The benthic Crustacea of subantarctic Marion and Prince Ed- ward Islands: Illustrated keys to the species and results of the 1982-1989 University of Cape Town Surveys
ML Branc h
Zoology Departmenr, University of Cape Town. Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa
C L Griffiths
Zoology Depa11ment, University of Cape Town, Rondebo:sch 7700. South Africa
B Kensley
Smithsonian Institution. Washington DC
J Sieg
Universitat Osnabri.ick, D 2848 Vechta. Germany
J11c bi:nthic Jiwna o(.:.ubanwrctit· M11ri()11 and Prit1L'e Bd1,V'dtJ hlam.1:, was sampled over 11Jc period 1982-IYtN h; tlreJging.
scuba-diving anJ intertidal surveys. This paper c(>mpriscs il- lustrated J..eys tbr the identification 0[;1/1 Crw,wcea rec<>rJcJ from chi: is/:ind~ during this uml previous surveys. Swnnwric.., ure also provided nt' the Jcpth distributions. abuntl,mt·c,\ ,wJ lwbiwt.:.
or
nil .~pecie:; t'Ollt'ctcd during the 1982-1989 survey~.A 1vml or L:]5 species of Crust.,cea is now known from the h,land.~.
or
these -19 we· new ret.'Ords /or the area including I.?presumed new specie,,. The t.'Urrent fauna comprises 2 new recC>rcls of'Cirripcdia (I unitlentified): 7l spei;ies oJ'Amphiputla
/ti( which /7 are new rcrnrtl.!. aml include 8 pre.~umcd new
t.pecie~): 3..? spet'ic, orisopoda ( including /9 ncH rccord1, of
which ..J. nrc ncn· ~pcl'ie~): 10 "fl111aitf:1eea (8 new nxon.ls): und II Decapoda (of which 4 are new records), The new species are idcntitied to gcnu/:o anti are not formally tlesaibec/ in thi.:;
paper.
Die bcnticse faunft v:m subanmrkr.iese Marion- en Prins Edward-ei/and is gcdurcnde die rydperk 1982-1989 gemnnster dcur middcl wm baggcrwerk, ondcrwaterduik en fllssengeryop- names. Hier<.lie artikel bev-dt geillustreerde sfeutels vir die iden- tilikasic van a/Jc Crnswt.•ea van die eilande ·wac opgeteken is gedun!ndc hierrlie en vorige opnames. Opsommings wnrd ge- gee v:111 dieptevcrspreiding. vo/opheid en lwbi,;1/ Vlln aJ/e spe-
~it'!, w:11 ,gedurentle J98:!-/98Y versumt'I i.\, ·n 1i1taal V-Jn 125 Crust:.Jcea-pe~ies i~ tans hckcnd. Wdarv;1n .J9 nuul \ ir Jic gc- hieJ aangereJ..en is. Hien1111 is 12 1·ern1eerule nuwc spl'.'iic.~, Die hesmnnda Jiwna bevat 2 1wu1 aa.n,getekendc Cirripudia / I ongeiaentifoeer); 71 .~pe~ie~ Amphipoda (Ht:wrw.111 17 nuut wm- gecekn is. inslt,itenu 8 venneende mrwe spesies): 32 :,pesies lsopodu (insluitend 19 nuut aange1eke11, 4 nuwe spesies): JO Ta11aidacea (8 nuot aangctcken); en 11 Dek::ipoda (+ 1wut :um- geteken). Die nuwe spesies is gcidcntifiscer in/gens genus en
word nie fi..1rmee/ beskryf nie.
