LITERATURE REVIEW
4.7 INSTRUMENTATION
5.2.3 Results of responses of educators according to each item
5.2.2.6 Who is in Charge of HIV/AIDS prevention and control at your school?
Figure 5.3 People in charge of HIV/AIDS prevention
Principals Teachers Learners Missing Cases
Out of 40 (100%) only 3 (7.5%) were Principals who seemed to be interested in the HIV/AIDS prevention while 11 (27.5%) were teachers and 17 (42.5%) were learners with 9 (22.5%) missing cases. Fig. 5.3 above shows these findings. The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS necessitates education in schools to pursuit the methods of prevention care.
74 5.2.3.1 Item 1 asked whether HIV/AIDS leads to loss of childhood
Table 5.4 Responses according to Item 1
Item 1 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 37 1.08 97.5
Disagree 3 0.042 7.5
Table 5.4 above arranges and separates the responses of teachers to the first item in order of agreeing and disagreeing. Out of a total of 40 people 37(97.5%), with a mean of 1.08, agreed that HIV/AIDS leads to loss of childhood while only 3(7.5%) with a mean of 0.042 disagreed. This shows that most of the children lose their childhood and tend to care for their siblings because of HIV/AIDS.
5.2.3.2 Item 2 asked whether HIV/AIDS leads to drop-out at school
Table 5.5 Responses according to Item 2
Item 2 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 38 1.05 95
Disagree 2 0.035 5.0
Table 5.5 shows the responses of teachers according to the second item. Out of 40 people, 38(95.0%) with a mean of 1.05 agreed with the statement while 2 (5.0%) with a mean of 0.035 disagreed. This shows that most of the children leave schools because of HIV/AIDS problems.
5.2.3.2 Item 3 asked whether affected children go through much stress and depression
Table 5.6 Responses according to Item 3
Item 3 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 30 1.25 75%
Disagree 10 0.069 25%
Out of a total of 40, 30 (75%) with a mean of 1.25 agreed and 10 (25%) with a mean of 0.069 disagreed with item 3. The mean of “Agree” is 1.25. This is higher than the mean of “Disagree”. This shows that most children at school go through much stress and depression owing to HIV/AIDS problems or other problems.
5.2.3.3 Item 4 asked whether teachers know of any learners who left school because of HIV/AIDS
Table 5.7 Responses according to Item 4
Item 4 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 11 0.071 27.5
Disagree 29 1.73 72.5
As shown in Table 5.7 above, only 11 (27.5%) with a mean of 0.071 agreed that they know learners who left school because of HIV/AIDS, and 29 (72.5%) with a mean of 1.73 said they do not know about learners who have left school because of HIV/AIDS. However, the fact is that most learners are leaving school at an alarming rate. This shows that most teachers do not know the real reason why pupils leave schools. Teachers should investigate the matter.
76 5.2.3.4 Item 5 asked whether children with HIV/AIDS should be
regarded under special education
Table 5.8 Responses according to Item 5
Item 5 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 11 0.073 27.5
Disagree 28 1.72 70.0
Missing 1 2.5
Table 5.8 shows that only 11 (27.5%) with a mean of 0.073 teachers agreed that children with HIV/AIDS should be regarded under special education, while 28 (70.0%) with a mean of 1.72 disagreed with 1 (2.5%) missing case. This shows that most teachers do not like the issue of teaching HIV/AIDS children under special education.
5.2.3.5 Item 6 asked whether teachers know of any learner infected with HIV/AIDS
Table 5.9 Responses according to Item 6
Item 6 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 11 0.071 27.5
Disagree 29 1.73 72.5
Table 5.9 above shows that 11 (27.5%) with a mean of 0.071 respondents said they know learners are infected with HIV/AIDS, while 29 (72.5%) said they do not know about infected learners but most of the learners leave school because of sickness. Therefore it is not clear to them whether learners are infected with HIV/AIDS or not.
5.2.3.6 Item 7 asked whether learners are exposed to appropriate information on HIV/AIDS or the danger of unprotected sex
Table 5.10 Responses according to item 7
Item 7 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 13 0.075 32.5
Disagree 27 1.68 67.5
Out of 40 respondents, 13 (32.5%) with a mean of 0.075 agreed that learners are exposed to appropriate information on HIV/AID or the dangers of unprotected sex, while 27 (67.5%) with a mean of 1.68 disagreed; they said their learners are not exposed to appropriate information on HIV/AIDS and unprotected sex.
5.2.3.7 Item 8 asked whether HIV/AIDS affects school enrolment
Table 5.11 Responses according to item 8
Item 8 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 36 1.10 90%
Disagree 4 0.048 10%
As shown in Table 5.11, 36 (90%) respondents agreed with the statement while only 4 (10%) disagreed. This shows that school enrolment is affected by HIV/AIDS because most learners leave school owing to HIV/AIDS problems and most teachers die because of HIV/AIDS.
