8. MARKETING OF CARVING WOOD IN KENyA
8.2 Round wood trnde in Kenya
8.5.3 Unit pri ce variation by size class (diameter)
The diameter-frequency profiles of the various species of carving wood (chapter 7) gave an indication of the most intensively utilized size classes. The diameter-unit price curves are intended to show the timber sizes at which the market prices are the highest under the existing pricing system. Further, the curves are likely to show the degree of price uniformity relative to size, or better still, the efficiency of the price allocation for a given species and market relative to other markets for the same species, keeping other market factors constant. It also indicates the limitation of the present pricing systems of logs by the cooperatives.
Various unit price-diameter profiles are discussed below.
Brachylaena huillensis
The highest diameter-unit price value for Brachylaena huillensis showed a slight variation across markets (Figure 8.8). The highest prices were recorded for the diameters 14cm (Wamunyu), 16cm (Gikomba), 14cm (Malindi) and 13cm (Mombasa). These values are nearly the same as those obtained from the diameter-frequency profiles for the respective markets (see Figure 7.4, chapter 7). The narrow range of diameter-unit price values show that although the unit price values themselves vary as influenced by market factors and externalities, the criteria for detemlining the price is uniform across markets.
Although the highest diameter -unit price values for Brachylaena huillensis wood entering all these carving centers were generally close, and that the unit prices for large diameter wood showed a declining trend, the rate of decline across the centers varied considerably (Figure 8.8). For example, the least steady decline in diameter-unit price was observed for the wood entering Mombasa carving center (Figure 8.8 a), particularly for wood of diameter above 16 cm with unit price values in the year 1998 almost doubling in 1999 / 2000 for the same size of wood. The same observation of doubling in unit prices was made at Gikomba center but the unit price decline was steady (Figure 8 .8c). The steadiest variation in diameter-unit price was observed in Malindi carving center and the wood unit prices across the years and wood diameters were also noted to differ only slightly (Figure 8.8b). Generally, the highest prices for Brachylaena huillensis were recorded at Wamunyu where the differences between the years are distinctive (Figure 8.8d). Nanyuki and Lungalunga recorded the lowest unit values owing to the availability of the raw materials near the respective centers (Figure 8.8 e and Figure 8.8£).
Dalbergia melanoxyloll
The highest diameter-unit price for Dalbergia melanoxylon as established by the study varies from 16cm (Wamunyu), 16cm (Gikomba) and 20cm (Mombasa) as shown in Figure 8.9 and are generally higher than the optimum values for Brachylaena hufllensis. Generally, high unit values for Dalbergia melanoxylon were recorded above 20cm diameter classes in all centers except Wamunyu where logs of 15cm to 18 cm were highly priced (Figure 8.9 d).
~ 18000
M
-:::: ~
..r::
14000
V)
~
Cl.)
10000
u
0.
'-c 6000
::J
2000 6
~ 18000
"' c:
1: Vl 14000
~
Cl.)
10000
'C u
c- c 6000
::J
2000
18000
"'
~ ..r::
14000
V)
~
Cl.)
10000
u 'C c-
c 6000
::J
2000
(a) Mombasa
14 22
Diameter (cm)
(b) Malindi
6 14 22
Diamett:r (cm)
(c) Gikomba
6 14 22
Diameter (cm)
30
30
30
--+-1998 - - 1 999 -- -- - -2000
~1998
- - 1 999 - - ----2000
--+--1998 - - 1 999 ---- --2000
Figure 8.8: Unit price (Ksh/m3) variation for various size classes of Brachylaena huillensis in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Mombasa (b) Malindi and (c) Gikomba carving centers.
~ 18000
- .
'> E u; 14000
~
8 10000
'':;
0.
c 6000 :J
(d) Wamunyu
2000 LX _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(e) Nanyuki
- - - - ----- - - - -~ ----_._-." _.-
~. 18000
ME
---
.J::
14000
(/)
~ -...-
Il) 10000
( j
'':;
.-0. c 6000
:J
2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(f) Lungalunga
r·----· --.. -- ._- 18000
- .
