Responses to the negative effects of climate change included food insecurity and drying up of streams and rivers. Furthermore, it has been reported that current strategies used to combat the negative effects of climate change are unsustainable.
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Background
- Statement of the Research Problem
- Research Objectives
- Research Questions
- Research Assumptions
- Justification of the Study
- Theoretical Framework of the Study
- Afrocentric Approaches to Rural Development
- Definitions of Key Terms and Concepts
- Organization of the Thesis
This is followed by the identification of the negative effects of climate change on the livelihood of rural families. In chapter 6, the negative effects of climate change on the livelihood of Chimanimani rural families are discussed.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
History of Rain Making Practices
- Indigenous Rainmaking
In Africa it is not clear when the creation of rain began, but what is clear is that it has existed since ancient times. There is a school of thought that the creation of rain is a prerogative of God and it is inappropriate to tamper with it (Stanford Law Review of 1948).
Western Science-based Rain Making
In this case, indigenous rainmaking becomes appropriate because the Ndau people believe that rain comes from God through ancestors as mediators. As with indigenous rainmaking, in which rainmaking rituals are performed when there is a chance of rain toward the rainy season, cloud seeding is performed only when the clouds are nearly saturated for rain (Brier, 1972).
Theories Influencing the Study
- Place-based Knowledge Development Strategy
- Actor Oriented Approach
- The Look Back and Looking Forward Theory: Sankofaism
Therefore, to get the most out of the two worlds of thought that are scientific and indigenous, both must be complemented. This counteracts the biases associated with observations based on generalizations, which are disconnected from the "feel" of the actors.
Africanizing Development Strategies
The periphery depends on the center. a) It fails to accept the tendency of the core to exploit the periphery. Within the actor-oriented paradigm there is always an alternative view to the structural analysis of development.
Preservation, Documentation and Dissemination of Indigenous Knowledge Systems
These arguments imply that the importance of preserving, documenting and disseminating indigenous knowledge cannot be overemphasized. Indigenous knowledge is described as a systematic body of knowledge acquired by people who settle in a specific place through the accumulation of experience, informal experimentation and understanding of the environment (Robinson & Wallington, 2012).
Effects of Climate Change on Livelihoods of Rural Households
Climate change exposes the poor and working class to food insecurity, energy source challenges, clean water and all of these affect health. Murambadoro (2010) emphasizes that climate change poses a threat to food security, energy, access to clean water and the health of flora and fauna.
Current Coping Strategies and Potential of IRM in Combating the Vagaries of Climate
Christianson (2015) argues that climate change affects the working class, the poor and developing countries more. Indigenous rainmaking is one sustainable livelihood approach to combat the negative effects of climate change without disrupting the natural ecosystem.
Summary of Literature Review
Editors.), Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Sustainable Development: Relevance for Africa, Kamla Raj Enterprises, Delhi, India. The role of the library in promoting the use of indigenous knowledge (IK) in development projects.
Introduction
Description of the Study Area
Awareness Creation and Securing Commitment to Participate
Developing and Pilot-testing of Data Collection Instruments
Details of Methodology Terms Used in the Studies
- Research Design
- The exploratory design
- Descriptive design
- Data triangulation
Some argue that the research design lacks the rigorous standards of data collection and analysis of Cuthill (2002) & Taylor et al. In this design, closed questionnaires in the form of a Likert scale were used to collect information from residents. Both exploratory and descriptive designs were used for the purposes of triangulation of data collection and analysis.
Population and Sampling
- Population
- Sample and sample size
- Judgment sampling
- Snowballing sampling
In this method, a group is selected from the population on the basis of available information (Singh, 2006). It is intuitively selecting a group on the basis of criteria that are considered self-evident or the knowledge of the researcher. The challenge lies in the question “how many interviews are enough to reach data saturation” (Fursh & Ness, 2015).
Ethical Considerations
It is a simple selection method where the units selected for inclusion in the sample are the easiest to access. It is in contrast to probability samples in which the selection of units is done at random. From there, the key informant selects others based on their knowledge of others on the topic at hand.
Expected Outcomes
Analysis of general community perceptions of the potential of indigenous rain production practices in combating the adverse effects of climate change in the Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe. Exploratory Exploratory Exploratory Exploratory Descriptive Descriptive Interview Guide Interview Guide Interview Guide Interview Guide Likert Scale Likert Scale.
Conclusion
Survey Fundamentals: A Guide to Designing and Implementing Surveys, Survey Center Univerze v Wisconsinu, Madison, ZDA.
INSIGHTS INTO THE POTENTIAL OF INDIGENOUS RAIN MAKING
- Introduction
- Research Design
- Population and Sampling Procedure
- Data Collection Methods and Techniques
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Demographic information of the respondents
- Potential of indigenous rainmaking practices in combating the negative effects of
- Discussion
Do you think indigenous rainmaking can effectively prevent the negative effects of climate change? All respondents answered the question "Do you think that indigenous rains can effectively counteract the negative effects of climate change?" For example, respondent A said yes. More than half of the respondents said that they performed rain-making rituals when too much rain fell.
COMPONENTS OF INDIGENOUS RAINMAKING IN CHIMANIMANI
- Introduction
- Research Design
- Population and Sampling Procedure
- Data Collection Methods and Techniques
- Data Analysis
- Results
- Demographic Information of Respondents
- Discussion
- Conclusion
The aim was to jointly confirm the correctness of the components of indigenous rainmaking methods in the Chimanimani district. Regarding the perception "I believe in the effectiveness of indigenous rainmaking (makoto)", slightly more than half of the respondents (51%) agreed, 9% were neutral and 41% disagreed. Regarding the perception “Snuff is a component of indigenous rainmaking”, the majority (79%) agreed, 12% disagreed and only nine percent were not sure.
