Respondents were asked to complete their personal demographical infor- mation. Information requested in this section includes the respondent’s age, gender and race. A summary of the personal demographics is shown in fig- ure 6-1 below.
Figure 6-1: Bar chart showing personal demographics of respondents.
All respondents sampled are from South Africa with 58.8% of those re- spondents being between the ages of 21 and 30. Majority of the respondents were male with only 25.9% of them being female. Finally, the largest num- ber of responses where received by Indian respondents followed by Black, White and Coloured respondents respectively.
6.5 B
USINESSD
EMOGRAPHICS OFR
ESPONDENTSThe business demographics section details the business demographics of the sample. This section presents the statistics concerning the position of re- spondents at their organisations, the number of information technology em- ployees, respondents working experience, organisation location and the or- ganisation business sector. Results for each of the above sections is pre- sented below.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Yes No Under 21 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 female male Black Coloured Indian White
Live in SA Age Gender Race
100
17,6 58,8
18,8 4,7
25,9 74,1
29,4
3,5 41,2 PERCENTAGE 25,9
Personal demographics of respondents
6.5.1 Position of Respondents in The Sample
Respondents were asked to identify their position within the organisation in which they were employed. The results to this question is presented in figure 6-2 below.
Figure 6-2: Pie chart showing position of respondents in the sample.
A significant number of the respondents from the sample were developers.
This was followed by team leaders, project managers and development man- agers respectively.
6.5.2 Number of Information Technology Employees in an Organisa- tion
Respondents were asked about the number of information technology work- ers in their organisations. The results from the analysis is presented in figure 6-3 below. The figure shows the number of information technology employ- ees in an organisation.
12,90% 8,20%
10,60%
18,80%
5,90%
23,50%
7,10%
1,20% 1,20%
5,90%
1,20%
3,50%
Position of respondents in the sample
Project Manager Business analyst Development manager
Team leader Manager Developer
Tester CIO Clerk
Scrum master Quality assurance Other
Figure 6-3: Horizontal bar chart showing number of information technol- ogy employees in an organisation.
Most respondents worked in organisations that had between 6 to 25 infor- mation technology employees. Information technology organisations with 2 to 5 team members followed and micro organisations with less than 2 infor- mation technology employees were amongst the most common responses.
6.5.3 Working Experience of Respondents
Another question under business demographics was the number of years of experience of respondents with Agile methods. Figure 6-4 below shows the working experience with Agile methods of the sample.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
<2 2 - 5 6 - 25 26 - 100 101 - 500 501 - 1000
>1000
Number of information technology employees in an organisation
Figure 6-4: Vertical bar chart showing the working experience of respond- ents with Agile methods.
The results show that 35.3% of respondents have more than five years’ ex- perience with Agile methods and 32.9% of them have had between two and five years of experience. Finally, 31.8% percent of respondents have had under two years of experience with Agile methods. As such 68.2% of re- spondents have more than two year of experience with Agile methods.
6.5.3 Respondent Location
Analysed data about the location of respondents is shown in figure 6-5 be- low.
Province Percent
Eastern Cape 1,2%
Gauteng 3,5%
KwaZulu-Natal 90,6%
Western Cape 4,7%
Figure 6-5: Table showing the location of respondents in South Africa.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Under 2 years 2 - 5 years 6 - 10 years 11 - 20 years Over 20 years
Percentage
Agile Experience
Majority of the respondents in this sample were from KwaZulu-Natal this was followed by Western Cape, Gauteng and finally Eastern Cape respec- tively.
6.4.5 Organisation Business Sector
Finally, respondents were required to identify the business section in which their organisation operated. Figure 6-6 below shows the organisation busi- ness sectors of the sample.
Figure 6-6: Line chart showing the organisation business sectors of the sample.
The sample consists of respondents across all of the business sectors with the majority of respondents operating within the information technology sector. The lack of data from other sectors makes it difficult to perform col- laborative statistics on this data.
6.6 T
HES
TATEO
FA
GILEI
NS
OUTHA
FRICAResults presented in this section of the questionnaire focused on the state of Agile in South Africa and will be presented in the following sub-sections:
3,5 1,2 3,5 2,4
80
1,2 3,5 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2
Percentage
Organisation business sector
The duration that the respondent has been practicing Agile.
The size of Agile teams.
The geographical distribution of Agile teams.
The frequency of communication between stakeholders and the Agile team.
The Type of Agile methodologies/frameworks used by respond- ents.
The iteration length of Agile Methodologies.
The organisation Agile adoption strategy.
Suitable project types for Agile methods.
6.6.1 The Extent That Organisations Use Agile Methods
The first question in this section related to the extent to, which respondents practise Agile in their respective organisations. A summary of the results is presented in figure 6-7 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Always 21 24.7 24.7 24.7
Most of the time
26 30.6 30.6 55.3
Sometimes 12 14.1 14.1 69.4
Rarely 26 30.6 30.6 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-7: Table showing the extent that organisations use Agile.
Applying the chi-square goodness-of-fit test shows that there is no signifi- cant difference between the selections of the four response options in the table above. However, it is significant that nobody selected the ‘never’ op- tion. This corroborates with the fact the only those with Agile experience participated in this study.
6.6.2 The Respondent’s Knowledge of Agile
The second question asked respondents to rate their knowledge of Agile on a scale of 1 to 5. A summary of the results is presented in figure 6-8 and figure 6-9 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 1 15 17.6 17.6 17.6
2 16 18.8 18.8 36.5
3 22 25.9 25.9 62.4
4 27 31.8 31.8 94.1
5 5 5.9 5.9 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-8: Table showing the respondents knowledge of Agile.
