CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
5.3. Design of the Model 102
of terms, popularise terms and advise compilers of technical dictionaries or term lists”
(Alberts, 2010:604).
Figure 5.3.1 Model for the re-standardisation of Sepedi
*Discussion
This model suggests that for Khelobedu to be considered to form part of the standard variety of Sepedi, there is a need for terminology development in Khelobedu. As Khelobedu is the dialect of Sepedi (DoE, 2003) there is a need for Sepedi to be restandardised to accommodate Khelobedu terminology. However, Khelobedu has no terminology, therefore, there will be a need for terminology development for
Language Planning Corpus planning
Coining
New terminology Borrowing words
Tshivenda and Sepedi
Authentication of termininologies
National Lexicography Unit Standardisation of
Khelobedu terminology
National Language Board (NLB)
Mordenisation
Instituting new lexical terms
Re-standardisation of Sepedi PanSALB and NLU
Terminology development
Pan South African Language Board and National Lexicography Unit
Graphisation
Development of new terms
Khelobedu. This can be achieved by following the stages as shown in the model. The Balobedu Kingdom need to institute a language committee that is going to be responsible for representing the Kingdom of Balobedu. Alberts (2010) argues that terminology and language development should be part of the community and the language welfare should reflect the welfare of the speech community by the community itself. Alberts (2010) notes that in this stage of terminology development the terminology consults linguists and subject specialists when supplying or coining translation equivalents. This will mean that the Balobedu speakers should form a committee that will work hand in hand with terminologists in the National Language Board, National Lexicography Units within Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) to carry out this task. Other stakeholders within the province of Limpopo such as the Department of Linguistics, Translation and Interpreting in the University of Limpopo, the Department of Arts and Culture should be roped in to facilitate the process of terminology development. This will assist in broadening the various alternatives of terminologies of the dialect.
This model suggests that the language planning concept need to be revisited by the relevant language bodies in South Africa (PanSALB). For a language to be restandardised to include terminology of a dialect, the concept of language planning needs to be revisited. Although the language planning concept is encompassed by three stages, namely, status planning, corpus planning and acquisition planning, the corpus planning stage will be the focus for re-standardising a language. In this case, through the relevant language bodies such as the Pan South African Language Board and the National Lexicography Units in South Africa the language will be responsible for terminology development.
Within the corpus planning stage, terminology will be developed through the stage of graphisation. This can be achieved by borrowing words from Tshivenda since Khelobedu has no written form. Balobedu originate from the Venda region and there is a great influence on the way certain words are pronounced Mahashe (2012), Motshekga (2008). Besides, because of the geography of where the Balobedu are based there is an influence of the Sepedi language. It is noteworthy that Khelobedu speakers use Sepedi in the classroom context, words from both languages can be borrowed to develop terminology for Khelobedu (Mohale, 2014. DoE, 2003). Table 5.1.
illustrates words that sound the same to Tshivenda when pronounced in Khelobedu.
In this table, the researcher has written words that sound similar to both Sepedi and Tshivenda which Khelobedu speakers may adopt in developing terminology.
The next stage of the model is coining new terminology. In this case, if certain words can only be spoken by Khelobedu speakers, a provision to coin new terminology should be provided. Magagane (2011), Gauton, Taljard & De Schryver (2003) noted that to coin the translation equivalents, strategies such as loaning, transliteration, compounding and paraphrasing are applied. In the case of Khelobedu, this can be achieved by paraphrasing words from Khelobedu.
The modernisation stage is where the terminologies created are institutionalised. Once the terminologist and the stakeholders have developed terminologies, these can be submitted to the PanSALB in the province. The provincial PanSALB will then submit the terminologies to the National PanSALB for verification and acceptance in the term bank of Sepedi. It is important to note that before the terminologies are verified and accepted into the term bank, there is a need to rope in speakers of Khelobedu to also sign off and authenticate the terminology developed. This can be done by awareness campaigns through the media at large; television, radio, print media and also social media platforms. The terminologies will then be standardised and later be authenticated by the PanSALB and this will then lead to Sepedi to be re-standardised to include the new Khelobedu terminology. Re-standardisation is a continuous process that should not stop at any time. This is so because languages grow and new concepts will always be introduced to the language.
Table 5.1: Khelobedu words similar to Tshivenda
Khelobedu Tshivenda Sepedi English
Mukhegulu Mukegulu Mokgekolo Old woman
Bohweni Vhuweni Bogweng The husbands home
Moadibo Muhalivho Mogadibo Sister-in-law
Mosada Musanda Mošate Chiefs kraal
Khelemo Tshilimo Selemo Summer
Lethabula lutavula Hlakola Spring
Ho seda U sinda Go setla To grind
Kheghubhu Tshigubu Sekupu A plastic container
Mozwala Muzwala Motswala Cousin
Apa Amba Bolela Speak
Ezdela Edela Robala Sleep
Ke odhwa ledhora Ndi na dora Ke kwa lenyora I am thirsty
Dhoodha Do da Etla Come
Leboa Livhuwa Leboga Thank you
Hopela Humbela Kgopela Please
Le sale abozde Ni sale zwavhudi Le šale gabotse Goodbye/stay well Zdwelo zdwaka Zwithu zwanga Dilo tša ka My things
Dala Ndala Tlala Hunger
Naase Namusi Mamohla/lehonu Today
5.4 Conclusion
This chapter has illustrated through a proposed model how Khelobedu dialect terminologies can be standardised through the process of language planning to be
included in the standard Sepedi. Language planning is an important concept in language development, this chapter has drawn the insights of this concept of language planning to underpin why is it important to re-standardise Sepedi. The language influences on Khelobedu aided the stages to be taken to standardise Khelobedu terminology as Balobedu has come into contact with Tshivenda and Sepedi, borrowing the writing form of both Tshivenda and Sepedi will assist in terminology development.
Chapter six discusses the summary, recommendations and conclusion of the study.
CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION