Table 4.14: The general combining ability effects (GCA) of parents for plant height
Parents Plant height
MTG† MTP MSMLR Across MSMSR Across
No drought stress RMD
Interspecific
NERICA 1 -0.84ns 0.52ns -3.10ns -1.14 -3.79* -1.80ns
NERICA 2 -3.28** 0.55ns -0.59ns -1.11 -4.26** -1.89ns
CT16323-CA-25-M -2.30* -0.61ns -2.22ns -1.71 -2.18ns -1.83ns CT16333(1)-CA-22-M 4.12*** 3.44*** -1.39ns 2.06 0.29ns 1.61ns
NERICA -L- 25 0.64ns 2.15* 1.23ns 1.34 1.88ns 1.47ns
Oryza sativa L.
Vandana 3.72*** -1.03ns 2.99ns 1.89 6.88*** 3.14**
Duorado 4.12*** 0.87ns 1.86ns 2.28 4.29** 2.78**
IR74371-54-1-1 -3.12** -3.50*** -1.40ns -2.67* 0.70ns -1.83ns
Luyin 46 -2.43* -1.97ns 0.12ns -1.43 -0.06ns -1.08ns
IR55423-01 -0.65ns -0.40ns 2.51ns 0.49 -3.75ns -0.57ns
*, **, ***, Significant at p< 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively; ns, non-significant
†MTG, Matuga; MTP, Mtwapa, MSMLR, Msambweni long rain; MSMSR, Msambweni short rain; RMD, Random managed drought stress
4.3.8 Specific combining ability effects
4.3.8.2 Under random managed drought stress
Nine F3 populations showed significant SCA effects for days to heading (Table 4.16). Of these, the effects were lowest and negative for population CT16323-CA-25-M x IR74371-54- 1-1, followed by population CT16323-CA-25-M x IR55423-01 while Luyin 46 x IR55423-01 showed the highest positive effects. The SCA effects for days to anthesis were significant for 10 populations and were lowest and negative for population NERICA-L-25 x IR74371-54-1-1 and highest and positive for Luyin 46 x IR55423-01. For days to maturity 15 populations showed significant effects with population CT16323-CA-25-M x IR74371-54-1-1 showing the lowest and negative effects while CT16323-CA-25-M x NERICA-L-25 showed highest and positive effects. All the F3 populations showed non-significant SCA effects for number of productive tillers per plant. The F3 population NERICA-L-25 x IR74371-54-1-1 showed the highest highly significant (p<0.01) and positive SCA effects for plant height.
4.3.8.3 Across environments
Specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all the characters under study across environments are presented in Table 4.16. The SCA effects for days to heading, days to anthesis and days to maturity were significant for less that 25% of the populations with a few populations showing positive effects. The populations NERICA-L-25 x IR74371-54-1-1 followed by CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Luyin 46 showed the lowest highly significant negative SCA for days to heading and days to anthesis while population Luyin 46 x Vandana followed by NERICA 1 x NERICA 2 showed the highest significant (P<0.01) positive effects. For days to maturity population NERICA 2 x IR55423-01 showed the lowest negative SCA effect while population IR55423-01 x Vandana followed by Luyin 46 x NERICA-L-25 had the highest positive effects. All the F3 populations showed non-significant SCA effects for number of productive tillers per plant while plant height was significant and positive for CT16323-CA- 25-M x Vandana only.
Table 4.15: The specific combining ability effects (SCA) of F3 populations for days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, tiller number and plant height across no drought stress environments.
