5.3 TOTAL EXPENDITURE BY MAIN EXPENDITURE AND POPULATION GROUP
5.3.1 EXPENDITURE BY MAIN EXPENDITURE GROUP AND TYPE OF OUTLET
There were considerable differences between the buying behaviour of the different population groups with regard to the outlets used for their purchases. Table 5.16 is used as the main
reference for Asians and comparison to the expenditure patterns of the other race groups is made by cross reference to Table 5.17 and Table 5.18. Asians spent 5,8% of their total household expenditure at informal outlets, Blacks 7,4% and Whites 0,6%.
Asians made more purchases of certain expenditure items from some formal outlets relative to other race groups and these results are listed below.
TABLE 5.16: TOTAL ANNUAL CASH EXPENDITURE OF ASIAN HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN EXPENDITURE GROUP AND TYPE OF OUTLET,1998
FORMAL INFORMAL
Main Expenditure Group ~MOUNT Super - or Wholesaler Other Hawker or Spaza Other
Mail Order hyper - and Formal TOTAL Street Shop Shebeen Informal TOTAL
market Factory Business Market Outlet
1. Sold bv retail sector 13796 747 0,1 485 2,5 379 890 4,9 41 0,2 18 110
Food 2265887 10,0 441 0.7 415 863 6,7 57 10,0 13 137
Clothina, footwear and accessories 485177 0,0 74,8 2,8 20,3 97,9 0,9 0,0 0,0 1,2 2,1
Fuel and Iiaht 6197 00 652 10,0 278 93,0 0,0 70 10,0 10,0 70
Medical and dental: medicine 42711 00 125 00 868 993 0,0 0.3 0,0 0,4 07
Education: stationery and books 17653 0,0 16,9 0,9 79,6 97,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,6 2,6
Recreation, eauioment etc 76076 00 69 1 1 91,2 ~,2 0,1 00 10,0 10,7 10,8
Furniture and household eauioment 338623 02 483 17,6 284 945 1,0 02 00 43 55
Alcoholic beverages 54483 0,0 2,9 0,0 85,3 ~,2 0,0 0,0 11,7 0,0 11,7
Cigarettes and tobacco 57314 0,0 k320 0,0 201 62,1 9,7 346 10,0 36 479
Washina and cleaning materials etc 120144 00 868 1 8 11,2 998 0,0 01 0,0 0,0 01
Personal care 254981 0,0 64,1 0,4 26,2 90,7 3,3 0,1 0,0 5,8 9,2 .'
Readinq matter and stationery 60733 36 18,5 b.o 45,5 676 22,6 64 10,0 35 32,5
Holidavlweekend: refreshments, etc 17768 00 18 0,0 982 1000 0,0 00 0,0 00 00
(continued)
FORMAL INFORMAL
Main Expenditure Group ~MOUNT Super - or Wholesaler Other Hawker or Spaza Other
Mail Order hyper- and Formal TOTAL Street Shop Shebeen Informal TOTAL
market Factory Business Market Outlet
2.Mostly not sold by retail sector 2639787 0,0 0,4 0,1 93,0 93,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,4 6,4
Transport 1067710 0,0 0.7 03 84,0 850 00 10,0 00 150 150
Medical and dental: services 210614 10,0 10.0 00 100,0 1000 0,0 10.0 00 0,0 00
Education: tuition 122393 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Insurance and funds 680379 0,0 0,0 10.0 100,0 100,0 10.0 00 0,0 10,0 0,0
Recreation: admission, etc 137800 0,0 0,0 0,0 97,1 971 00 0.0 00 2,9 2,9
Dry cleaning and laundry 1477 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Communication 1334948 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 1000 0,0 0,0 00 0,0 10,0
Holidaylweekend: accommodation, etc 52883 10,0 00 00 100,0 1000 0,0 00 00 00 00
Miscellaneous 131524 0,0 3,1 0,0 00,7 93,8 0,4 0,0 0,0 5,8 6,2
3.Type of outlet not applicable 3687268 Housing and electricity 1866270
Servants 94391
Support of relatives (cash) 10218
Income tax 1244696
Savings 471 691
4. Grand total 10123803 10,0 18,3 10 74,9 194,2 1,8 1 5 10,1 2,4 58
SOURCE: BUREAU OF MARKET RESEARCH REPORT NO 268. MARTINS, JR. 1999
TABLE5.17: TOTAL ANNUAL CASH EXPENDITURE OF BLACK HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN EXPENDITURE GROUP AND TYPE OF OUTLET, 1998
FORMAL INFORMAL
Hawker
Main Expenditure Group lA,MOUNT Super - or Wholesaler Other or Spaza Other
TOTAL Mail Order hyper- and Formal TOTAL
Street Shop Shebeen Informal
Market Factory Business Market Outlet
1. Sold by retail sector 5926151 a,s 61,6 5,0 23,1 90,2 2,9 3,9 0,6 2,3 9,7
Food 3367091 0,0 59,0 0,6 28,7 88,3 3,6 6,1 0,0 2,0 11,7
Clothing, footwear and accessories 938850 0,3 63,9 24,6 4,5 93,3 2,3 0,0 0,0 4,4 6,7
