Age Structure of project committee
6.4 STAGES OF A CBPWP PROJECT AND STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN EACH
6.4.21 General comment on the overall contribution of participation to project performance
The SALDRU study asked the question (SALDRUReport, pl12) "does community participation lead to enhanced project performance?" To answer this they did regression models looking at the level of CBO participation and controlling for other factors such as
typeof project. Theyshowedthat there was not a significant difference in project performance by levelof community involvement.
When they looked for examples using both the variables of"CBOparticipation" and
"type of asset built".they concluded that projectsthathadmorecommunity involvement were morelikely to:
• be in rural locations;
• reject task based over dailywages;
• have a similar levelof SMME use;
• have a lowercost per day of employment generated;
• have more labourdisputes;
• have a similar labour intensity;
• allocate morefunds totraining;
• have a similarpercentage of women employed;
• have actualnumber of days of employment lessthanprojected; and
• have actualproject costs greater than projected.
The differences variedgreatly betweenprojects and these differences are based on averages. There is enormous difficulty in makingthe above observations as:community participation in this regression analysis was based solely on institutional arrangements and level of CBOinvolvement, and did not take onto accountother aspects of
participation. Theyshould be read as a generalisation ratherthana fact.
6.5 Summary of chapter
The abovesections 6.3 and 6.4 have painted a picture of the stakeholders and the different stagesof a typical CBPWP project. incorporating quantitative data fromthe CASEIILO workerand non-worker surveyas well as qualitative data collected during SALDRU and CASEIILO fieldwork. This section provides a tabulated summary (Table 12) ofcommunity and projectcommittee participation in each stage of a CBPWP project.
The first column lists the project/programme stages;the second- the primary role-
players in each; the third - whether the community and the project committee
participated and the fourth - the level or type of participation that occurred. The fourth columnislinkedtoPaul's Continuum of participation described in Chapter 3 (Table 6) which describes increasing empowerment with increasing levels of participation from information sharing (lowest empowerment value) through consultation, decision-making and to initiating action (highest empowerment value)
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Design ofprogram National and Provincial Workers,non- Information sharing Public WOIks workers,committee only
Departments members only Feedback from
participate in evaluation exercises evaluations which provided to National inform the next round Government by of projects. researchers Advertising of Provincial Public Works,
program local government and councilors, regional councils, media
Call for proposals Public Works facilitator Community members Information sharing committee or members oflocal Initiating action (some
CBOs are encouraged capacity building i.e to submit ideas assistance provided to
committee by public works in preparing for projects)
Identification of Community Community activein Information sharing projects Local government decision making consultation and
- final choice is at decision making public works
(sometimesin consultation with local government Selection ofproject Community Community active in
committee elections
Project Application Project Committee Community Information sharing represented by project Consultation committee Decision making (to
varying degrees Empowerment (varied) - depends on what level of
responsibility
committee getsand is trained for .
Selection of project Project Committee in Committee Varying degrees of manager and consultation withPublic participates to varying consultation and technical Works (usually degrees - scope for decision making. from consultants according to approved moreinvolvement noneto shared
list)or in some cases no decision making
participation of powerby committee
committee. consultants chosen bv pubic works
Project design Technical Consultants in A verylowlevel of Insufficient
(technical) consultation withproject community and even information sharing.
committee committee Very little consultation
participation
Wagesetting Project Committee. Committee has Insufficient
Project Manager. public limited poweras information sharing
works wages are set withcommunity on
provincially rationale for wage according to average setting
minimum wage.
Selection of Project committee Primarily Not sufficient workers Project Manager responsibility of participation of
committee according community (although to targets. Can in some cases CBOs conflictwiththeir played a role e.g.street responsibility of committees).
representing Insufficient
community interests information sharing on and can expose them targeting
toaccusations of favouritism
Choice of and Project Manager and Insufficient Lowlevel of purchasing of Project committee community information sharing.
materials participation. Lowconsultation.
Purchasing - Almost no sharingof sometimes committee decision -making with haddecision-making communities
power but too often theywere therejustto signcheques.
Supervision of Project Manager and Primarily Decision making by workers project committee responsibility of committee
committee. Can conflictwiththeir responsibility of representing
community interests.
Training Project Manager and Asfor worker Insufficient
Committee decide who selection - selection participation by should go for training of workers for workersinwhat
trainingprimarily trainingthey received.
responsibility of Process of consultation committee - can left to committee.
cause conflict
Financial -- Project Manager and Varying levelof Varied participation of
management Committee participation by committees.
committees - from Insufficient report signing chequesto back to community.
making decisions (causesdissatisfaction) Variedlevelof
transparency Project Project Manager and
management Proiect Committee Hand over Project Manager,
Committee, Dept Public Works
Monitoring and Committee keeps Evaluation records, public works
keeps records Evaluation largelyby outside agenciese.g.
CASE
Ongoing Community Community expected
maintenance totakemain
responsibility for maintenance