F3 population DH† DA DM TNO PH
NERICA 1 x NERICA 2 4.23 3.95 -0.94 0.76 1.7
NERICA 1 x Duorado 1.25 3.89 1.07 -0.03 -2.02
NERICA 1 x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M -1.73 -1.58 -1.47 1.11 1.98
NERICA 1 x CT16323-CA-25-M 0.58 0.17 -1.14 -0.04 0.18
NERICA 1 x Luyin 46 -2.22 -3.28 -0.49 -1.06 1.62
NERICA 1 x NERICA -L- 25 0.55 0.35 1.13 -0.89 1.63
NERICA 1 x IR55423-01 -4.15 -3.83 -1.37 0.29 1.15
NERICA 1 x Vandana -1.15 -1.37 -1.54 -0.47 1.9
NERICA 1 x IR74371-54-1-1 -3.07 -1.57 0.03 -0.57 -3.92
NERICA 2 x Duorado 1.3 1.04 1.95 0.28 -0.05
NERICA 2 x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M -0.18 -0.27 0.92 -0.15 -0.18
NERICA 2 x CT16323-CA-25-M 1.63 2.49 1.92 -0.18 0.78
NERICA 2 x Luyin 46 (E x M) -5.67* -5.80** -0.6 -0.22 5.06
NERICA 2 x NERICA -L- 25 -1.57 -1.33 -0.15 -0.37 -0.38
NERICA 2 x IR55423-01 -4.1 -4.35* -4.65* 0.07 0.91
NERICA 2 x Vandana 2.4 2.29 2.52 -1.09 -1.51
NERICA 2 x IR74371-54-1-1 (E x EM) -8.28* -7.88* -4.52 0.06 1.63 Duorado x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M 3.67 3.34 3.42 1.47 1.75
Duorado x CT16323-CA-25-M 3.32 3.25 4.58* 0.19 1.44
Duorado x Luyin 46 -4.32 -5.20* -3.27 0.16 -0.23
Duorado x NERICA -L- 25 1.12 2.1 -1.99 0.2 -5.93
Duorado x IR55423-01 (E x M) -5.58* -6.08** -4.49* -1.16 -1.19
Duorado x Vandana 1.75 1.39 3.52 -0.04 1.26
DuoradoxIR74371-54-1-1 -3.47 -2.98 2.98 -1.12 -4.28
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x CT16323-CA-25-M -0.83 -1.22 -0.62 -0.02 -4.15 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Luyin 46 (EM X M) -6.30** -6.33** -1.97 -1.04 -1.32 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x NERICA -L- 25 -1.37 -1.2 -0.69 -1.76* 4.55 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x IR55423-01( EM x M) 5.60* 5.79** 5.32* 0.17 -3.97
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Vandana -0.07 0.42 0.65 -0.11 -1.29
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x IR74371-54-1-1 -5.15 -5.02 3.02 -0.41 -2.09
CT16323-CA-25-M x Luyin 46 -0.32 -0.58 0.2 0.05 -5.87
CT16323-CA-25-M x NERICA-L- 25 -0.22 -0.78 1.82 0.08 -0.22
CT16323-CA-25-M x IR55423-01 -4.08 -4.63* -1.69 -0.42 -2.47
CT16323-CA-25-M x Vandana -1.75 -2 -4.35 0.4 5.89
CT16323-CA-25-M x IR74371-54-1-1 -1.63 -2.1 5.85 0.42 5.89
Luyin 46 x NERICA -L- 25 -0.68 0.44 1.63 -0.01 0.49
Luyin 46 x IR55423-01 (M x M) 5.12* 5.09* 6.30** 0.59 2.08
Luyin 46 x Vandana 0.28 1.05 -0.37 0.74 2.77
Luyin 46 x IR74371-54-1-1 1.00 2.02 -5.47 -0.74 -7.25
NERICA -L- 25 x IR55423-01 -1.95 -1.45 -3.09 -0.06 1.93
NERICA -L- 25 x Vandana -1.95 -2.32 0.25 0.24 -4.36
NERICA -L- 25 x IR74371-54-1-1 (M x EM) -9.43** -10.28** -0.75 -0.31 -1.24
IR55423-01 x Vandana 2.02 2.84 1.08 0.15 -0.32
IR55423-01 x IR74371-54-1-1 4.43 4.9 8.08* -2.03 10.91
Vandana x IR74371-54-1-1 -1.9 -0.57 2.42 1.78 8.98
*, **,*** indicates significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively
† DH, Days to heading; DA, Days to anthesis; DM, Days to maturity; TNO, number of productive tillers per plant; PH, Plant height
Table 4.16: The specific combining ability effects (SCA) of F3 populations for days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant and plant height under random managed drought stress.