Introduction
The two islands of the Prince Edward group are of par- ticular imerest because of their relative youth and ex- treme. isolation. Both are summits of rec:ent volcanoes just off the crest of the mid-Atlantic ridge. They arose about 250 000 years ago (McDougall 1971). Marion Is- land (46°54'S, 37°45'E) is 290 krn2• while Prince Ed-
ward Island (46°38'S, 37°5TB). is one-seventh its size
S. Afr. J. AnmrcL R.:s .. Vol 21 Nn I, IQQI
anJ lies 22 km NNE of Marion. Biogeographically the i~lands fom1 part of the Kcrguelen Province of sub- antarctic islands, which includes the Crozet archipelago (925 km away), as well as the KergueJen Islands and Heard Island (Knox 1960, Knox & Lowry 1976, Kensley 1980). The nearel!>1 continental land mass is southern Afii- ca, with Cape Town lying 2 300 km to the north-west.
There have been several expeditions to the Prince Ed- ward T~lancls which have sampled the marioe fauna and flora, incluaing those of the Blitish Challenger (1873-1876) and Discove1y ()935). and subsequent surveys by the French ship Marion-Dufresne. South African research began with land-based surveys that concentrated on the inte1tidal and shallow-water benthos and included work by Fuller (1967). De Vi.lliers (1976) and Blankley & Grind- icy ( 1985). More recently, this research was extended off- shore by the University of Cape Town, with dredging being undertaken from the SA Agulhas over the period 1984-1989. The identification of benthic species has posed a major problem during each of the recent surveys. despite the fact that the material from successive expeditions has been relerred to international taxonomic authorities.
Previous work has been undertaken by scientists from a large number of countries and over a protracted period of time. Isolated detailed monographs reviewing pa11i- cular groups have appeared, but these remain largely in- accessible to the more generalist worker. Furthermore many are now out-of-date in terms of the nomenclature employed. This situation prompted the present series of identification guides. which is intended to synthesise in- formation on the benthic irtvenebrate fauna of Marion and Prince Edward lsland'i and to present it in a manner that will allow relatively easy identification by the no rt-specialist.
The guides are designe,d in the form of a series of il- lustrated keys covering the major invertebrate groups.
Specific characters arc amplified in an attempt to dis- tinguish Marion Island species from dose relatives whic:h are frmnd elsewhere. Despite this, it must be stressed that no key can ever provide definitive identification. By their very nature, keys distill information. The most impor- tant monographs which need to be consulted to obtain
more detailed descriplions are given in the reference list.
Uodescribe.d species are included in the keys under their South African Museum catalogue number (SAM).
although they are named only lo generic level: They will be fom1ally described in later monographs.
Thi panicular paper coven, the Crustacea. It draws on infrJnnation from the foUowing collections: Challenger expedition of 1873-76 (Hoek 1883, Beddard 1884, 1886.
Miers 1886. Bate 1888. Henderson 1888 & Stebbing 1888) and Discovery e>.pedition of 1935 (Sheppard 1933. 1957.
Barnard 1930. 1931. 1932 ). material from both of which is housed in the British Mu:.eum (Natural History). now the Narum.I Hjstory Museum. London. Abo included arc record:, from the South African expeditions of 1965-66 (Fuller 1967, Cleret 1971) and 1972-73 (De VillieTh 1976) and the 1976 voyage MD 08 of the Marion-Dufre.,;ne (Ar- naud & Hureau 1979. Shiino 1978, Ledoyer 1979. Kens- ley 1980. Bellan-Santini and Ledoyer 1986), the materi- al from the latter i:, housed at Stntion Marine d'Endoumc.
Marseille - and later at Laboratoire de Malacologic.
Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Paris). The Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1970-1975 was reported by Ku~- sakin and Vasina (1980. 1982a & 1982b). Additional data came from inte1tidal and subtidal survey.., undertaken in 1979 (Blankley and Grindley 1985) and 1982, quantita- tive subticlal scuba-sampling in 1989 (Beckley & Brnm:h 1992). and exten..,ive recent offshore ,urvey-. by the
University of Cape Town over the periou 1984-89 (GM Branch ct ul 1992). the material from whk:h is huuscd in the South African Museum. Cape Town. Tobie I ,um- marises the previou ly unpublished records for Crustacea derived from the University of Cape 'fown ,urvcys. in relation to abundance, depth, ~ubstratum and habitat.
