The paper specifically examined the perception of the displaced persons and the expropriation authority regarding the adequacy of the payment of compensation in the Pitsane-Tlhareseleele road project. The nuances of compulsory land acquisition and compensation in Botswana: the case of the Pitsane-Tlhareseleele road project.
Methodology
It is important to understand the perspectives of both parties, as problems often relate to misinterpretation/misunderstanding of legal frameworks. The Rolong Land Committee is responsible for the management of customary lands that fall within the jurisdictional boundaries of the Council of Good Hope.
Results
The next section therefore focuses on the affected people's perception of the adequacy of compensation paid. Although most affected people were unhappy with the compensation offered, only one person challenged the compensation offered in terms of Section 33(3) of the Tribal Land Act in court.
Discussion
The compensation offered was not adequate and the affected persons were not part of the evaluation process. As shown in Table 1, affected people and government officials have different views about the adequacy of the compensation offered.
Conclusion, Policy Options and Recommendations
Key informants, namely government officials, believed that the expropriation and compensation process was carried out as prescribed by law. For them, even if the compensation was made in accordance with the provisions of the law, it could not be considered adequate.
Based on the findings of this paper, there is a need to educate the community about the provisions of the foreclosure and compensation laws. An Investigation of Valuation Methodology for the Compensation of Former White-Owned Farms in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Seke and Goromonzi Districts.
Housing Finance and Market Dynamics in Tanzania: An Analysis of Cross Sector Linkages
- Introduction
- Mortgage Credit Development in Tanzania
- Mortgage Financing and Housing Price Interaction: Conceptual and Empirical Contributions
- Methodology
- Results on Cointegration Analysis
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
The adoption of the three house price indicators highlights the importance of house price elasticity (income) for the mortgage market. First, the correlation between mortgage credit and the housing price indicator for the luxury units is examined.
The Urban Land Nexus– Challenges and Opportunities of Regularising Informal Settlements: The Case Studies of Dar es Salaam and Mwanza in
Introduction and Background
The rapid growth of the urban population has also led to the development of informal settlements in most of the world's cities. From a social perspective, people living in informal settlements have difficulties accessing basic social infrastructure services and facilities (Kyessi, 2002). In addition, it was estimated that about 166 million people lived in informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa (World Bank, 2000).
In Tanzania, studies conducted in 1995 under the Urban and Housing Indicators Program showed that at the national level, 70% of the population lives in informal settlements. Recent studies have revealed that the proportion of the urban population living in informal settlements has risen sharply to 80% and these areas are increasingly occupied by low and middle income households (DCC, 2008; URT, 2013).
Literature Review
The approach is becoming widespread, especially in the form of self-regulatory projects initiated by community organizations and interest groups in informal settlements. The paper provides brief literature on regularization in developing countries before providing a brief discussion on regularization of informal settlements in Tanzania by highlighting the policy and legal provisions on rights of land occupiers in informal settlements. In Cape Town, South Africa, Brown-Luthango et al. 2016) report the status of three informal settlements before and after reblocking1 (upgrade).
The regulation of land rights in Rwanda, with the application of a well-functioning land information system, is one of the success stories of informal settlement regulation. These types of approaches are becoming widespread, especially in the form of self-regulation projects that are initiated by community organizations and interest groups within informal settlements.
Regularisation of Informal Settlements in Tanzania
A survey, adjudication and registration of interests in land claimed by those persons who have occupied land in the settlement area; Involvement of local authorities that have jurisdiction in the field of regulation in the implementation of the scheme; Involvement of persons whose land is the object of the regulation scheme in the implementation of the scheme;
Assessment and payment of any compensation that may be payable in connection with the implementation of the scheme; and. Furthermore, section 23 of the Town Planning Act No. 8 (2007) recognizes informal settlements as planning areas and endeavors to regularize and draw up regularization schemes for these settlements.
Conceptual Base
Furthermore, during the implementation of regularization projects, communities were little involved and completion of such projects was achieved at the lowest standards. There is growing evidence that community-led regularization projects are likely to be more sustainable and successful in driving socio-economic upliftment in informal settlements. If such projects are successful during their pilot phase, they should be scaled up to other informal settlements, and planning and implementation strategies should also be transferable.
This study considers capacity building of local communities as one of the key conceptual features that underline the essence of regularization. Based on the above, the study aims to explore the challenges, opportunities and importance of community-led land regularization in informal settlements in Tanzania.