F3 population DH† DA DM TNO PH
NERICA 1 x NERICA 2 (E x E) 5.10* 3.93 3.22* 1.69 4.12
NERICA 1 x Duorado 0.90 0.78 2.07 0.68 -i5.87
NERICA 1 x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M -0.85 -0.73 0.12 -0.37 -0.62
NERICA 1 x CT16323-CA-25-M 0.50 -0.88 -1.04 -0.23 -8.11
NERICA 1 x Luyin 46 -1.35 -1.63 -1.49 -1.79 -1.97
NERICA 1 x NERICA-L-25 -2.00 -2.58 -0.74 -0.80 -0.46
NERICA 1 x IR55423-01 1.20 4.63 2.52 0.93 11.27*
NERICA 1 x Vandana -3.05 -3.13 -3.24* -0.82 -4.12
NERICA 1 x IR74371-54-1-1 -5.25 -5.45 -2.55 -0.73 6.46
NERICA 2 x Duorado 3.60 3.68 3.22* -1.15 -5.16
NERICA 2 x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M -1.15 -0.33 0.27 0.15 -0.86
NERICA 2 x CT16323-CA-25-M 2.70 4.03 2.12 -2.01 -6.94
NERICA 2 x Luyin 46 -2.65 -2.73 -2.84* 0.58 0.89
NERICA 2 x NERICA-L-25 (E x M) -6.30** -7.18 -1.59 0.57 7.65
NERICA 2 x IR55423-01 (E x M) -6.10** -7.98** -8.34*** 0.85 4.18
NERICA 2 x Vandana -0.35 0.28 8.42*** -1.15 -6.90
NERICA 2 x IR74371-54-1-1 (E x EM) -8.45* -9.35* -8.20*** 0.05 1.44 Duorado x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M 3.15 3.53 0.62 0.40 -1.80 Duorado x CT16323-CA-25-M (E X E) 5.50* 6.38** 4.97*** -0.67 3.26
Duorado x Luyin 46 -3.85 -4.38 -0.99 -1.08 -1.50
Duorado x NERICA-L-25 -3.50 -3.83 -5.74*** 0.36 10.01*
Duorado x IR55423-01 0.70 0.38 0.02 -1.35 -7.26
Duorado x Vandana -0.55 -0.38 -1.24 0.64 6.40
Duorado x IR74371-54-1-1 (E x EM) -6.75* -7.20 -2.05 -1.25 -15.57*
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x CT16323-CA-25-M 0.25 -0.13 -2.49 -0.02 -6.94 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Luyin 46 (EM x M) -6.60** -7.38** -6.94*** 1.22 3.05 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x NERICA-L-25 -3.25 -3.83 -8.19*** 0.61 12.46*
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x IR55423-01 -2.55 -2.13 4.07** -0.90 -2.96
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Vandana 2.70 2.63 -2.19 0.64 0.50
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x IR74371-54-1-1 -6.50 -7.70* -1.60 -0.75 -4.02
CT16323-CA-25-M x Luyin 46 -1.75 -2.53 -2.59 0.56 -2.94
CT16323-CA-25-M x NERICA-L-25 3.10 4.53 9.17** 0.55 4.52
CT16323-CA-25-M x IR55423-01 (E x M) -10.20*** -9.78*** -7.09*** 0.73 10.20*
CT16323-CA-25-M x Vandana -0.95 -1.53 -2.84* 1.18 11.32*
CT16323-CA-25-M x IR74371-54-1-1( E x EM) -11.35** -11.55** -9.95*** -0.43 1.57
Luyin 46 x NERICA-L-25 -2.75 -3.23 -0.79 -0.91 -2.49
Luyin 46 x IR55423-01 (M x M) 7.95*** 7.98** 5.97*** 0.07 0.84
Luyin 46 x Vandana -3.30 -2.78 1.72 -0.13 -2.00
Luyin 46 x IR74371-54-1-1 -4.50 -5.80 -3.00 0.78 -1.17
NERICA-L-25 x IR55423-01 -0.70 0.53 -0.29 -1.19 -16.20**
NERICA-L-25 x Vandana (M x E) 8.55*** 8.28*** 6.47*** -1.44 -0.24 NERICA-L-25 x IR74371-54-1-1 (M x EM) -14.35*** -15.35*** -7.25** 0.99 32.63***
IR55423-01 x Vandana -2.75 -3.53 -2.79 1.89 1.44
IR55423-01 x IR74371-54-1-1 3.45 3.45 10.00*** -1.45 -2.26
Vandana x IR74371-54-1-1 -2.30 -2.30 3.75 0.81 2.78
*, **,*** indicates significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively
† DH, Days to heading; DA, Days to anthesis; DM, Days to maturity; TNO, number of productive tillers per plant; PH, Plant height