New records for the Prince Edward Island~ arc shown in the systematic list. A more detailed analysis of thi, information and a de:,cription of community panems ap- pears in GM Brunch et al (1992).
Where possible the illustrations were taken from ac- tual specimens collected by the University of Cape Town.
Others were adapted from depictions in the cxi-;ting litera- ture. notably from Bcllan-Santini 1972a, 1972b. Bellan- Santinj and Ledoyer 1974 and 1986. Lowry and Stoddart 1983. JL Barnard 1969, Ken..,lcy 1978a and 1980, Bed- dard 1886. Henden,on 1888, Ment.ies 1962. Sieg 1980a.
1980b and 1986 and Sieg & Winn 1981.
ML Branch was responsible for the overall compila- tion of the manuscript. CL Griffiths identified aml helped write the key to the amphipods. J Sieg \va:,; respom,ibk for tht.: linal idc11tification 1)f the tanaid~ and B Kem,ky oversaw the isopud and decupod section~.
Acknowledgements
Thi~ rc~earch wm, carried nut under the :,upervision
or
Prnf GM Branch with funding providctl by the Sourh African Scientific Committee for Antarctic Rei;can.:h (SASCAR) and the Department of' Environment Affair:...
The South African Department of Environment Affair, provided logistic 'IUpport. and the Captains of the S/\
Agulhas are thanJ..ed for continual support. The Soulh Africa11 offshore sampling and sorting was done under the leadership of Di Giana!,.ouras. and the ~cuba-
programme was led by Dr Lynnatb Beckley. Many of the staff and students from the University of Cape Town participated in both the colle<.:tion and sorting of rhis material. Tn this connection, especial thanks are due to Gillian Burbidge. Colin Attwood ably provided the com- puter analysis for Table I. Dr R Lemaitre examined Pagu- rodes inarmalus and Sympagurus dimc)lphus. Elizabeth Hoenscn and the staff of the SA Museum are gratefully acknowledged tor the !imooth transfer or the mas~ive col- lection to the South African Museum.
Systematic list of species
*
=
New record~+ =
New species (included in the keys but not named beyond generic level).Page numbers refer to page~ in the ke)~.
CLASS CRUSTACEA
Subclass Cirripedia Order Thoracica
Suborder lepadomorpha (Gom,c barnacle:,)
*
Sculpellum t1avum Hock. 1883 Subclass MalacostracaSuperorder Peracarida Order Amphipoda
Subtirder Gammaridea
Fam i I y Acantbonotozomatidat!
Gnathiphimc:Jiu urodcntm:1 Bdlan-Santini an<l Ledoyer. 1986
Family Amphilochidae
Gitnnopsis marioni!> (Stebbing. 1888) Giwnop!>i~ squamosa (Thom:,on. 1880) Family Corophiidae
+
G:tmmarupsi:, Jongitar:.us (Schellenberg, 1931 l Gmn.maropsi., sp. SAM A40364Harlocheirn harbinwna (Thomson. 1879) Lembm ~p. Clbted b} Bellan-Santini and Ledoycr. 1986)
Fam i I y Didymocheliidae
DiJymochelia eJw:irdi Bellan-Santini aml Lcdoyer. 1986
Family Eophliantidac
* ()'linJ1yllioic/cs maw.'io111 Nicholl!-.. 1938 (list 1.:J as Eophliantiuae hy Blankley und Grind- le). 1985)
Family Eusiridac
*
*
*
Atyloelh1 1m1gcll.wicn (Stebbing. 1888) Atrlop!>is cmargim11u., Srehbing. 1888 DjerbocJ lurcipes Che, rcu,. 1906
Eusiroides abcmmti., Bcll~m-Sanlini and LcJoyer. 1986
EusirviJe., gcorgi<11w., KH BarnarJ. 1932 Gondogcncia spinico,a Rellan-Samin.i :md Lcdoyer. 1974
Harpiniaidc~ drepanochcir Stebbing, 1888 Omdarea cdcn1~1ta Thurston, 1974
Orndaren occllaca Thu Non. 1974
Page 7
7
8
9
11 II
18 18 10 18
9
10
20 21 20
21 19
21 21 20 20
'i 1\ Ii r 1\,1, /\111.1r~1 . Yul 21 1\11 I. 1991
Page Family Gammaridae
*
Cerndocopsi.\ dufrcsni Bellan-Santini and Ledoycr. 1986
Cerndocopsis kcrgueleni S(;hcllenherg. 1926 P::munoera ti~sicauda (Dana. 1852) (listed as Eu~iridae by Blankley and Grindley. 1985) Pontogeneiella hrc1·icorni::, (Chevreux, 1906) Schradcria gn1cili.\ Pfeffer. 1888
Family Haustoriidae
Camngolia comwa Bellan-Sanrini and Lcdoy- er. 1986
Cardenio paurodac:tylus Stebbing, 1888 Umthoe marionis Bellan-Saotini and Ledoy- er. 1986
Urothoides lachneessa Stebbing, 1888 Family lschyroceridae
Cempus oppositus KH Barnard, 1932
?
