30
25
Cl) 20
Cl)
f
15 Z::s 10 5o
• Frequency
• Percent
Country
Figure 4.18Countries of choice for respondents' verifications (n= 7)
Influence on decision to leave employment
With regards to the factors that influenced the respondents to leave their employment and beginthe process of verification in order to registeroutsideZambia, the findingsin Figure 4.19 show that 57% did not give any factors.However,29% indicatedthey were influenced byfriends while 14% mentioned that a recruitment agency based in Zambia was influential in theirdecision making.
Contributing Factors
57%
• Through friends
• Through an agency based in zambia C Not indicated
Figure 4.19 Factors that influenced respondents to leave employment (n= 7)
4.2 .1.3. Datafrom nurses working outside Zambia
Data from visiting nurses who had migrated and were working outside the country were included in the study.Nurses who participated completed the first part of a semi
structured questionnaire seeking quantitative data before being interviewed by the part of the same tool which sought qualitative data. This section presents the quantitative part of the analyzed data.
Respondents' characteristics
A total of eight nurses who were visiting Zambia participated in the study. Sixty two percent of these were female while 38% were male. Most (38%) of them were aged 40-49 years and 30-39 years (37%).The older group aged 50-59 years were fewer and (Figure 4.20) constituted 25%. Eighty seven percent of the nurses were married and 13%
widowed.
Age of Visiting Nurses
40 35
Cl)
CD 30
Cl)
..
~ 25
z ....
20 • Frequency
0
..
• Percent.!
15E~ 10
z
50
30-39 40-49 50-59
Age
Figure 4.20 Age of nurses working in other countries and on visit Zambia (n= 8) Data on visitingnurses were further analyzed for children that the nurses had.As
indicated in Figure 4.21,nurseswith children in the younger ages of 1-3 years were 50%
of the total numberthat participatedin the study. Twenty five percent had between 4-6 children and another 25% had no children at all.
Chidren of nurses on visit to zambia
60
fI) 50
CDfI)
.. =
40z '0 ..
30.!
20=
E 10z
0
1-3 4-6 None
Number of Children
• Frequency
• Percent
Figure 4.21 Number of children of nurses working in other countries and on visit to Zambia (n= 8)
Results on dependants who lived with respondents before they emigrated from Zambia are reflected in Figure 4.22. These show that 75% of the nurses who participated in the study had dependants who lived with them before they left the country for greener pastures. Of these nurses, 38% had the larger numberof between 4-6 dependants who lived with them. Thirty-seven had between 1-3 dependants living with them before they left to work outside the country.
Dependants lived with respondent
40 ,----:--- en 35
f
30i
25'0
20~~ 15
5
10z
5o
• Frequency
• Percent
1-3 4-6
Number of dependants
None
Figure 4.22 Number of dependants who lived with respondent before they left for greener pastures (n= 8)
Regarding the number of dependants living with respondents outside the country, 38%
indicated they did not have any dependants living with them in the respective countries outside Zambia. However, as indicated in Figure 4.23,62%of the respondents had dependants under their custody while living outside the country. Of these, the number of dependants numbered 1-3 for 49% of the respondents and 4-6 for 13% of them.
Dependants living outside country
60 --.,..."...-~~
f) 50
e
G)=
40z '0
30~
G)
,g 20 E
=
z
10o
• Frequency
• Percent
1-3 4-6
Number of Dependanm
None
Figure 4.23 Number of dependants living with respondents outside the country (n=
8)
On the question of whether respondent'sspouse was living outside the country with respondent at the time of their visit to Zambia,87% responded in the affirmative while only 13% did not have spouses living outside the country.Respondents were also asked to indicate the country where their spouses were living.Results indicated that 37% of the spouses lived Botswana,25% in New Zealand and another 25% in the United Kingdom (Figure 4.24).
Country where spouse is
I
4035 .. 30 Z::s 25'0 ..
20.!
15E 10::s
z
5o
• Frequency
• Percent
Botswana New
Zealand Country
UK
Notindicated
Figure 4.24 Country where Respondents Spouses lived (n= 8)
When data on what spouses of the respondents were doing outside the country were analyzed,the results indicated that there more (49%) respondents with working spouses.
According to data in Figure 4.25,those whose spouses were studying comprised 25%.
Thirteen percentof the respondents' spouses were doing nothing.
Spouse occupation outside the country
60 ...-- - ....,...
., 50
Q)
~
40'0
z..
30.8
20:i
E 10o
• Frequency
• Percent
Working Studying Nothing Not indicated Occupation of spouse
Figure 4.25 What respondents' spouses were doing outside Zambia (n- 8)
According to Figure 4.26,only 35% of the respondents left Zambia to join their spouses.
The majority (62%) did not have spouses in their destination countries.
Respondents who joined Spouse
=
6070~ 50
~ 40
e
30Z 20
§ 10
z 0
Yes
Joined Spouse No
Figure 4.26 Respondents who left Zambia to join their spouses (n=8)
Regarding the area of work or profession of the respondents' spouses who were working outside Zambia,results in Figure 4.27,reveal that 13% were in nursing while 12% were in the medical professions respectively. However, 62% did not indicate their spouses' professions or area of work.
