5.5 H YPOTHESES TESTING
5.5.1 Hypothesis 1 – demographics on communication techniques
5.5.1.4 Test of significant difference in demographics on functional communication
Table 5.29 Kruskal-Wallis test applied to the motivational communication techniques perceived by the level of workers
N Mean rank Median
Labourer 33 104.85 6.00
Skilled 83 95.67 5.93
Semi-Skilled 75 91.64 5.81
Total 191
Table 5.30 Test statistics related to motivational communication techniques used on level of workers Test statistics
Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig.
3.25 2 0.31
5.5.1.4 Test of significant difference in demographics on functional communication
age group (median of 2.22), the fifth was the forty one to fifty age group (median of 2.11) and fifty one to sixty age group (median of 2.11) Table 5.34 shows the test statistic in perception of the impact of functional communication on productivity and the age group of workers in the age groups of workers. It is revealed that there is no significant difference between the perception of age groups [H (2) = 7.05; p = 0.32]. The Asymp. Sig. (p-value) was 0.32 which is greater than 0.05, indicating that the perception of the different age groups were not statistically significantly different. The results revealed that the perception of the impact of functional communication techniques used on productivity. Thus the null hypothesis can be accepted.
Table 5.33 Kruskal-Wallis test applied to functional communication techniques and age of workers
Age of workers (years) N Mean rank Median
18-25 6 113.86 2.78
More than 60 years 3 85.35 2.56
26-30 42 99.43 2.44
31-40 82 88.95 2.22
41-50 43 85.78 2.11
51-60 15 93.96 2.11
Total 191
Table 5.34 Test statistic related to functional communication techniques used and age of workers Test statistics
Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig.
7.05 5 0.32
5.5.1.4.3 Race
The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed in order to find out if workers have significantly differerent views on the influence of functional communication techniques on productivity based on race (see Table 5.35 and Table 5.36). In Table 5.35, the median of how workers of the different race groups perceived the influence of motivational communication techniques, is shown. The highest ranked race was whites (median of 2.67); and blacks (median of 5.90); the third highest was coloureds (median of 2.00). In Table 5.36, results show that there was no statistically significant difference between the different race groups [H(2) = 6.04; p = 0.32]. The Asymp. sig. (p-value) was 0.32, which is greater than 0.05, indicating that statistically, there was no significant difference between workers views on the impact of motivational techniques used on productivity. Thus the null hypothesis can be accepted.
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Table 5.35 Kruskal-Wallis test applied to functional communication techniques on race of workers
Race of workers N Mean rank Median
White 3 113.93 2.67
Black 91 101.08 2.44
Coloured 97 90.68 2.00
Total 191
Table 5.36 Test statistics related to functional communication techniques used on race of workers Test statistics
Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig.
6.04 5 0.32
5.5.1.4.4 Qualification
To determine if the functional communication results in significant difference between various qualification of workers, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used (see Table 5.37 and 5.38). Table 5.37 shows the median of how workers perceived the influence of motivational communication across the different qualification groups: The first was the ‘tertiary certificate/diploma’ group (median of 2.56), the second the ‘Matric certificate’ group (median of 2.44), the third the ‘primary school completed’ group (median of 2.39), the fourth the ‘no formal qualification’ group (median of 2.33), the fifth the ‘primary not completed’ group (median of 2.28) and the sixth the
‘secondary not completed’ group (median of 2.00). Table 5.38 shows the test statistic in the motivational communication in the qualification groups of workers. It is revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between the different qualification groups [H (2) = 7.92; p = 0.28]. The Asymp. Sig. (p-value) was 0.28 which is greater than 0.05, indicating that the different qualification groups were not statistically significantly different. The results revealed that the qualification groups of workers do not influence their perception of the effect of functional communication techniques used on productivity. Thus the null hypothesis can be accepted.
Table 5.37 Kruskal-Wallis test applied to perception of the functional communication techniques based on the formal qualification of workers
Qualification of workers (years) N Mean rank Median
Tertiary certificate / diploma 41 97.24 2.56
Matric certificate 63 100.75 2.44
Primary school completed 8 98.33 2.39
No formal qualification 8 90.73 2.33
Primary school not completed 18 91.04 2.28
Secondary school not completed 53 91.53 2.00
Total 191
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Table 5.38 Test statistics related to perception of functional communication techniques used based on the formal qualification of workers
Test statistics
Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig.
7.92 5 0.28
5.5.1.4.5 Designation of construction workers
The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine if the designation of construction workers perception of functional communication techniques used to increase productivity is statistically significant difference (see Table 5.39 and Table 5.40). The medians of how the workers perceived their productivity to be increasing according to their designation, is shown in Table 5.39 as follows: The highest mean rank of designation was the semi-skilled workers (median of 2.33); the second was the skilled worker group (median of 2.22); the third rank was the labourers (median of 2.00). The test statistic in increased productivity in worker level groups is shown in Table 5.40. The results were shown as: H (1) = 4.40; p = 0.312, meaning that worker levels were not statistically significantly different. Therefore the hypothesis tests that there is no significant difference in how workers of different designations perceive the influence of supervisory motivational communication is accepted. Thus the null hypothesis can be accepted.
Table 5.39 Kruskal-Wallis test applied to the functional communication techniques perceived by the level of workers
N Mean rank Median
Semi-Skilled 75 100.55 2.33
Skilled 83 94.03 2.22
Labourer 33 90.62 2.00
Total 191
Table 5.40 Test statistics related to functional communication techniques used on level of workers Test statistics
Chi-Square Df Asymp. Sig.
4.40 2 0.32
5.5.2 Hypothesis 2 – demographics on communication techniques