=
Cerapus (?) rubularis Say. 1817 (as listed by de Villiers. 1976)? Jschyrocenis sp. (listed by BeJlan-Santini and Ledoyer. 1986)
:j: Jschyroceros sp. SAM A40363
? Jassa alonsoac Conlan. 1990
Pseuderichthonius gaussi Schellenberg. 1926 Pseudischyrocerus crenatipes Bellan-Santini and Ledoyer. 1986
Pseudischyrocerus disrichon (KH Barnard_
1930)
Ventojassa georgiana (Schellenberg. 1931)
=
Parajassa georgiana Schellenberg. 1931 Family LeucothoidaeLeucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgraad. 1879) :j: Leucothoe sp. SAM A40379
Family Liljeborgiidae
Liljcborgia longicomis (Schellenberg, 1931) Li(ieborgia pseudomacmnyx Be!Jan-Santi111 and Ledoyer, 1986
Family Lysianassidae
Acontiostoma marionis Stebbing. 1888 Cheirimedon femoratus ( Pfeffer. 1888) Hippomedon kerguele11i (Miers, 1875) Kerguelenia <1ntiborealis Bcllan-Santini and Ledoyer, 1986
* Lepidepecree//a tridactyla Bellan-Santini, 1972
Pamwa/deckia kidderi (Smith. 1876) (listed as Shackletonia sp. by Blankley and Grindley.
1985)
Pseudorchomene rnatsi (Chilton, 1912) Stomacontion acudbasalis (Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer, 197-0
Stomacontion pepinii (Stebbing. 1888) Family Oedicerotidae
? Monoculodes ant:arcdcus KH Barnard. 1932 (listed by Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer. 1986) Monoculode..i; crabriculosus KH Barnard,
1932
? Ocdic.:eroidcs cinderel/a Stebbing. 1888 (list- ed by Bellan-Santini & Lcdoyer. 1986)
S A fr. J J\ni.ir,·1. Re-. •• V.11 :!I 1\11 1. 1\1'11
19 19 20
20 19
14 14 15 15 17
18 18 18 17
17 17 17
15 15
15 15 14 13 13
I~
13
14 13 14 14
11 II II
Family Pardaliscidae
Pc1rdalisca marionis Stebbing. 1888 Family Phoxocephalidae
Harpinia obnisifrons Stebbing, 1888 Family Pleustidae
:j: :' P/eusymre.'i sp. SAM A40378 Family Podoceridae
Podocerus danae Stebbing. 1888)
Podocerus danae armuws Bellan-Santini &
Lcdoyer. 1986
*
Podocerus c;1pillimanw, Nichol ls. 1938 Family SebidaeSeba ,<.aundersii Stebbing. 1875 Family Stegocephalidae
AndanieJ/a intcgripes Bellan-Santini & Lecloy- er, 1986
Family Stenothoidae
Probolisca Muta (Stebbing, 1888)
Proboloides elliptica (Schellenberg, 1931)
+
Prnboloides sp. A SAM A40358+
Proholoides sp. B SAM A40360Pscudothwmatelson cyproide~ Nicholl~. 1938 Stcnotboe !-.p. (Ii tcd by Bellan-Santini &
Lcdoyer, 1986)
Th.wmatelson hcrdmani Walker. 1906 Family Stilipedidae