78 5.2.3.8 Item 9 asked whether teachers encourage parents to talk about
sex issues to their children
Table 5.12 Responses according to Item 9
Item 9 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 38 1.05 95%
Disagree 2 0.035 5%
Out of 40 respondents, 38 (95%) agreed while 2 (5%) disagreed with item 9.
Most respondents (95%) said they always encourage parents to talk about sex issues to their children, though it is very difficult for the parents, especially for those who are living in rural areas, to expect them to talk about sex issues with their children. Only 5% of the respondents said they do not encourage parents to talk about sex issues with their children because parents think it is not good to discuss sex issues with children.
5.2.3.9 Item 10 asked whether respondents know of any of their colleagues infected with HIV/AIDS
Table 5.13 Responses according to Item 10
Item 10 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 10 1.75 25%
Disagree 30 0.069 75%
As shown in Table 5.13, only 10 (25%) out of 40 respondents agreed that they know of any of their colleagues infected with HIV/AIDS, while 30 (75%) said they do not know of any of their colleagues infected with HIV/AIDS. This shows that most infected people are afraid to tell other people about their HIV/AIDS status as they fear discrimination.
5.2.3.10 Item 11 asked whether affected children were ostracized by
their peers
Table 5.14 Responses according to Item 11
Item 11 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 25 1.38 62.5%
Disagree 15 0.078 37.5%
The percentage of the respondents who agreed is 62.5%. This is higher than 37.5% respondents who disagreed with item 11. This shows that affected children are being rejected by their peers; this is particularly so because of society’s negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS, and owing to such feelings as embarrassment, humiliation and shame. Children may even play truant or avoid peer contact in fear of being victimized.
5.2.3.11 Item 12 asked whether learners display signs of low self- esteem
Table 5.15 Responses according to Item 12
Item 12 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 31 1.23 77.5%
Disagree 9 0.067 22.5%
Most respondents (77.5%) agreed, while 9 (22.5%) disagreed. This shows that most affected children display signs of low self-esteem, owing to the stigma, discrimination and negative attitudes towards HIV/AIDS related illness.
80 5.2.3.12 Item 13 asked whether HIV/AIDS increases the number of
orphans and increase incidents of child labour
Table 5.16 Responses according to Item 13
Item 13 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 39 1.02 97.5%
Disagree 1 0.025 2.5%
Out of 40 respondents, 39 (97.5%) agreed with the item while only 1 (2.5%) disagreed. This shows that most children have lost their parents because of HIV/AIDS problems. The high the percentage in “Agree” is consistent with the reviewed literature that HIV/AIDS increases a number of orphans and increase incidents of child labour (Davis, 1995:8).
5.2.3.13 Item 14 asked whether HIV/AIDS orphans eventually resort to being street children
Table 5.17 Responses according to Item 14
Item 14 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 36 1.10 90%
Disagree 4 0.048 10%
The percentage of the respondents who agreed is 90%. This is higher than the 10% of respondents who disagreed with item 14. This shows that HIV/AIDS orphans face many challenges, find themselves in very painful circumstances and eventually resort to being street children. The high percentage of the respondents who agreed, is consistent with the reviewed literature of this study.
5.2.3.14 Item 15 asked whether HIV/AIDS provoke feelings of embarrassment and shame
Table 5.18 Responses according to Item 15
Item 15 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 36 1.10 90%
Disagree 4 0.048 10%
As shown in Table 5.18, 36 (90%) of respondents agreed while only 4 (10%) of respondents disagreed with statement 15. This shows that it is true for most people, including children, HIV/AIDS related illness provoke feelings of humiliation, embarrassment, shame and children start feeling helpless, hopeless and eventually, view life as worthless. The high the percentage of respondents who agreed is consistent with the reviewed literature of this study.
5.2.3.15 Item 16 asked education whether HIV/AIDS orphans become aggressive, sullen or revert to drugs
Table 5.19 Responses according to Item 16
Item 16 No. of
Respondents
Mean Percentage (%)
Agree 36 1.10 90%
Disagree 4 0.048 10%
The percentage of the respondents who agreed is 90% while the percentage of the respondents who disagreed is only 10%. This shows that HIV/AIDS orphans are being uprooted from the family home and the community, migrating to a completing new environment, which is associated with much uncertainty and stress. The high the percentage of the respondents who agreed is consistent with the reviewed literature that HIV/AIDS orphans become aggressive, sullen or revert to drugs (Davis, 1995:4).
82 5.2.4 Summary
The items from 1-16 were found to be reliable for this study. The internal consistency reliability was consistent with previously reported statistics of very good reliability in research studies, with the exception of a few instances where impact can be regarded as negligible.
5.2.5 BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION OF RESPONDENTS (LEARNERS)