to it every time it goes on air. They say they are represented as women, men, young and old and that their heritage and culture are presented more often than in other radio stations. In addition they feel accepted as they are allowed to talk on air and are listened to when they have suggestions. The conclusion, therefore, is that Siyaya FM is operating according to modernisation theory more than 'another development', meaning that the community members are not as involved and engaged as promoted by participatory approaches.
Itis difficult to know what would be the best way to go for Siyaya FM. There are lots of radio stations competing for funds, advertisers, licenses and listeners, leaving Siyaya FM with small chances of succeeding and sustaining. However, it is possible to promote some
recommendations:
• First of all it is important that the radio station figures out how important the radio is to the citizens of Cato Manor through a proper evaluation. If the community members are not interesting in the radio's existence, there is no use to keep the radio operational
• If there is excitement about the radio, Siyaya FM can involve itself with other
organisations in Cato Manor like NGOs and CBOs to develop a broader perspective of community interest and also a broader audience. Itmight be possible to find other ways of funding, for instances through membership fees and fundraising with the help of other organisations that has more experience in this regard. In addition, a
cooperation of community organisations can open other doors to funding
• Siyaya FM can involve itself with other communication agencies to create a multi- communication centre. Siyaya FM can earn from this relationship with regard to administration, listernership and fundraising (Hadland and Thorne, 2004:56)
• With help from other organisations the radio station should apply for a four-year license and then apply for funds from NCRF to produce programs that are of interest for the other organisations as well
• Search NCRF, MDDA and AMARC Africa for possible funds and work with attracting advertisers
• If there is no will in the community members to contribute to the radio, there is
actually no need for the radio. This need to be a project with support from the listeners
and it must be something they find useful as a source of communication, empowennent and development. It needs to be a community initiative to be participatory and to give a voice to the different groups of Cato Manor