Methods and Data
2018) stipulates that land regularization and community development are linked in such a way that land regularization aims to ensure access to social services such as roads, waste disposal sites, health and education facilities, open spaces and the right of residence. Regarding this aspect, Magigi (2013) argues that if communities are aware of the process and output of regularization, they can ensure that urban land is properly managed and effectively utilized for increased productivity and sustainable use. This is due to the fact that public and outdoor spaces are essential to support social and economic activities in regularized settlements, which usually decrease as a result of the densification process (Sliuzas, 2004).
The main topics covered the motivations for regulation, how regulation projects have been sourced within a community-led regulation approach, and the emerging challenges and opportunities of regulation projects. This enabled the articulation of findings and subsequent conclusions within the existing knowledge of the legal system.
Findings and Discussion
Regarding the initiation of regularization projects in the three study areas, we observe two main disadvantages. In addition, the Government of Tanzania has been proactive about monitoring the costs charged in the regulation programs. In this regard, 30% of the 40 households interviewed in Isamilo and Ibungilo mentioned that regularization contributed to the increase in land value.
These findings suggest that the real estate market (land and housing) thrives in regularized settlements because of the services that are in the delivery pipeline. In addition, the company secured permission from the planning authority and Temeke Municipal Board to carry out the regulation exercise in the development.
Understanding the Bases and Approaches of Mortgage Valuation in Ethiopia
Literature Review 1 Valuation Basis
A brief description of both bases (MV and MLV) is described in the following subsections. The market approach assumes that the value of a property is based on the views of the typical buyer and seller of the property (Miller & Geltner, 2004). The reason for this is that the cost approach is based on the perception that the value of a property is inextricably linked to the cost of creating the property (Miller & Geltner, 2004).
For example, the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) valuation manual states that it adopts the cost approach due to its suitability for the real estate market in terms of the availability of relevant benchmark databases in Ethiopia (CBE, 2016). Dashen Bank's valuation manual also states that the bank uses a combination of cost and income approaches.
Findings and Discussion
However, the same article of the constitution provides for the common ownership of land for the state and the nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia (FDRE, 1995). Estimating market value using the cost method involves performing the following process: estimating the value of the land as if it were vacant; The proper basis of mortgage valuation in Ethiopia can be seen from the context of the property market in Ethiopia, the international compatibility of the basis and the legal framework of Ethiopia.
It is believed that the context of the property market influences the valuation basis (TEGoVA, 2016; IVSC, 2017). The second rationale for MV as an appropriate basis for mortgage appraisal in the context of the Ethiopian property market is due to the availability of property data.
Conclusion
In this regard, international valuation standards and other national and regional standards use MV as an appropriate basis for the valuation of mortgages (RICS, 2008). Moreover, it is the main valuation basis for valuing mortgages in both established and emerging economies, including Brazil, Britain, Nigeria, Kenya and the US (Babawal & Omirin, 2012; RICS, 2017b). In this regard, MV can also be a suitable basis for mortgage valuation in Ethiopia.
They do, however, take into account property value in mortgage assessment tasks anyway, although to a much lesser extent. In this regard, the appropriate mortgage valuation basis for Ethiopia's real estate market system should be MV, as it is compatible with international standards, it is consistent with the constitution, and Ethiopia's practice and market context can support its implementation.
Employing engineers without appraisal degrees may also contribute to the haphazard manner in which mortgage appraisal is practiced in Ethiopian banks. In bank-administered mortgage appraisal practices, appraisers have no discretion in selecting appropriate appraisal methods. In any case, the specific choice of valuation method should be left to the judgment of the valuer, who is expected to use his experience and knowledge of the real estate market to make the right choice (within the given legal framework).
Proclamation to determine the powers and duties of the executive bodies of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1097/2018. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Economic Growth and Sustainability: Challenges and Prospects.
Acknowledgement
Market Rent Determinants of Residential Apartments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Theoretical and Empirical Reviews
- Methodology and Data Collection
- General Description of the Data
- Data Analysis
- Conclusion
For example, Gitahi (2002), studying the residential real estate market in Kenya, identifies several variables that determine rent and shows that the rent for residential property is highly dependent on the number of bedrooms and the size (area in m2) of the house. main. These amenities and relationships are key in determining the rental value of properties in Akure. The study population includes the total number of private residential apartments in Addis Ababa.
In the case study areas, the floor level of the housing units varies from 1 to 12. Analysis of the relationships of infrastructure facilities in determining rental values of residential properties in Akure, Nigeria.
