APPENDIX A
Interview Questions used in Data collection
Two sets of questions were used one for health providers and another for the health seekers.
These were used to gather data on the churches‘ contribution to health on the Copperbelt as case studies to explore the understanding and relationship that exists between religion and health.
APPENDIX B
Consent form for Health seekers and health providers
‘INFORMED CONSENT’
Introduction
My name is Kabwe Maybin. I am undertaking research towards my Masters Degree at the University of Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa.
This informed consent is a voluntary agreement to participate in a research study in the field of
‗Religion and Health.‘ This particular research seeks to examine and explore how Churches‘ and Religious Health Institutions function as assets in their contribution to the health and wellbeing of the people on the Copperbelt.
The duration of your participation in this research exercise goes only as far as the time you offer in answering to the interview schedule question related the subject under research.
I/we ________________________________________ [name(s) and surname(s) of the interviewee(s)]
have been approached by ______________________________________________________
[name(s), surname(s) and affiliation of the interviewee(s)] for an interview and state what follows:
1. I/we have been fully informed of the reason for the interview to be conducted. Yes / No
2. I/we have been informed of my/our right to withdraw from the interview at all times.
Yes / No
3. I/we have been informed of the use to be made of the tapes, transcript or notes of this interview. Yes / No
4. I/we have been informed of my/our right to receive a copy of the tapes, transcripts or any other account of this interview once the research has been completed. Yes / No 5. I acknowledge that the interview material is to have the following status:
a) Accessible to all without restriction Yes / No
b) Accessible to all after a period of _____ years Yes / No c) Accessible only with written permission from __________________________Yes / No d) Only accessible to the interviewer(s) for the purpose stated to the interviewee(s)Yes / No I acknowledge that the interview material may be catalogued and stored at ___________
________________________ [name and address of the repository ] for release to the public, under the conditions of the status that I have stipulated [optional] Yes / No I/we have been informed that should the interviewer(s) use the interview material for
publication, I am/we are not entitled to any financial gain from the proceeds of publication.Yes / No I acknowledge that should the interviewer(s) wish to use the interview material for any
reason other than that of cataloguing, release and publication that the interviewer(s) is/are to
secure my/our written permission to do so. Yes / No
Contact details of the interviewee(s) Name(s) and surnames (s):
_________________________________________________________
Address:
________________________________________________________________________
Phone: ________________________________ E-mail:
__________________________________
[please write in capital letters]
I/we hereby agree to the above stipulations of this release agreement in conjunction with the interviewer(s)
Interviewee(s)
Date:________________ Signature(s):___________________________________
Interviewer(s)
Date:________________ Signature(s):____________________________________
APPENDIX C
Detailed narrative report from the interviews:
Question 1. WHAT IS YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH?
Responses from: Bethel City church- Pastor
From my own understanding, health has to do with both the spiritual and physical aspect of life; it encompasses a lot of elements, the well being of a person, physical condition of a person such as fitness can be termed as health- which is the whole being of a person‘s physical and spiritual life.
Bethel City church- Pastor [counselor/ minister]
Health is a very difficult thing to define I am saying so because of the various cases I have encountered in my work in the area of deliverance. Health is best described as an issue that affects human life in the total well being of a person in relation first to his/her body fitness including the mind, body and second to the state of soul and spirit.
This fitness is understood in relation to the immediate environment of one‘s sphere of influence and operation.
Bethel City church –pastor
I understand health as a minister of the word as something, which is holistic, the total well being of a person this includes cultural and environmental aspects as well as the spiritual life.
Bethel city church – health seeker
For me, health means being well in my physical, emotional and mental life. You see right now I am not working I am on sick leave because of poor health. It‘s my body which is sick but my mind is okay so health includes everything that makes a person to function properly. You cannot separate these issues. Health for me means life and being well or okay in body.
Bethel City church- health seeker
Health for me is umweo [life]; it means being fit in my body, having no problems in my relationship with people and enjoying life with no or less stumbling blocks.
Bethel City Church- [Health seeker]
Health is a state of having no diseases and having good food and sound mind. You see my perception of life as someone who has not been well for some time has really changed. Just having a life is more than health it includes everything that makes life to ‗tick‘ to have a meaning and profitable purpose.
Dawn Trust Community Care- [Center Coordinator health provider]
As a Christian or religious organization, we offer a holistic approach to our clients, what we mean by holistic is that which includes the well being of an individual namely the physical, mental and spiritual. We engage not only the physical and material problems but also the spiritual problems of a person. We understand that a person is not made
up of independent segments but seen as a whole; therefore our approach is holistic in nature. When a person is healthy we say that his/her body is functioning well without` any disturbance or pain or physical dysfunction.
Dawn Trust Community Care- [Chaplin –health counselor/ provider]
The word health is a wide word but in my understanding it involves all situations of life and living such as conditions, environment or state in which there is at least a good human health, at physical, mental and spiritual, and soundness of economic living in a community. Health is more than just absence of illness but it includes the capacity and availability of people whereby they are able to meet their needs in every area of their livelihood.