E-...
.J:: Cl) 14000
~
Il)
( j 10000
'':;
0.
c 6000 :J
2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
--+--1998 - - 1999 -- - ---2000
--+-- 1998 - - 1999 - - - 2000
--+--1998 - - 1999 - -- ... 2000
Figure 8.8 (cont.): Unit price (Ksh/m3) variation for various size classes of Brachylaena huillensis in the years 1998-2000 at (d) Wamunyu (e) Nanyuki and (f) Lungalunga carving centers.
(a) Mombasa
~. E 18000
---
..c:
C/l 14000
::.:: - + - -1<)98
(1) 10000
u - - 19<)<)
·c
0- - -----2000
~ 6000 :::J
2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(b) Malindi
18000 _._._ --_._---_._---_._. __ .---.-.-
~.
---
E 14000..c:
::.:: C/l -+--1998
~-,--,
(1) 10000 - - 1999
·c u
0- 6000 - --- - - 2000
c
:::J 2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
( c) Gikomba
--'-~""-'--.. _ ..... --.. ---.... ~--:---..
~. E 18000 :>2
C/l 14000
::.:: -+--199g
(1) 10000
u - - 1999
Q. --- -- - 2000
6000
::::J c
2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
Figure 8.9: Unit price variation for various size classes for Dalbergia melanoxylon in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Mombasa (b) Malindi and (c) Gikomba and (d) Wamunyu carving centers
(d) Wamunyu
~ 22000 - , - - - -
~,
:c
E 18000Ul
~ 14000
dJ
g
100000-
t:: 6000
:::l 2000
6 14 22
Diameter (cm)
30
• 1998
- -1999
- - - -2000
Figure 8.9 (cont.): Unit price variation for various size classes for Da/bergia melanoxylon in the years 1998-2000 at (d) Wamunyu carving center.
Olea europeae
Olea europeae showed similar trends to that of Dalbergia melanoxylon where large diameter classes of above 20 cm were highly priced (Figure 8.10). However, the prices recorded at Gikomba were the highest (Figure 8.1 Ob), while those recorded at Mombasa, Wamunyu and Nanyuki were fairly uniform (Figure 8.10 a, c and d).
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica unit prices were relatively low and uniform for both Mombasa and Malindi centers (Figure 8.11 a, b), with slightly higher values recorded in Mombasa. Smaller logs were generally priced higher, particularly for diameters between 10 and 14cm.
Terminalia brownii
Terminalia brownii shows a general increase in unit price with an increase in diameter for both Gikomba and Wamunyu centers (Figure 8.12a, b). There has been a general increase in unit price over the period from 1998 to 20GO over all size classes.
Combretum schumannii
The unit prices for Combretum schumannii increased with increasing diameter III both Mombasa and Malindi centers (Figure 8.13a, b).
~ . .§ .r:
~ er.
0)
u '':
0- ::::
:::J
'" .§
.r: <J1
~ ~
u 0)
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0- .
-
:::::::J
(a) Mombasa
- - - - ---'-"' -'-'- - - ' -' -.
~. 18000 .§ .r:
14000
<J1
~
0) 10000
'': u 0-
't: 6000
:::J
2000
-- ---- -- --- ;
- ... --- ~ ... ·~ l
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(b) Gikomba
- - - - - - - -- - - _ . _----..
18000 14000 10000
-... ,
6000 :2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(c) Wamllnyu
. _- -- - ----_._--_._--.. -~
18000 14000
10000
6000 . . _ . . .. . . ~. • --.-- -h .or--' . • . . •
• • •
2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
• 1998 - - - 1999 - --- - - 2000
• 1998
- - - 1':1':1':1
- - --- - 2000
• 1998 - - - 1 999 -- - - .. 2000
Figure 8.10: Unit price variation for various size classes for Olea europaea in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Mombasa (b) Gikomba and (c) Wamunyu carving centers
~. E 18000 --...
.r::
Vl 14000
~
Q) 10000
.~
0- 6000
~ c:
2000
(d) Nanyuki
. . . . . .. . P~
• • • • • • •
6 14 22
Diameter (cm)
• • .-=--:; ;
30
• 199!\
- - 1999 ... ·2000
Figure 8.10 (cont.): Unit price variation for various size classes for Olea europaea in the years 1998-2000 at (d) Nanyuki carving center
(a) Mombasa
,---- - -- -- -- - - _ . _ - -
~ 18000
~
--
E..!:
14000
Cl)
~ --+--1998
IU 10000
u
- - 1999
·c
Co - -- . - ·2000
6000
c:
.=r
t --'::J 2000
.... --- -----
• • • • I
• • • •
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(b) Malindi
-- - - ---_ .. _--_. _.
,-..
18000
~
::::: E 14000
Cl)
~ --+--1998
IU 10000
u
- - 1999
·c
0- . - -_. - 2000
6000
c:
::J 2000
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
Figure 8.11: Unit price variation for various size classes for Azadirachta indica in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Mombasa (b) and Malindi carving centers
~, --.
18000 ..§ ..c
Vl 14000
~ '-"
Q) 10000
'C u c. 6000
~ c:
2000 6
--. 18000 ,..,
::c E 14000
Vl
~
Q) 10000
'C u c.
C 6000
~ 2000 6
(a) Gikomba
.. .. .. ~ .. ..
14 22
Diameter (cm)
(b) Wamunyu
....... ...... -
,. .... .. ... .. ..
14 22
Diameter (cm)
30
30
-+--1998 - -- 1999 ... ·2000
• 1998 ---1999 ... .. ·2000
Figure 8.12: Unit price variation for various size classes for Terminalia brownii in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Gikomba (b) and Wamunyu carving centers
~. ..§ 18000
..c v: 14000 ::.::
Vi 10000
II.l u '': c.
6000
:J c: 2000
~
'" E 18000
--
..c:
Vi 14000 ::.::
.... )0000
·c u 0.
c: 6000
:J 2000
(a) Mombasa
. - ---- --.
, ---
~ .... -.- ... ~
6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(b) Malindi
~~_:_--:";;::" "~.:::::;-
•
.-:-:.-=-~~-"-".... -- " - ...
~6 14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
---+-1998 - - 1999
"""""" 2000
---+- 199~
- - - )999
" " " " " "2000
Figure 8.13: Unit price variation for various size classes for Combretum schumanii in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Mombasa (b) and Malindi carving centers
Mallgifera illdica
Mangifera indica generally has a low unit price, with prices being highest in small diameter
logs. Unit prices were lower in Malindi than in Mombasa (Figure 8.14a, b). The unit price has
remained relatively constant over the period from 1998 to 2000 over all size classes.
Jacaranda mimosifolia
The unit prices for Jacaranda mimosifolia increased with increasing diameter at the Gikomba center (Figure 8.14c).
~ ("')
18000
--
E ..cUl 14000
~
Cl) 10000
.~ u P- 6000
. ::>
-
t:.
-2000 6
~ ("')
18000
--
E ..cUl 14000
~
Cl) 10000
.~ u P-
~ 6000 ::> t:
2000 6
("') 18000
--
E ..c Ul 14000~
Cl) 10000
u
.~
P-
~ 6000 ::> t:
2000 6
(a) Mombasa (Mango)
---_._-- - - . - - - - . - - - - -.. -~
• • -i - -'-' • • • • .
-. .
--.
14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(b) Malindi (Mango)
- - - ----.--~.-~---.-.. - .
~ .. -.. ----.. ..
-
.... -... ..........14 22 30
Diameter (cm)
(c) Gikomba (Jacaranda)
14 22 30
Diameter (C111)
- + - - 1998
I - - - 1 9 9 9 - - -- - -200()
- + - - 1998
---19~~
- . --- - 2000
- + - - 1998 - - - 1999 . --- - -2000
Figure 8.13: Unit price variation for various size classes for Mangifera indica in the years 1998-2000 at (a) Mombasa and (b) Maiindi, and of Jacaranda mimosifolia at (c) Gikomba carving centers.