N Mini- mum
Maxi- mum
Mea n
Std. Devia- tion Knowledge of
Agile
85 1 5 2.89 1.205
Valid N (list- wise)
85
Figure 6-9: Table showing the results of the Wilcoxon Signed ranks test with regards to respondent’s knowledge of Agile.
Using the Wilcoxon Signed ranks test it was found that the average knowledge of respondents about Agile methods is 2.89. However, it must be noted that this is not significantly different from the central score of 3. As such no significant knowledge of the lack thereof can be interpreted with regards to this question.
6.6.3 The Duration That the Respondent Has Been Practicing Agile The third question in this section relates to the duration that respondents have been practised Agile methods. A summary of the results is presented in figure 6-10 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid <1 year 45 52.9 52.9 52.9
1 - 2 years 23 27.1 27.1 80.0
3 - 4 years 8 9.4 9.4 89.4
5 - 6 years 3 3.5 3.5 92.9
7 - 8 years 3 3.5 3.5 96.5
>8 years 3 3.5 3.5 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-10: Table showing the experience of respondents with Agile methods.
The chi-square goodness-of-fit test shows that most respondents indicated that they are practicing AGILE for up to 2 years (χ2(5, N=85) = 101.706, p<.0005 (Refer to addendum 2 for further details).
6.6.4 The Size of Agile Teams
The fourth question in this section concerns the size of Agile teams. The results from the data analysis is presented in figure 6-11 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid 1 - 5 37 43.5 43.5 43.5
6 - 10 37 43.5 43.5 87.1
11 - 15 7 8.2 8.2 95.3
16 - 20 2 2.4 2.4 97.6
>30 2 2.4 2.4 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-11: Table showing the size of Agile teams.
The chi-square goodness-of-fit test shows that the most numbers of respond- ents had team sizes between 1 to 10 members (Refer to addendum 3 for fur- ther details).
6.6.5 The Geographical Distribution of Agile Teams
The fifth question in this section relates to the geographical distribution of Agile teams. The analysed data is presented in figure 6-12 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid Same
room
39 45.9 45.9 45.9
Same floor 11 12.9 12.9 58.8
Same building
10 11.8 11.8 70.6
Same campus
9 10.6 10.6 81.2
Within driving distance of each other
9 10.6 10.6 91.8
Within same time zone
5 5.9 5.9 97.6
Different time zones
2 2.4 2.4 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-12: Table showing the geographical distribution of Agile teams.
It is significant to note that according to the chi-square goodness-of-fit test most respondents had Agile teams in the same room (Refer to addendum 4 for further details).
6.6.6 The Frequency of Communication between Stakeholders and the Agile Team
The sixth question in this section concerns the frequency of communication amongst stakeholders and the Agile team. A summary of the results is pre- sented in figure 6-13 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid Regularly -
daily
35 41.2 41.2 41.2
Regularly - weekly
36 42.4 42.4 83.5
At the start of an itera- tion
5 5.9 5.9 89.4
As needed 9 10.6 10.6 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-13: Table showing the frequency of communication in Agile teams.
According to the chi-square goodness-of-fit test most respondents indicated that they engaged with stakeholders on a daily or weekly basis (Refer to addendum 5 for further details).
6.6.7 The Type of Agile Methodologies/Frameworks used by Respond- ents
The seventh question relates to the type of Agile methodology/framework practiced by respondents. The results from the data analysis is presented in figure 6-14 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Scrum 71 83.5 83.5 83.5
Hybrid Custom
4 4.7 4.7 88.2
Kanban 3 3.5 3.5 91.8
Extreme program- ming
3 3.5 3.5 95.3
Lean 1 1.2 1.2 96.5
Agile unified modelling
2 2.4 2.4 98.8
K8 1 1.2 1.2 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-14: Table showing the popular Agile methodologies/frameworks.
The most common Agile methodologies/frameworks as reported by re- spondents in this study is Scrum as indicated by the chi-square goodness-of- fit test (Refer to addendum 6 for further details).
6.6.8 The Iteration Length of Agile Methodologies
The eight question in this section concerns the length of iterations practiced by respondents. Figure 6-15 below presents the analysed data
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid 1 - 7
days
28 32.9 32.9 32.9
8 - 14 days
30 35.3 35.3 68.2
15 - 21 days
7 8.2 8.2 76.5
22 - 30 days
10 11.8 11.8 88.2
over 30 days
10 11.8 11.8 100.0
Most respondents reported that they practiced between one and two week iterations according to the chi-square goodness-of-fit test (Refer to adden- dum 7 for further details).
6.6.9 The Organisation Agile Adoption Strategy
The ninth question in this section relates to the adoption strategy of the or- ganisation. A summary of the result data is presented in figure 6-16 below.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent Valid Early
adopter
27 31.8 31.8 31.8
Fast fol- lower
18 21.2 21.2 52.9
Late adopter
40 47.1 47.1 100.0
Total 85 100.0 100.0
Figure 6-16: Table showing the organisation adoption strategy.
Most organisations reported that they were late adopters of Agile methodol- ogies according to the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. (Refer to addendum 8 for further details).
6.6.9 Suitable project types for Agile methods
The final question in this section asked respondents to rank the suitability of Agile methods to the various software development sectors. A summary of the result data is presented in figure 6-17 below.
Figure 6-17: Line chart showing the type of projects that are suited to Agile methods.
According to the Wilcoxon signed ranks test web sites, web based applica- tions, desktop applications and mobile applications are significantly suited to Agile methods. (Refer to addendum 9 for further details).