CHAPTER 5................................................................................................................................... 118
5.4 Results
5.4.4 General combining ability effects
observed for FS68 and 142-1-EQ. Inbred lines KIT32, SRSYN48, FS60 and FS232 showed significant negative GCA effects for PH and EH while SRSYN20, FS67, FS59-4 and 142-1-EQ had significant positive GCA effects for these traits. FS68 and CML144 showed contrasting GCA effects for PH and EH. GCA effects for EPP were positive and highly significant for FS67, FS68 and FS60. GCA effects for EL varied from highly significant negative value (-1.54) for inbred line FS67 to highly significant positive value (1.69) for inbred line 142-1-EQ. In case of ED, inbred lines KIT32, FS59-4, FS170 and FS60 had positive and highly significant GCA effects, whereas SRSYN48, FS67 and FS68 had negative and highly significant GCA effects.GCA effects ranged between -1.29 (FS232) to 1.04 (CML144) for RPE as well as between - 2.80 (CML144) to 5.89 (142-1-EQ) for KPR. For TKW, 6 inbred lines had negative and highly significant GCA effects while the rest had positive and highly significant GCA effects. Six inbred lines had highly significant GCA effects of which SRSYN20, FS232 and CML144 exhibited negative effects and FS59-4, F7215Q and 142-1-EQ had positive effects of MOD.
The estimates of GCA effects of the QPM inbred lines evaluated for different agronomic traits at Kulumsa are presented in Table 5.8. KIT32, SRSYN20, FS170 and 142-1EQ showed highly significant positive GCA effects for GY while SRSYN48, FS68, FS59-4 and F7215Q had significantly lower GCA effects. Inbred lines FS67, FS59-4, FS60, FSFS232 and FS7215 showed highly significant negative GCA effects for AD while KIT32, SRSYN20 and CML144 showed highly significant positive GCA effects. Inbred lines with highly significant negative GCA effects for ASI were FS67 and CML144, and lines with significantly positive GCA effects were SRSYN48, FS68, FS59-4 and 142-1-EQ. Inbred lines KIT32, SRSYN48, FS170, FS60 and CML144 showed highly significant negative GCA effects for PH and EH though some of the effects were not significant. Among the twelve inbred lines, only four (KIT32, FS170, FS232 and CML144) had highly significant and positive GCA effects for EPP.
Although most inbreds showed contrasting GCA effects for EL and ED, only 142-1-EQ showed positive effects for both traits. Like the EL and ED, most inbreds exhibited contrasting effects of GCA for RPE and KPR. The only six inbred lines with highly significant and positive GCA effects for TKW were SRSYN48, FS67, FS60, FS232, F7215Q and 142-1-EQ. The inbreds SRSYN20, SRSYN48, FS67, FS232 and
Table 5.9 and Figure 5.1 summarize the estimates of GCA effects of inbred lines for grain yield and agronomic traits combined across three locations. Inbred line 142-1- EQ that showed consistently highly significant and positive GCA effects for GY at each location had also highly significant and positive GCA effect across locations. In addition, KIT32 and FS60 which showed highly significant positive GCA effects at two locations had highly significant and positive GCA effects in the combined analysis for GY (Table 5.9 and Figure 5.1). Except FS60, the other two lines (142-1-EQ and KIT32) exhibited positive GCA effects for AD. Also, the three inbred lines had positive GCA effects for ASI although only significant for 142-1-EQ.
Overall, inbred lines showed similar trends of significant GCA effects for both PH and EH traits in the combined analysis. For example, inbred KIT32 had highly significant and negative GCA effects for both PH and EH, while 142-1-EQ had highly significant and positive GCA effects for the same traits. FS67 and FS68 exhibited negative GCA effects for both PH and EH, while FS60 and 142-1-EQ exhibited positive effects in both traits. Inbred lines KIT32, SRSYN20, FS170 and CML144 had negative GCA effects for EL and positive GCA effects for ED. However, the opposite held true for inbred lines SRSYN48, FS232 and F7215Q for same traits.
Highly significant and positive GCA effects for RPE were expressed by SRSYN20, FS59-4, FS60 and CML144 although all had negative GCA effects for KPR. Only three inbreds (SRSYN48, F7215Q and 142-1-EQ) had significant GCA effects for KPR. The maximum significant positive GCA effects for TKW were observed in FS60 followed by FS59-4, FS232, F7215Q and KIT32. On the contrary, the minimum and significant negative GCA effects for TKW were shown by CML144, FS68, 142-1-EQ and SRSYN20. Among the three inbreds (KIT32, 142-1-EQ and FS60) with highly significant and positive GCA effects for GY, the first two had highly significant positive GCA effects for MOD while FS60 had positive but non-significant effect.
Table 5. 6 Estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effects of 12 QPM inbred lines for grain yield (t ha-1) and related traits at Ambo
Inbred line GY AD ASI PH EH EPP EL ED RPE KPR TKW MOD
KIT32 1.28** 0.05 -0.06 -5.78** -7.48** 0.15** -0.08 0.15** -0.56** -0.49 16.32** 0.50**
SRSYN20 -0.13 2.54** -0.19 10.84** 12.42** -0.10** -0.74** 0.07** 0.40** -1.60** -3.48 -0.33**
SRSYN48 -1.09** -0.85** 0.33 -9.13** -7.33** -0.19** 0.76** -0.23** -0.33** 1.23** 6.32** -0.32**
FS67 0.50** -1.20** -1.80** 2.06* 4.27** 0.14** -1.49** -0.13** -0.64** -1.66** 4.32* 0.07 FS68 -0.79** -0.26 1.07** 7.02** -7.53** 0.09** -0.37* -0.24** -0.73** 1.00** -20.0** 0.06 FS59-4 -0.46** -0.54* 0.13 8.69** 10.47** -0.07* 0.18 -0.01 0.60** -2.21** 23.83** 0.06
FS170 -0.15 0.84** -0.33 -1.13 -5.48** -0.05 0.07 0.20** -0.01 0.15 -0.34 -0.18*
FS60 0.58** -2.30** 0.50** -26.23** -11.38** 0.05 -0.23 0.25** 0.73** -0.63 11.91** -0.04 FS232 -0.44** -0.27 0.20 -8.40** -8.53** -0.01 0.04 -0.15** -1.11** -0.04 8.01** -0.19*
F7215Q 0.02 -1.53** 0.15 10.93** 9.42** -0.001 0.97** -0.05 0.52** 1.06** 4.68* 0.61**
142-1-EQ 1.15** 0.68** 0.83** 12.59** 14.02** -0.01 1.65** 0.02 0.06 5.22** -8.36** 0.23**
CML144 -0.51** 2.83** -0.79** -1.50 -2.83* 0.02 -0.76** 0.10** 1.11** -2.03** -43.19** -0.51**
SE(gi) 0.13 0.23 0.19 1.04 1.12 0.03 0.16 0.03 0.12 0.36 2.20 0.08
* P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01; GY= grain yield (t ha-1); AD= days to anthesis; ASI= anthesis-silking interval (d); PH= plant height (cm); EH= ear height (cm); EPP= ears per plant; EL=
ear length (cm); ED= ear diameter (cm); RPE= number of rows per ear; KPR= number of kernels per row; TKW= thousand kernel weight (g); MOD= endosperm modification;
SE(gi)= standard error of GCA.
Table 5. 7 Estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effects of 12 QPM inbred lines for grain yield (t ha-1) and related traits at Holetta
Inbred line GY AD ASI PH EH EPP EL ED RPE KPR TKW MOD
KIT32 -0.07 -0.74** 0.23 -15.39** -12.56** 0.02 -0.58** 0.10** -0.57** -0.32 9.02** 0.10 SRSYN20 -0.07 3.17** 0.03 8.14** 13.51** -0.04* -0.50** 0.01 0.35** -1.81** -7.14** -0.30**
SRSYN48 -0.16 -1.79** -0.08 -8.33** -5.44** -0.04* 0.92** -0.17** 0.09 1.55** -8.31** -0.12 FS67 -0.59** -0.71* -2.08** 10.43** 8.11** 0.05** -1.54** -0.22** -0.55** -1.41** -20.28** -0.10 FS68 -0.40** 0.31 1.78** 9.88** -2.43* 0.11** -0.94** -0.23** -0.40** -1.25** -16.98** 0.01 FS59-4 0.34** -0.63* 0.43 5.89** 7.78** 0.03 0.57** 0.07** 0.29** -0.74* 40.95** 0.16*
FS170 -0.07 0.89** 0.38 0.77 -7.73** -0.05** -0.20 0.22** 0.05 0.03 7.13** 0.02
FS60 1.50** -1.51* 0.33 -9.90** -6.82** 0.10** 0.66** 0.28** 0.51** 0.61 31.07** 0.05
FS232 -0.79** -1.59** -0.43 -15.13** -10.19** -0.08** 0.32 -0.05 -1.29** -0.12 27.19** -0.24**
F7215Q 0.50** -1.03** -0.33 1.43 6.24** 0.04* 0.79** 0.03 0.60** 0.41 20.50** 0.51**
142-1-EQ 0.78** -1.17** 0.88** 9.13** 10.86** -0.04* 1.69** 0.01 -0.14 5.89** -19.16** 0.28**
CML144 -0.99** 4.76** -1.13** 3.04** -1.35 -0.06* -1.23** -0.04 1.04** -2.80** -63.99** -0.37**
SE(gi) 0.12 0.28 0.26 0.99 1.02 0.02 0.17 0.03 0.11 0.32 2.19 0.07
* P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01; GY= grain yield (t ha-1); AD= days to anthesis; ASI= anthesis-silking interval (d); PH= plant height (cm); EH= ear height (cm); EPP= ears per plant; EL=
ear length (cm); ED= ear diameter (cm); RPE= number of rows per ear; KPR= number of kernels per row; TKW= thousand kernel weight (g); MOD= endosperm modification;
SE(gi)= standard error of GCA.
Table 5. 8 Estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effects of 12 QPM inbred lines for grain yield (t ha-1) and related traits at Kulumsa
Inbred line GY AD ASI PH EH EPP EL ED RPE KPR TKW MOD
KIT32 0.39** 3.29** -0.06 -7.12** -6.27** 0.15** -0.20 0.05 -0.59** -0.12 1.80 0.61**
SRSYN20 0.35** 5.33** -0.32 10.93** 3.17** 0.03 -0.83** 0.09** 0.64** -1.36** -1.57 -0.36**
SRSYN48 -1.27** -0.26 0.39* -3.57** -1.53 -0.24** 0.87** -0.17** -0.36** 0.68* 8.10** -0.29**
FS67 0.15 -2.34** -0.70** -2.22* 2.16* -0.10** -0.88** -0.02 -0.30* -0.17 14.42** -0.20**
FS68 -0.90** 0.21 0.52** 8.53** -0.80 -0.10** 0.27 -0.17** -0.56** 0.83* -13.27** -0.05 FS59-4 -0.76** -1.33** 0.41* 9.83** 5.97** -0.08* -0.40* -0.07* 0.44** -2.38** -4.22** 0.08
FS170 0.38** 0.28 0.06 -6.07** -9.95** 0.11** -0.54** 0.12** 0.17 -0.46 -6.57** -0.11
FS60 -0.01 -5.66** 0.02 -32.97** -14.94** -0.02 -0.37* 0.23** 0.32* -1.11** 34.55** 0.26**
FS232 0.24 -1.16** 0.18 0.08 4.14** 0.09** 0.82** -0.06* -1.04** -0.05 11.75** -0.26**
F7215Q -0.47** -2.97** -0.31 7.93** 9.67** -0.07* 0.83** -0.06* 0.26 0.52 5.45** 0.37**
142-1-EQ 1.58** 0.63* 0.70** 19.38** 13.76** -0.04 1.61** 0.04 -0.07 5.42** 7.37** 0.32**
CML144 0.30* 4.00** -0.85** -4.77** -5.34 0.26** -1.22** 0.04 1.07** -1.78** -57.85** -0.33**
SE(gi) 0.13 0.30 0.17 1.05 1.07 0.03 0.16 0.03 0.14 0.33 1.60 0.06
* P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01; GY= grain yield (t ha-1); AD= days to anthesis; ASI= anthesis-silking interval (d); PH= plant height (cm); EH= ear height (cm); EPP= ears per plant; EL=
ear length (cm); ED= ear diameter (cm); RPE= number of rows per ear; KPR= number of kernels per row; TKW= thousand kernel weight (g); MOD= endosperm modification;
SE(gi)= standard error of GCA.
Table 5. 9 General combining ability effects (GCA) of 12 QPM inbred lines for grain yield (t ha-1) and related agronomic traits combined across three locations (Ambo, Holetta and Kulumsa)
Inbred line GY AD ASI PH EH EL ED RPE KPR TKW MOD
KIT32 0.54** 0.87** 0.03 -9.43** -8.77** -0.28 0.10** -0.57** -0.31 9.05** 0.40**
SRSYN20 0.05 3.68** -0.16 9.97** 9.70** -0.69** 0.05* 0.46** -1.59** -4.06* -0.33**
SRSYN48 -0.84** -0.96** 0.21 -7.01** -4.77** 0.85** -0.19** -0.20 1.15** 2.04 -0.24**
FS67 0.02 -1.41** -1.53** 3.43** 4.85** -1.30** -0.12** -0.50** -1.08** -0.51 -0.08
FS68 -0.69** 0.09 1.12** 8.48** -3.59** -0.34* -0.21** -0.56** 0.19 -16.75** 0.01
FS59-4 -0.29* -0.83** 0.32 8.14** 8.07** 0.12 -0.003 0.44** -1.78** 20.19** 0.10
FS170 0.06 0.67* 0.03 -2.14* -7.72** -0.22 0.18** 0.07 -0.10 0.07 -0.09
FS60 0.69** -3.15** 0.28 -23.03** -11.05** 0.02 0.25** 0.52** -0.38 25.84** 0.09
FS232 -0.33* -1.00** -0.02 -7.81** -4.86** 0.40* -0.09** -1.15** -0.07 15.65** -0.23**
F7215Q 0.02 -1.84** -0.16 6.77** 8.44** 0.87** -0.03 0.46** 0.66* 10.21** 0.50**
142-1-EQ 1.17** 0.05 0.80** 13.70** 12.88** 1.65** 0.02 -0.05 5.51** -6.71** 0.28**
CML144 -0.4** 3.86** -0.92** -1.07 -3.18** -1.07** 0.03 1.07** -2.21** -55.01** -0.40**
SE(gi) 0.13 0.27 0.21 1.03 1.07 0.16 0.03 0.13 0.34 2.02 0.07
* P< 0.05; ** P< 0.01; GY= grain yield (t ha-1); AD= days to anthesis; ASI= anthesis-silking interval (d); PH= plant height (cm); EH= ear height (cm); EL= ear length (cm); ED=
ear diameter (cm); RPE= number of rows per ear; KPR= number of kernels per row; TKW= thousand kernel weight (g); MOD= endosperm modification; SE(gi)= standard error of GCA.
Figure 5. 1 The general combining ability effects of 12 QPM inbred lines for grain yield (t ha-1) at each and across locations -0.8
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
KIT32 SRSYN20 SRSYN48 FS67 FS68 FS59-4 FS170 FS60 FS232 F7215Q 142-1-EQ CML144
GCA effects (0.5x)
QPM inbred lines
Ambo Holetta Kulumsa Across