Table 4.17: The specific combining ability effects (SCA) of F3 populations for days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, tiller number and plant height across environments
*, **,*** indicates significant at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively
† DH, Days to heading; DA, Days to anthesis; DM, Days to maturity; TNO, number of productive tillers per plant; PH, Plant height
F3 populations DH† DA DM TNO PH
NERICA 1 x NERICA 2 4.45* 3.95* 0.10 1.00 2.31
NERICA 1 x Duorado 1.16 3.11 1.32 0.15 -2.98
NERICA 1 x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M -1.51 -1.37 -1.07 0.74 1.33
NERICA 1 x CT16323-CA-25-M 0.56 -0.09 -1.11 -0.08 -1.89
NERICA 1 x Luyin 46 -2.00 -2.87 -0.74 -1.24 0.72
NERICA 1 x NERICA-L-25 -0.09 -0.38 0.67 -0.87 1.10
NERICA 1 x IR55423-01 -2.81 -1.72 -0.40 0.45 3.68
NERICA 1 x Vandana -1.63 -1.81 -1.96 -0.56 0.40
NERICA 1 x IR74371-54-1-1 -3.61 -2.54 -0.61 -0.61 -1.33
NERICA 2 x Duorado 1.88 1.70 2.27 -0.07 -1.33
NERICA 2 x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M -0.43 -0.28 0.75 -0.08 -0.35
NERICA 2 x CT16323-CA-25-M 1.90 2.87 1.97 -0.64 -1.15
NERICA 2 x Luyin 46 (E x M) -4.91** -5.03** -1.16 -0.02 4.01
NERICA 2 x NERICA-L-25 -2.75 -2.79 -0.51 -0.14 1.63
NERICA 2 x IR55423-01 (E x M) -4.60* -5.26 -5.57** 0.26 1.73
NERICA 2 x Vandana 1.71 1.78 3.99 -1.11 -2.86
NERICA 2 x IR74371-54-1-1 (E x EM) -8.33** -8.25** -5.44 0.06 1.59 Duorado x CT16333(1)-CA-22-M 3.54 3.38 2.72 1.20 0.86 Duorado x CT16323-CA-25-M 3.86* 4.03* 4.68** -0.02 1.89 Duorado x Luyin 46 (E x M) -4.20* -4.99** -2.7 -0.15 -0.55
Duorado x NERICA-L-25 -0.04 0.62 -2.92 0.24 -1.95
Duorado x IR55423-01 (E x M) -4.01* -4.47* -3.36 -1.21 -2.71
Duorado x Vandana 1.18 0.95 2.33 0.13 2.55
Duorado x IR74371-54-1-1 -4.29 -4.04 1.73 -1.15 -7.10 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x CT16323-CA-25-M -0.56 -0.94 -1.09 -0.02 -4.85 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Luyin 46 (EM x M) -6.38*** -6.59*** -3.21 -0.48 -0.23 CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x NERICA-L-25 -1.84 -1.86 -2.56 -1.17 6.52
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x IR55423-01 3.56 3.81* 5.00** -0.10 -3.72
CT16333(1)-CA-22-M x Vandana 0.63 0.97 -0.06 0.08 -0.84
CT16333(1)-CA-22-MxIR74371-54-1-1 -5.49 -5.69 1.86 -0.50 -2.57
CT16323-CA-25-M x Luyin 46 -0.68 -1.07 -0.5 0.18 -5.14
CT16323-CA-25-M x NERICA-L-25 0.61 0.55 3.65* 0.19 0.97
CT16323-CA-25-M x IR55423-01 (E x M) -5.61** -5.92** -3.04 -0.13 0.70
CT16323-CA-25-M x Vandana -1.55 -1.88 -3.97* 0.60 7.25*
CT16323-CA-25-M x IR74371-54-1-1 -4.06 -4.46 2.88 0.21 4.81
Luyin 46 x NERICA-L-25 -1.2 -0.48 6.22*** -0.24 -0.25
Luyin 46 x IR55423-01 (M x M) 5.83** 5.81** 0.15 0.46 1.77
Luyin 46 x Vandana -0.61 0.1 -4.85 0.52 1.58
Luyin 46 x IR74371-54-1-1 -0.38 0.06 1.8 -0.36 -5.73
NERICA-L-25 x IR55423-01 -1.64 -0.96 1.8 -0.34 -2.60
NERICA-L-25 x Vandana 0.68 0.33 -2.38 -0.18 -3.33
NERICA-L-25 x IR74371-54-1-1(Mx EM) -10.66*** -11.55*** -2.57 0.02 7.23
IR55423-01 x Vandana 0.83 1.25 8.56** 0.59 0.12
IR55423-01 x IR74371-54-1-1 4.19 4.54 -2.57 -1.89 7.62
Vandana x IR74371-54-1-1 -2 -1 -3.53 1.54 7.43