CHAPTER SEVEN
4. Limit political interference in the business of running the city. In order to limit political interference the local authority should
7.2 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION
educatioo centres which could help a local authority achieve an equitable, affordable servic.e delivery system. and understanding thereof. ooe which is sustainable.
12. An education and training module on the supply of and payment for muntcipal services.
The general ignorance citiz.ens have about the supply ofmmticipal services was nMaled by both adult and school-based perception studies. This research has identified the need for the development of a module which includes concepts and principles on how the city works. The module should include at least the following: the raison d'etre of a city; the morphogenesis of a dty; resources needed for city development; sustainable use of resources; a local economy and sustainable development, and the civic duties and respoosibilities of a local authority and those of oommunities. Emphasjs must be placed on the individual's and rommunities' role in city development. Added to which, according to Hampton's City manager George Wallace (1999), should be the inclusion of the concept of upward social mobility (Wallace 1999). Citiuns need to understand that with opportunities, and the appropriate use of those opportunities, co.me an improvement in a quality of life. This would help engender an understanding of the coo.cept of affoxdability.
This research has further identified the need for the institution of an education forum as a matter of urgency. The forum should advise national education about the need for the inclusion of a module in the education curriculwn which includes concqrts and principles on haw the city works, as me.ntioned above. In the interim the locaJ authoritymay initiate education at a local level as has been advised by a TLC Masakhane report (Pietermaritzburg-Msunduzi Transitio� Local Council 1999b). This structure is necessary in order that the problem of education citizens of the future on their civic duties may be addressed.
currently exist in the city environment continue to distort the fonnation of mental images as it relates to city management and development issues. This is particularly evident within newly incorporated areas of municipal jurisdiction. The actions and behaviour of role-players in the system further compound the matter, which continue to frustrate the unifying of the divided city.
The Masakhane Campaign as a stand-alone education awareness campaign has failed to encourage municipal service-users to pay for these services. Furthermore, current gaps in the local authority system have been found to exist which mitigate against the development of interactive linkages between the local authority and communities. The filling of these gaps with appropriate municipal community structures has been identified by this research as a possible solution to overcome the problem of community development in post-apartheid South Africa. Current research in South Africa has noted that civic respcmsibility is best achieved within small, cohesive and well-managed community units.
The development of municipal community structure:s within defined geographic Uil.it.s particularly within newly-incorporated areas is proposed. A model towards communities perceptions on the supply of and payment for municipal services demonstrates how a local authority may acllieve stronger interactive linlcages with communities. Comprehensive development planning of wholt}
city developrnmt enables a local authority to formulate policy guidelines which may guide all stakeholders in the management and development prooess. The policy guidelines necessitate the re-arrangement of that local authority's institutional capacity and development of infrastructure.
Examples of municipal communitystrnctures are development fora and community service centres in newly-incozporated areas of the city. Such structures enable a local authority infrastructural c:hannels through which it can interact with communities. Opinion leaders and change agents are able to operate in a structured environment within smaller geographic units on behalf of the local authority.
An interpretaticm and applic.ation of the model enables a local authority to identify barriers which currently continue to allow the distortion of perceptions funned by citizens on city development and management issues. These distortions can be created by role-players in the system such as politicians making unrealistic promises to a largely ill-infonned audience. Furthennore messages from the local authority are not articulated by the recipient. A culture of entitlement was found to further distort percepticms. The research has identified the need for current and future citizens to be educated in the basic essentials of city management and development and civic respmsibilities, which should include training at school level A fundamental basis for citizm
educatioo and training would be an understanding of the delivery of affordable municipal services.
Ccnclusions and recommendations will be the subject of further discussion in Chapter Seven.
Municipal Cemmunlea1!1111 i strai.tala•
Provincial O-.tnment Loe. .... mmant i t (3 11-· -j 1bt•• Pcfle'"er,lary Grou Pa,llllca.l Par11H/
. � lndMdu.la
Th• En11lr.,nm.rrt / I ,�.,._ Grc,wpa
E• callo n Sy.t.., and Curr14:Ulllm
j
Figure 20 A base model on the formation of mental images
Global Economy
l lJhtnidpal '91R"iwlllliCIIICil I
i 8tnit9GIM i
I •
Fragmentl!d and , conlrolled • differerli l� 10 �""'t
!
r,a.-ts of tt,e e.panh<lld ! oity
1..acataa-mm.nt 7
hn:,eptilal Flit
An lndivickal'e F\?11Qe¢iof1 of how 111<1 City v.t>.1'S
t.111nldpal�
Ueflywy
• F111gme!11ed rlklla.l�
bded rr11.micip11I
&eMC� dellvecy
&y$l.9m
_ __J
• 0isJ)Ql'ete • primi:rity
-
mr-..-.rta muniolpa.1 1 ii
• City ae oconol"l'lio Un It artfficially dNided
..___ ___ _J
Pollllcal ParU.a/
IExln Pllrilamenbl,y Oro11pe/i lndMdual•
lnterNl 0.-0..,.
,__Uodle
• FTB!,mented ra,:iie\ly 1-c1--i111.11y oonlo,llad syst,l,m
• ll,b:lule or. how the cfty -lb not widen!
Figure 21 A model on the formation of mental images during the apartheid era
National Guv•rnm.nt
G labool Econo<ny
lll1111lcipal C0111mllllicall1111 ! ... leg'-e I
•FregmM\ted11nd :,ontroli<ld • mfla,.nl
�..,_ 1o different parta o1 me "F>•rt!'w!id city
• Disparate communicattOn systems
1 • Masakhane camp•i,;n
• Markati.r,g the city ;
J • Communrcetion 10 !
I tr,.dltlo,...al rntepayers �topped
I
1 Pl"Qlflnctel Ga_..,,.,....nt LOCIILI Govamrn•nt Tl•• l!!nvlron_,t
I •
Fn,gment..d racially•I based ,...,unicioal 1 ,.,.,.,;ea deli'Ve,y i �yst•m
• Conatitutlon&I changes
• Cheng• irt mun�lp,Of
!x,und!lori..,.
• lar11•' area of jurieldiction
• Disparate - primarily ! k>r Whll• •mmicipe.1 I
.,,..._ l
• Cit)' as acor!<lm!C ur,� artllici.,lly divided,
I
• lnlrQductiOn of s1ra1&9io
II""""
forpoet-eparthaid elti,
I
P<>Ull-1 P-••iExtra Panl•,n•ntary Orciup,,j lndht1duele Int.,_ Gt.,...pa
-""'" g�
and Cumi:ulum
• FraQmt!l••U•d noe:aly
�dcentral/y co=lle<:l .sy-m
• Module en haw the city ...., rl<II not 1Wlden(
• Si11Qle -eaucation aysm,n .,..r.1,ally COr,troH-w.1
• N� edt.10.tion curricurum
• Module on how the city WOl'1's""t ev1G1tnt
Figure 22 A model on the funnation ofmeutal images during the current post-apartheid period
fta11lonaf Gov•mrneni:
Global economy
111!1,1nfclpal C:""1111ic
ser.til(]l@S'
• f'rvgrncnted anil contmlled - ditrio...,nt nw.nages to dltrefent p:n'is DI' lhe 11 partheld.
city'
• Dis pa nit&
corrvnun ic:a fion
�,,-�if.c; ...
• MO:nktran• c.ill'l'4laign
• MarkOitirlg iN>·c!IY·
... COmmlirilallilfr'r lo
·fnditiDnal nitepaye;,, ,;lopped
• Ccrrnrn11niattiO'n sltategie• bdS<>d on Ma$Gkhane
i, i J •
Mailf«!ilng the cityJi •
oa.,.lopment rora ., ::i • Community service S! oontresPotiu.c:a1 Go.,..mment
dev ·t fora
Pol\ticai Par'tiesr Extra Parllamc,ntary Groups/
fndll,idoal•
lnt,,rest Groups
The l!.nvironrn .. ,.t · ✓ �----�---�
\ \
\
·01>1 C
PerC"ilplUJII, Fii li!l's
An:lndividual's Perceplion ol huw lhe City 'J\lorb
�nlil·5?�. -��.,detV
. ��J t�s ,__,_:._�,�.. . · -..-1ili>_J•lit tr•d�iQns.
-� . ·· · ·· �.i"oii elf
-�««<·,
Sfrigle .��� �.;....,
l""!ll� . .MunlcJpel .s.<,:vtce DellV•ry
• l"ra9m,mted raci..ity,-.
ba.Wd.tr,iinicpa't
;,;,;,il<a<! delivot,S, syelem
•·const111.dlo"nal changes
•· o.veTc,sime11t mandaao
c�
st,a1eglc-i:oais
• o�pa·ra"' -pri,r,arfly
�'""""" munlcipa.1
.. , ...
• Clly·as e09rrornic ufiit ■rtit'itially di'lldecl
• Jntroc111cu1,n or '3'ttalelile g,,a Is· for
po;,t-epa·rti..'id c'lty
W>1<)l,E-Crrt·OEV!=LO�f'AENT
• �1-1niciipa[&ervlce pravlsionlnd iii:alble d•livory,
equitable• •y,,\en-e;
and CC)ik:t:llng.:
monllol11'1g arid·
,;,r,f,:m,.,ment of riiiiriiclpal ·saw.::.
payment e EqUb. bl& g}'$tilll'n
ol o:ro•\lc subsklisa6on
•'Str:>tegic_fjlOBls .based on Masakhl<nil philosophy 'IMtltulional <aapadty .'/i. c:u..,..t'l'lor'fliendlV
•and business:c:lrivon
• Llmil¢d poiitlcaf In.tatff!ran·ce
• >. fot !<>Cal aulhtuity ICOde Ci(
"'°
lid'uctpei=noe( ··
• Monitoring !he�m
NewaMedla
,l!!:dUcatlon Syatem and COITICUlllJII
• Di,poro!e � p•rimarily for white munidpa'I s;eas
• M9(lur.:,, on .how the
<;lty
""''klo
not evi<le·nf• Single educalion system �ntrally
·t:ant,:olllld
• H eW education
·c:urrlc:ulurn
• 'Modula ·on Now lhe
.et1y·-tks lldt
,,.._.ldent
·• Local" ulf\on!Y e·cluca{ion foturn
• Adviee national education
--· ·• _________ .L ___________ _.. ____ --- Co,ponoie Cornpuhension·and lrrq,""1nenta1i0n· of .Sloelegc Goals·witt, lnterit
Figure 23 A model oo the formaticn of mental images: recommmdations for the future functicming of a democratic city
CHAPTER EIGHT
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH
The research identified specific issues related to the reconstruct.ion. development and transformation of the South African city. Specifically, the aims and objectives of the study in Chapter One focused on the following issues: