Ntuzuma G
4.4 THE STUDY AREAS
4.4.1 Study area 1: Kwa-Dinabakubo community
This community consists of the former members of the Ngcolosi tribe. These people were relocated to an area situated between Waterfall suburb and Molweni, about 4km south of the dam wall within the boundaries of the "old" Durban Metro Outer West Council (see Figure 4.1).
Plate 4.1: Photograph showing a portion of Dinabakubo settlement
Dinabakubo was formally established in 1988 and included in the area controlled by the then Department of Development Aid (DDA). In the early 1990s, as a result of the disbanding of DDA and abolishment of South African Development Trust (SADT), the functions of these bodies were transferred variously to the Natal Provincial Administration (NPA), the then Department of Regional and Land Affairs and the then Government of KwaZulu (Khanyile, 1998). However there appears to be some disagreements about the authority structure at Dinabalrubo. According to Khanyile (1998) this area falls under the control of Kwa-Zulu Natal Provincial Administration (KZNPA). This is either directly or through the power of attorney (Khanyile, 1998 andMr. Meyiwa, pers. comm., 08 January
2001). However Dinabakubo was placed under the jurisdiction of lnkosi Bhengu of the Ngcolosi Tribe on 10August 1992(Khanyile, 1998).
It is against this background that the relationship between the construction of Inanda Dam and the long-term quality of life of the Dinabakubo community was evaluated.
4.4.2 Study area 2: Ntuzuma G
Ntuzuma G is located about 8km south-east of the Inanda dam wall also within the boundaries of the Old Durban Metro North Local Council. The area forms part of the so- called ''Released Area 33", which at the time of relocation was one of the major areas of informal settlement in Durban. It is an urban settlement with an estimated population in 1996 of 6556 people. This is the overall population, which thus includes dam-displaced families as well as families from somewhere else who came to the area for various purposes. According to the 1996census, about 1362households occupy this area.
Plate 4.2: Photograph showing a portion of Ntuzuma G settlement
Relocation to this area was involuntary. Unlike resettlers in Dinabakubo area, who are all members of the Ngcolosi tribe, Ntuzuma G comprises of families from the Ngcolosi, Mphephetho and Qadi tribal areas. However the majority of relocatees in this area are former members of Qadi tribe. These are relocatees who were given "Released Area 33"
(Groenburg farm) on which to settle (Mr.Gwala, pers.comm, 19 December 2000).
However, because of conflict with local people who already occupied this area, the
displaced families however found themselves relocating further to Ntuzuma G. In other words these people were removed twice.
4.4.3 Study area 3: Amatikwe
Amatikwe is located about 8kmeast of the Inanda dam wall. Itis a semi-rural community, which in the 1980s was still classified as an area of "controlled squatting" (Scott and Diab,
1989). In 1996, the community had a total population of20107 with 441 households.
Plate 4.3: Photograph showing a portion of Amatikwe settlement
Just like families in Ntuzuma G, relocated families found in this area are former members of the Ngcolosi, Maphephetho and Qadi tribes. The families that were interviewed indicated that their movement to this area was triggered by rumours that the dam would be built thus they left their original areas voluntarily in the late 1970s and the early 1980s to the upper areas away from the dam. Here again, there was more than one move. Violence in the upper tribal areas triggered caused further relocation to Amatikwe.
4.4.4 Fredville
Fredville is the relocation site for the former members of the Amaphephetho tribe. It was a released area in the former KwaZulu, thus under tribal tenure. It is located approximately , 19,5 km west of Inanda dam wall in close proximity to the Cato Ridge industrial area.
While this area was not selected as a study area, it was visited and is briefly mentioned in Chapters Six and Seven.
4.4.5 Control study area: Imbozamo
Imbozamo is a rural community located approximately 8.5km upstream of Inanda dam. It is an area under the traditional leadership of Inkosi Gwala of the Amaphephetho tribe.
Unlike the four study areas described above, Imbozamo is not a relocation site. People have not been removed. Itwas selected as a control area against which to assess the three relocation areas (see Chapter Five). In 1996, this area had a population of 4917 people in 671 families (Census, 1996). While all resettlement areas are closer to the major towns, Imbozamo is the furthest away from urban settlement. It is accessible by taxi and bus but takes 45 to 60 minutes from Durban Central point to get there.
Plate 4.4: Photograph showing part of Imbozamo area 4.5 CONCLUSION
This chapter has provided the reader with a brief historical background to the Inanda dam.
The chapter explained why the dam was initiated. It also discussed the process of displacement and resettlement. The issues discussed in this chapter are important in that they provided a foundation on which to analyse and interpret the findings of the study. The planning and implementation process in the case of Inanda dam clearly disadvantaged the communities who were removed. In the data analysis Chapters Six and Seven, the inadequacies of these planning and implementation process are linked to the long-term experiences of the displaced families. The following chapter explains how the researcher approached and conducted the study.