Spouse's Area of Work
70 60 50 40 30 20 10
o
Medical Nursing Not indicated Other
• Frequency
• Percent
Figure.4 27 Profession of Respondent's Spouses (n= 8)
Data were further analyzed for the period that respondents intended to stay in the country where they were at the time before they came on a visit to Zambia. The findings
displayed in Figure 4.28 showed that the majority (87%) intended to stay for an indefinite period in those countries with no specific plans on when to move back home or go to another county. A small number (13%) indicated they would stay for another 2-3 years in the countries in which they were at the time.
Visiting nurses intended period of stay in destination countries
~
10080z
=
60'0
~ 40,g
E 20
z
= o
2-3 years
Period of Stay
Indefinite
• Frequency
• Percent
Figure 4.28 Intended period of stay in destination countries by nurses on visit to Zambia (n= 8)
Professional qualifications and experience of respondents
The basic qualifications of the respondents who had migrated and were visiting Zambia are as shown in Figure 4.29. As indicated, registered nurses were in the majority (75%) with fewer enrolled nurses (25).
Respondents' Basic Qualification
80'"T:'--::-:: = E
Xl 70 f 60
i
50'0 ..
40.8
30 E 20=
z 10
o
RN EN
• Frequency
• Percent
Basic Qualification
Figure 4.29 Basic qualification of visiting nurses (n= 8)
Regarding the respondents' work experience in years following their completion of training as registered and enrolled nurses, the findings in Figure 4.30 show that most (38%) of them had qualified between 1995 and 1999. thirty seven percent had completed their training between 1980 and 1984 while the rest (25%) had been qualified as nurses since the years 1975-1979.
Year Completed 1st Qualification 40
I 35
~ 30
i
25'0 .8 ..
20 15 E 10=
z 5
o
1975-1979 1980-1984 Year
1995-1999
• Frequency
• Percent
Figure 4.30 Year when respondent completed basic qualification (n= 8)
Data were also analyzed for respondents' second qualification. Figure 4.31 indicates that Most of the respondents had registered midwifery as their second qualification (62%) followed by enrolled midwifery qualification (13%).
Respondents' Second Qualification
Figure 4.31 Second qualification of respondents who had migrated and were visiting Zambia (n= 8)
Experience of respondents with second qualification
According to data in Figure 4.32,most respondents (37%) had obtained the second qualification between 1985 and 1989. Thirteen percent of the respondents had had the second qualification since the years 1975-1984 and 2000-2004 respectively. Twenty four percent did not indicate having second qualification.
Year of Second Qualification
40 T."'i1'~~~
~ 35 r! 30
z
=
25'0 20
~ 15 .aE 10
:i
5o
• Frequency
• Percent
1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1989 2000-2004 Year
Not indicated
Figure 4.32 Year in which respondent obtained second qualification (n= 8)
Data were also analyzedfor thirdqualification that respondents had. The findings as indicatedin Figure 4.33 showed that most (62%) of them did not have a third
qualification.However,findings showed respondents with Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (13%),Diploma in Nursing Education (13%) and registered midwifery
qualifications(12%)
Respondents with 3rd Qualificaiton
70 ~~~~
1Il60.~
f =
50'0z 40
~ 30
E
20:i
10o
• Frequency
• Percent
RM ONE BSc None
ThirdQualification
Figure 4.33 Respondents who had obtained 3rd Qualification (n= 8)
Respondent's last position held at workplace
Further analysis of the data on visiting nurses who lived in other countries showed that most of them had worked as registered nurses (25%) and college lecturers (25%) before they left Zambia for other countries. According to Table 4.10,the rest of the respondents worked as enrolled nurses (13%),ward sister (13%),night supervisor (13%) and in- serviceeducation programme coordinator (13%).
Table 4.10 Last position of respondent at workplace (n= 8)
Position Frequency Percent
RN 2 25
Ward sister 1 12.5
Lecturer/Tutor 2 25
EN 1 12.5
Night Supervisor 1 12.5
In service Education
Coordinator 1 12.5
Total 8 100
Migratory movements of visiting nurses
According to Figure 4.34,the majority of the respondents first left Zambia during the 2000-2004 period. The rest did leave the country for the first time in the years 1990- 1994.
Year v.1ten respondent first left Zambia 80
11
70 f 60:i
50'0 40
~~ 30 E 20~
z 10
o
1990-1994 Year
2000-2004
• Frequency
• Percent
Figure 4.34 Year when respondents visiting Zambia first left the country (n= 8)
Figure 4.35 shows results on countries where respondents went when they first left Zambia for greener pastures. As indicated, most of them first went to Botswana (62%).
Others went to New Zealand as their first destination country (25%) and the United Kingdom (13%).
Respondents' first destination country
70
• 60
CD
f 50
::I Z 40 '0... 30
1l
§
20z 10
o
New Zealand Botswana Country
United Kingdom
• Frequency
• Percent
Figure 4.35 Country where Respondents first went upon leaving Zambia (n= 8)
On the question of other countries that the respondents had worked in, the findings in Figure 4.36 show that more of them had worked in Botswana (49%), New Zealand (13%) and the United Kingdom (13%). However, 25% of the respondents had not worked in any other country other than the initial destination country.