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON INDIGENOUS RAIN MAKING
Introduction
At the same time, there is little understanding and appreciation of indigenous rainmaking practices (Marango et al., 2016). Then indigenous rainmaking ingredients were discovered in Chimanimani as a strategy to combat the negative effects of climate change. This aim of this study is to revive the sharing and dissemination of indigenous knowledge about rainmaking as a strategy to combat the negative effects of climate change for sustainable development.
Research Design
Population and Sampling Procedure
Data Collection Methods and Tools
Data Analysis
Results
- Demographic Information
- Dissemination of Indigenous Rainmaking Practices in Chimanimani District
Another Respondent E said that "The young people spend time at school and are busy with their education". Respondent C said that “The young people who inherit traditional leadership to not give the seriousness that our tradition deserves. Respondent J said that “The young generation believes in working within the boundaries of modern laws.
Discussion
It was noted that there are now few elders in the community who have full knowledge, but one respondent said “Young people don't care. Nakata & Langton (2005) assert that libraries should incorporate indigenous knowledge not simply as part of history, but as a contemporary body of active and useful knowledge. The informants found that the influence of the church system, Angungu (westernization) and education system, lack of technology and lack of support from the government militated against the effective dissemination of indigenous knowledge. Haumba (2014) argues that the lack of information on indigenous knowledge systems has resulted in its low acceptance.
Conclusion
Indigenous Knowledge of Seasonal Rainfall Forecasting in Tanzania: The Case of the Southwestern Highlands of Tanzania. Managing Indigenous Knowledge with Other Knowledge Systems for Agricultural Development: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries. Integrating Indigenous Knowledge with Modern ICTs in Managing the Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Introduction
Research Design
Population and Sampling Procedure
Data Collection Methods and Tools
Data Analysis
Cramer's V is a chi-square based measure of association, which was used to measure the strength of the association described by the Chi-square test. Where t represents the lesser of the number of rows minus one or the number of columns minus one. Cramer's V is equal to 0 when there is no relationship between two variables and has a maximum value of 1.
Results
- Demographic Information
- Negative effects of climate change in Chimanimani District
And from the point of view that “We are facing water scarcity for pets and for. On the perception that "there is more malnutrition due to reduced food production", 76% said yes, compared to 21% who disagreed. Respondent C said that "Earthquakes shake our buildings, they crack, some collapse and kill people and animals".
Discussion
2015) argues that climate change is a threat to public and community health and human well-being in the 21st century. As a result, the role of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation cannot be overemphasized (Egeru, 2012). In this study, respondents noted that there is a general reduction in yields due to climate change and that there is an increase in malnutrition due to reduced food production.
Conclusion
The role of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation: A case study of the Teso Sub-region, Eastern Uganda. Insights into the potential of indigenous rainmaking practices to combat the negative effects of climate change in the Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe. CHAPTER: 8 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EXISTING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND PROPOSED ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR USE BY HOUSEHOLDS TO COMBAT THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
Introduction
Kaya (2016) argues that through people's culture, social groups can define who they are, adapt to their shared values, and contribute to their society at large.
Research Design
Population and Sampling Procedures
Data Collection Tools and Techniques
Data Analysis
Results
- Current coping strategies and their level of effectiveness
We should not cut down trees indiscriminately because the behavior of the trees helped us to predict the rain. We should stop the cultivation of stream banks and instead plant trees along rivers and streams. We should stop overharvesting wild fruits and animals because they supplement our food needs.
Discussion
These include social safety nets such as zunde ramambo "the chief's granary" in which the community contributes grain and storage to help needy families in times of hardship. The respondents said that the cultivation of maize appeared to be fashionable regardless of the unsuitability of the area. However, the respondents said that the baobab tree in the western part of the District is threatened with extinction.
Conclusion
The Impact of Climate Change on Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, Briefing, Minority Rights Group International, April 2008, London, UK. Indigenous knowledge practice in relation to climate change: The case of Muzarabani, Zimbabwe, Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura. Indigenous knowledge systems and livestock production under smallholder management in the face of climate change: A case of Guruve District, Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science (MSc) in Sociology and Social Anthropology, Department of Sociology, University of Zimbabwe: Harare.
SYNTHESIS OF FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Introduction
Justification of Research Methodology Used
Both models allowed the use of qualitative and quantitative research in one study. Yeasmin & Rahman (2012) argue that triangulation is used to combine the advantages of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Dawson (2002) further argues that triangulation helps to combat weaknesses in both qualitative and quantitative research.
Major Issues Emerging from the Study
To analyze the general perception of the community about the potential of indigenous rainmaking practices (IRM) to combat the negative effects of climate change. Can IRM practices be more widely used to combat the negative effects of climate change on human livelihoods?. A framework with building blocks for an integrated IRM-Western science system to combat the negative effects of climate change.
Contribution of the Study to Body of Knowledge on Rural Development
Recommendations
- Recommendations for policy
- Recommendation for development practice
- Recommendation for further research
Communities are concerned and understand the development challenges they face, but feel powerless to decide how to address them. Further research on indigenous knowledge, particularly on indigenous rainmaking over a larger geographical area in a rural setting, would enable policy makers and scientists to draw more general conclusions on this topic in rural Zimbabwe. This is because this study focused on a real problem that has been largely overlooked by most researchers and most external community development practitioners.
Conclusions
What are the negative effects of climate change (especially with regard to water and food). Do you believe that indigenous rain production can effectively counter the negative effects of climate change? Section B Dissemination of knowledge on indigenous rainfall production practices to combat the negative effects of climate change.