Dawn Trust Community Care – [Health seeker]
Health has to do with the physical fitness of a person, in Bemba it is what we may call ubumi [healthy] that‘s the general outlook of a person were there are no sicknesses in the body.
Dawn Trust Community Care- [health seeker]
Health for me is ubumi it means someone‘s life where there are no risks and complication in ones life is at all levels of life. If someone has no ubumi then the well being is not okay and the life is being threatened.
[What then is the difference between ubumi [well being] and umweo [life]? I think there is no difference because when there is no ubumi then there is no life. For me the two are the same, there is no difference but one and the same thing. I am speaking from personal experience, when I was sick and bedridden for three months I could not do anything though I was alive ‗had life‘ alive but not of any good, I cannot not say I had ubumi, although I think ubumi can be more than just good health.
Dawn Trust Community Care- [Health seeker]
Health means having a life without or with fewer problems in terms of the body‘s fitness, functioning or well being.
I think health of an individual has to do with having balanced good diet, clean and sufficient water and good sleep that is the way I understand good health apart from this there is no health.
Fiwale Hill Rural Mission Health Center: [Nurse in charge -Health care provider].
I understand health as somehow a sense of well being, whereby a person enjoys physical, spiritual, emotional and mental soundness, health for me includes the whole person in his or her totality. You know a person may look very okay and yet not experience true meaning of health. Sometimes you may find that people who are physically handicapped ‗lame‘ may experience good health- because they have the essential things that make up good health.
For me health is what makes a human being live and enjoy life able to do what he/she desires to do.
Fiwale Hill Rural Mission Health Center: [Nurse Health care provider.] Health means a person with no diseases, but also some one who is psychologically, spiritually and socially living in harmony with the rest of the people and the rest of all creation. Although it may be broader in medical terms but that‘s how I understand health, it is the condition of some ones life in the context of the rest of other lives.
Fiwale Hill Rural Mission Health Center: [Chaplin- health care provider.]
Health to do with the state of a person‘s well being, covering both the empowerment of the surrounding environment that takes into account the issues of hygiene and state of the body. The state in which, the body functions well. In my mother tongue – Tonga we say
‗kuba abumi bubotu‟ the understanding of this includes everything that makes a human being function at his or her best with no or less encumbrances.
Fiwale Hill Rural Mission Health Center: [Health seeker.]
Health means being physically fit in body and mentally stable in mind and functioning well as a normal human being not incapacitated in any way.
Fiwale Hill Rural Mission Health Center: [Health seeker.]
Health to me means having a free mind free; free from anything that makes life difficult. It involves having a balanced diet, free from life threatening illnesses. I am saying threatening because none of us is free from illness, people experience illness these are part and parcel of life. Health relates to the well being of a person in terms of physical fitness and enjoying life as a human being. Health is what one would call ubumi in Bemba. In fact there are many people who look healthy but are not well in their inner being.
Isubilo Community Resource Center [Health provider -Coordinator]
My name is G……, I am the coordinator of the center and also the spokesperson. I oversee all the activities. Isubilo Community resource center (ICRC) has a number of activities which run as supporting entities to the overall running of the center. We have Home based care (HBC) this is the core activity of Isubilo, the other activities came up as a result of the HBC program we saw the needs in these homes and so we opened up the Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC), and in order to supplement Agricultural department to support back yard gardens and a specialized clinic for our clients was established to suit the type of client we have –who are HIV+ the clinic and we also have a grinding meal, the mill has reduced the expenditure of buying maize meal by half the prize. The meal serves the rest of the community as well.
Isubilo was born out of a passion to contribute to the welfare and well being of the people in this community, our catchments area is Chifubu, Kawama and Pamodzi we are speaking of a population of about 160 000+ people. Our passion is to see poverty reduced and the health of the people improved. A lot of people were suffering so came about to give hope-Isubilo as the name means ‗hope‘ was born to give hope to the people to encourage the people that all was not lost we are here to care and give hope.
What is the meaning of health –[ Coordinator]
To me health has a lot of component around you need a good state of mind and well being that cannot be achieved if nutrition is lacking. Health is more than just being in sound state but includes a state of mind that is physically okay and this is best achieved through good nutrition and good livelihood. In short it is having a sound mind and not sick in body and in the inner being of a person.
Isubilo Community Resource center [Community mobilization-coordinator]
My name is I………, I am in charge of community mobilization, coordinate the OVC, in charge of Stores as supervisor, I am a social worker and I am also a psychosocial counselor. I also go into the community and teach some mothers on how to run their homes in the area of hygiene, nutrition and also in anything that will bring development in the livelihood of people. I also participate in the development of backyard gardens so that people become self reliant and not dependent on Isubilo.
What is your understanding of health?
Health I think has to do with the mind it does not just end up with the physical but there is a psychological, component to health, health is more than physical, but social and spiritual- as well in Bemba it is Ubumi bwamuntu- other needs-somebody to say I am in good health it means they are in good mind is clear comfortable they are able to eat well they are not sick general all is well.
Isubilo health seeker [female Positive living]
For me health means one who is not sick but enjoys good health, being fit, fat, eating well, good water system, having good shelter and a nice place to sleep on all this makes up good health.
Isubilo health seeker [female Positive living]
For me health means one who is not sick but enjoys good health, being fit, fat, eating well, good water system, having good shelter and a nice place to sleep on all this makes up good health.
Isubilo health seeker [male Positive living]
Health is ubumi ubusuma whereby a person has no sickness and is fit to do all that he or she wishes to do with fewer limitations. Basically not sickly. For me I look healthy but there are certain things I cannot do, I have lost my job because of being sickly so I am not healthy
2 Understanding of the concept of well being and health
The following question intends to explore the understanding of the concept of well being and health whether these are the same or not. This question also intends to investigate the unnoticed relationship and conceptual frame work that exist in the power of concepts such as the holistic meaning of term health.
Question 2. IS WELL BEING AND HEALTH THE SAME THING? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER?
Health provider: Bethel City Church
To me, I would say, yes and no. Yes, they are one and the same thing, when we talk of health we are dealing with a human being as a whole; we cannot separate the two that is physical and spiritual. So when we talk of health we are dealing with the physical fitness of a person, which is directly related to a person‘s well being. Health will deal with the aspects of having sickness in the body, from the way I look at it, that person is not health, in the sense of physical fitness.
When we talk of well being, we are referring to such things as are more than just the physical fitness, we talk of the financial well being, the moral aspect, the emotional the economic welfare in general – in Bemba it is what we call
‗Ubumi‘ Like I said, there is a very thin line between the two, in terms of physical fitness one may be okay but in moral aspect they may be in a crises and this directly affect their well being.
Health seeker: Bethel City Church
I understand well being as incorporating everything that makes a person exists in a normal way; apart from a sound good health we also need other things for our livelihood to make life complete and manageable, that is what well being means. It also includes the economic and spiritual aspects of life. Right now I am on long sick leave and my company pays me only half of my pay. This is also affecting my well being and health because lack of sufficient money means limited access to good health services. You know it is a complicated matter when you talk about well being of an individual it is not that easy, especially when one is sick like me. When someone is not sick in body it is easy to talk about health but not when you sick I am.
Health seeker: Bethel City Church
Well being is more than just being fit or being health it includes everything that makes my life and health survive in a more relaxed and rewarding manner. Health goes far beyond myself but touches the welfare of other people.
Health provider- Dawn Trust community Care
As a Christian I understand that well being does not necessarily depend on health, a person can be at peace in the heart and experience well being even in times of sickness, I am saying this because the most important thing in the life of a person is the inner state of a person, therefore well being and health are not the same thing, health has to do with the physical fitness or the well being of the body. On the other hand, well being is all inclusive in its understanding. It is therefore possible to experience well being even when the body may be sick. Well being is more than health though health is part and parcel of well being.
Health provider- Dawn Trust community Care
They are not the same, however there are some similarities; you see to be health does not mean a life absent of illness at all. You can fall sick while enjoying a healthy environment that gives you satisfaction in life.
Well being is a general term that covers a broader picture of life, in which a person has a livelihood in things such things as being a business person, politician religious minister and the like, this is where well being is found it is in what gives a person a livelihood.
The difference between health and well being comes in the fact that, in well being it is more of what gives an individual meaning and purpose of life, in such circumstances there is generally a lengthy period of no illness or /and any other that make life difficult. This kind of situation makes life affordable and enjoyable.
Health for me in my mother tongue is kuba kabotu [Tonga] this in a narrow sense refers to the condition of ones physical state. While well being means bumi bubotu, this is more than mere physical health but involves everything that gives life a meaning. The difference lies in the fact that good health extends to socially, economical and spiritually enjoyment of life. Well being is mainly centered on an individual or on what a person owns.
I think one can enjoy well being while she/he is sick in body, for me well being has to do with a persons‘ livelihood how is she surviving in life.
Health seeker- Dawn Trust community Care
Well being for me means ubumi [that which gives life meaning] that is when one is completely okay this includes health and other things such as food, shelter and off course money.
Health seeker- Dawn Trust community Care
Well being for me consist in the complete harmony of a person this includes things such as food, shelter, clothes, money and a good health. I think well being is more than health, though health is a part of well being. Let me just explain what I mean, one can be sick of malaria but still have ubumi-well being. [Is it possible to be bed ridden and still enjoy ubumi]. No I do not think so, [why] because ubumi includes sound health.
Health seeker- Dawn Trust community Care
Well being is just like ubumi although there is a slight difference, depending on the situation of an individual. For example when someone is sick his or her health is not well and consequently the well being is affected. This is so because a sick person cannot do certain things his/her physical outlook may be well but the inner person the body frame work may not be in a position to do certain things. However, the fact that the person is alive, we can say at a different level that the individual has ubumi, which may be the same as having life- in him or her.
Health provider – Fiwale Hill Mission health center
I do not think so, although some how they can be the same thing, if we include all the things I have mentioned above. In my mother tongue that is Tumbuka from Eastern province well being means „tilimakola‟ it is more than just being well in body. When we speak of health, the focus is on the condition of the physical function of the body, while well being includes the whole person, this deal with how I am fairing in my life in general and specific terms related to my clinical fitness. Just to give an example I might not have any illness in my body but if at home there is