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Dalam dokumen amp amp; '! &amp amp; (Halaman 141-159)

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Table 3: Landuse & economic activity matrix Table 2.4 : Codes

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Principle 2:

Government has a constitutional obligation to provide basic services to all citizens (e.g. water, energy, health and educational facilities) wherever they reside.

Principle 3:

Beyond the constitutional obligation identified in Principle 2 above, government spending on fixed investment should be focused on localities of economic growth and/or economic potential, in order to gear up private-sector investment, stimulate sustainable economic activities and create long-term employment opportunities.

Principle 4:

Efforts to address past and current social inequalities should focus on people, not places. In localities where there are both high levels of poverty and demonstrated economic potential, this could include fixed capital investment beyond basic services to exploit the potential of those localities. In localities with low demonstrated economic potential, government should, beyond the provision of basic services, concentrate primarily on human capital development by providing education and training, social transfers such as grants and poverty-relief programmes. It should also reduce migration costs by providing labour-market intelligence to give people better information, opportunities and capabilities, to enable them to gravitate - if they choose to - to localities that are more likely to provide sustainable employment and economic opportunities.

Principle 5:

In order to overcome the spatial distortions of apartheid, future settlement and economic development opportunities should be channeled into activity corridors and nodes that are adjacent to or that link the main growth centres. Infrastructure investment should primarily support localities that will become major growth nodes in South Africa and the SADC region to create regional gateways to the global economy.

The NSDP principles are specifically aimed at focusing government action and investment, avoiding the so-called ‘watering-can’-approach and at enabling the developmental State to achieve maximum social and economic impact within the context of limited resources.

While focusing government economic infrastructure spending in areas with some potential for economic development may seem to exclude many other areas from development, this is in fact not the case.

Different regions have different economic potential and the spatial variations in the incidence of poverty are also vastly different.

The NSDP argues that these diverse and disparate spatial contexts suggests a policy approach which itself should be differentiated and conducive to the requirements of the different contexts. Hence, in areas of low or no economic potential, the path of development and poverty reduction should be through a focus on investment in human capital development (education, training, social welfare, sound rural development planning, aggressive land and agrarian reform and the expansion of agricultural extension services, etc.).

The Indian state of Kerala as well as Chile and Tunisia provide striking examples of the effect of this approach on poverty reduction and on overall human development in the so-called ‘shadow’ areas or areas with low potential.

local government. South Africa has three spheres of government that are distinct and interrelated.

Achieving policy coherence and coordination within such a context is complex. It is intended that the implementation of the strategies of different agencies and spheres of government be monitored in accordance with NSDP principles. In this sense, the NSDP principles are also seen as contributing to:

The principle of cooperative governance; and

The achievement of sustainable human settlements and of robust local economies within the framework of sustainable development.

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