Fuel and light 13816 0,0 30,7 8,0 18,0 56,7 0,0 41,7 0,0 1,5 43,2
Medical and dental: medicine 69403 0,0 21,7 0,0 78,0 99,7 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,0 0,3
Education: stationery and books 58049 0,0 63,3 4,0 31,6 98,9 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,9 1,1
Recreation: equipment, etc 41628 0,0 14,2 0,0 85,8 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Furniture and household equipment 592563 4,9 79,8 6,6 5,9 97,2 0,8 0,1 0,0 2,0 2,9
lA,lcoholic beverages 195040 0,0 0,2 0,0 82,9 83,1 0,0 0,0 16,9 0,0 16,9
Cigarettes and tobacco 52601 0,0 70,9 5,4 11,5 87,8 3,0 7,5 0,0 1,8 12,3
Washing and cleaning materials, etc 199749 0,0 91,6 0,6 3,1 95,3 0,1 4,6 0,0 0,0 4,7
Personal care 297314 0,0 86,0 0,0 8,3 94,3 1,4 0,3 0,0 4,0 5,7
Reading matter and stationery 72814 0,2 56,9 0,0 9,1 66,2 24,4 8,7 00 0,6 33,7
Holiday/weekend: refreshments, etc 30233 0,0 52,9 0,0 47,1 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
(continued)
FORMAL INFORMAL Super-
Main Expenditure Group !AMOUNT or Wholesaler Other Hawker or Spaza Other
Mail TOTAL
Order hyper- and Formal Street Shop Shebeen Informal trOTAL
Market Factory Business Market Outlet
2. Mostly not sold by retail sector
Transport 3329599 0,0 0,1 0,1 86,5 86,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 13,3 13,3
Medical and dental: services 394814 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Education: tuition 423087 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Insurance and funds 921 128 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Recreation: admission, etc 17 015 0,0 0,0 0,0 97,1 97,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,9 2,9
Dry cleaning and laundry 7743 0,0 0,0 0,0 97,3 97,3 2,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,7
Communication 417803 0,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Holiday/weekend: accommodation, etc 1 211 0,0 2,1 0,0 97,9 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Miscellaneous 60385 0,4 2,9 5,1 91,5 99,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1
3. Type of outlet not applicable
Housing and electricity 2245026
Servants 90277
Support of relatives (cash) 37959
Income tax 1 422347
Savings 581 421
4. Grand total 13632781 0,2 26,8 2,2 63,3 92,5 1,3 1,7 0,2 4,2 7,4
SOURCE: BUREAU OF MARKET RESEARCH REPORT NO 2G8.MARTINS, JH. 1999.
TABLE 5.18: TOTAL ANNUAL CASH EXPENDITURE OF WHITE HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN EXPENDITURE GROUP AND TYPE OF OUTLET, 1998
FORMAL INFORMAL
Main Expenditure Group AMOUNT Super - or Wholesaler Other Hawker or Spaza Other
Mail Order hyper- and Formal TOTAL Street Shop Shebeen Informal !TOTAL
market Factory Business Market Outlet
1. Sold by retail sector 3846262 01 51,7 1,4 450 98,2 04 10.0 0,0 14 18
Food 1854144 0,0 63,4 0,7 35,4 99,5 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,4
Clothing, footwear and accessories bas272 0,0 33,4 49 003 986 05 10.1 00 07 13
Fuel and light 8435 0,0 41,7 00 563 980 00 2,0 00 0,0 20
Medical and dental: medicine 00310 10,0 27,9 0,0 72,1 100,0 10,0 10,0 0,0 10,0 0,0
Education: stationery and books 21614 0,0 26,1 00 739 1000 00 00 0,0 00 00
Recreation: equipment, etc 191 431 0,2 18,4 00 ~,6 992 10.0 10,0 0,0 10.8 10.8
Furniture and household equipment 382118 0,4 42,5 3,2 44,1 90,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 9,6 97
Alcoholic beverages 232004 0,0 89 10.2 909 1000 10.0 10.0 10,0 0,0 10.0
Cigarettes and tobacco 157188 10,0 56,8 52 365 985 0,0 00 00 15 15
Washing and cleaning materials, etc 1CE861 10,0 99,2 10,0 0,7 99,9 0,0 10,0 10,0 0,0 10,0
Personal care 254465 0,0 68,6 0,0 298 984 10.1 10,0 0,0 1 4 15
Reading matter and stationery 80851 21 39,8 0,5 469 893 100 10,0 10,0 07 107
HolidavlWeekend: refreshments, etc 112571 10,0 35,7 0,0 63,7 99,4 0,0 10,0 0,0 10,6 10,6
(continued)
FORMAL INFORMAL
Main Expenditure Group AMOUNT Super - or Wholesaler Other Hawker or Spaza Other
Mail Order hyper- and Formal TOTAL Street Shop Shebeen Informal TOTAL
market Factorv Business Market Outlet
2.Mostly not sold by retail sector 13895719 0,1 0,2 0,0 99,3 P,O 10,0 0,0 10,0 0,4 0,4
Transport 1397186 02 0,4 01 98,3 990 0,0 0,0 00 1 1 1,1
Medical and dental: services 407042 10.0 00 10,0 1000 1000 0,0 0,0 0,0 00 0,0
Education: tuition 1301 798 10,0 0,0 0,0 100,0 100,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0
Insurance and funds 999800 0,0 0,0 00 100,0 1000 0,0 0,0 00 0,0 00
Recreation: admission, etc 57820 00 00 00 1000 1000 0,0 0,0 10,0 10,0 00
Dry cleaning and laundry 3846 0,0 0,0 00 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Communication 405 717 b,o b.o 00 1000 100,0 b,o 00 10.0 00 00
Holidaylweekend: accommodation, etc 190148 00 0,0 00 1000 1000 0,0 00 00 00 00
Miscellaneous 132361 0,0 2,5 0,0 97,3 99,8 10,1 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,2
3.Type of outlet not applicable 7081824
Housing and electricity 2737624
Servants 331026
Support of relatives (cash) 75046
Income tax 2994413
SaVings 944074
4.Grand total 14823806 b.o 135 p,4 855 99,4 10,1 10.0 10,0 b.5 0,6
SOURCE: BUREAU OF MARKET RESEARCH REPORT NO 268. MARTINS, JH. 1999.
Super- or hypermarkets served as an important outlet for clothing, footwear and accessories (74,8%) and fuel and light (65,2%). Wholesalers and factories were major outlets for furniture and household equipment (17,6%). Other formal businesses served as important outlets amongst Asians for medicines (86,8%), education: stationery and books (79,6%), and washing and
cleaning materials (11,2%).
In terms of the main expenditure items purchased by Asians from the retail sector, a total of 11 % was purchased from the informal sector which was relatively higher than the 9,7% for Blacks and 1,8% for Whites. Of the total main expenditure items purchased by Asians from the retail sector, 4,9% were from hawkers or street markets which was relatively higher than the 2,9% for Blacks and 0,4% for Whites. 4,1 % of Indians purchased from spaza shops, which was relatively higher than 3,9% for Blacks and 0% for Whites.
The reason that informal outlets are very popular amongst Asians could be attributed to their casual personality. Asians also like to frequent many popular beach spots in Durban such as the Blue Lagoon and they normally purchase from flea markets that surround those areas. Another reason could be that informal outlets were normally cheaper than formal outlets because of their low overheads. A majority of the low-income group would not be able to afford a drink at an expensive pub and they therefore resort to drinking at the much cheaper shebeens. Flea markets carry a very extensive and wide range of products. Each stall normally specialises in a particular type of product and displays a range of that product at low prices. Local spaza shops also cater to the specific needs and requirements of the community that they serve. In addition, many items that Asians require are not available at traditional stores and they are forced to buy these from informal outlets.
With reference to the purchases amongst Asians in the informal sector on main expenditure items, what was significant was that the total purchases for food (13,7%), cigarettes and tobacco (47,9%) and personal care (9,2%) were relatively higher than other race groups.
Asians made more purchases of some expenditure items from certain informal outlets relative to other race groups and these results are given below.
Hawkers or street markets play an important role as an outlet amongst Asians for food (6,7%), cigarettes and tobacco (9,7%) and personal care (3,3%). Spazas, also called tuckshops, play a relatively important role as an outlet amongst Asians. More than one third of their expenditure on cigarettes and tobacco (34,6%), was expended at spazas in comparison to 7,5% for blacks and 0%
for whites. Other informal outlets served as major outlets amongst Asians for education:
stationery and books (2,6%), cigarettes and tobacco (3,6%), personal care (5,8%) and reading matter and stationery (3,5%).