Alexandre/la inem1is Bellan-Santini and Ledoyer, 1986
Family Talitridae
* Hyale grnndicomis (Kroyer. 1945)
* Hyalc hi11ipalm<1 (Dana. 1852)
.!. + SAM A40361 New genus Suborder Caprellidea
Family Aeginellidae
:\: ? Eupariambus sp. SAM A40356 Order Isopoda
Suborder Epicaridea Family Bopyridae
*
SAM A40366 New genus and species Suborder VaMferaFamily Arcturidae
"' Anturctums aculcacus Kussakin. 1967 Microarcwrw, hirticomh, (Monod. 1926) Ncastacilla owrione11.<;is (Beddard. 1886) Famil) Pseudidotheidae
A rcturidcs comutus Studer, 1881 Suborder Antburidca
Family Paranthuridae
*
Cnlifirndwru pingouin Kensley. 1980* P,,mmthura possessia Kcnsley. 1980 Suborder Flabeltifera
Family Serolidae
Sero/is scptcmcarinat;i Miers, 1847
Page
10 10
19 16 16 16 9
12 II II II LI 11 II 11
10 16 16 16
8 22
23
25 25
26
5
Page Fcunily Aegidae
*
Aegaer.
crozeten.~i~ Kussakin and Vassina.1982 26
Aega falk/.andica Kussakin, 1967 26
*
Aega semicarinata Miers, 1875a 26 Family Sphaeroinatida~t
Cymodocella sp. SAM A40368 27*
Dynamenella eaconi (Miers, 1875b) 17* Euvallentina darwini (Cunningham, 1871) 27
*
Exosphaeroma gigas (Leach. 1818) 27 Suborder GnathiideaFamily Gnathiidae
Gnathia antarctica (Studer, 1884) 15 Suborder Aselluta
Family Dendrotionidae
* Acanthomunna spinipes (Vanhoffon. 1914) 29 Family .Joeropsidae
Joeropsis curvicornis (Nicolet, 1849) 28 Joeropsis marionis Beddard, 1886 28 Family Janiridae
*
Austrofilius furcatus Hodgson, 1910 28* Austroniscw; ectifnrmis Vanhoffen, 1914 28 Iais pubescens (Dana. 1852) 28
*
Janisera trepidus Kensley, 1976 28* Norasellus sa,~c;i Ptefter, 1887 29 Family Munnidae
Munna instructa Cleret, 1973 TP3.I 30
*
Munna neglecta Monod, 1931 30* Munna neozelanica Chilton. 1892 30 Family Santildae
Santia bicomis (Cleret. 1973) 29
*
Santia cf. hofste11i (Nordenstam. 1933) 29*
Saotia cf. marmor~tus (Yanhoffen. 1914) 29 Family Pleurogonidaet
Munnogonium sp. SAM A40375 30t
Piarnmunna sp. SAM A40373 30Order Tanaidacea
Suborder Monokonophora Superfamily Apseudoidea Family Apseuclidae
Apseudes spectabilis (StuJer. 1884) Suborder Dikonophora
SuperfamiJy P.aratanaoidcn Family P.aratamaidae
* Paratanais oculatus (Yanhoffcn, 191-+) Family Leptocheliidae
*
Pseudonoloca,wiH wcrthi (VanhMfon. 1914) Family Nototauaidae*
Nototanais antarcticm, (Hodgson, 1902)* Notot.wais dimorphus (Beddard. 1886)
=
Paratanais dimo1phus Superfamily Tanaoidea Family TanaidaeA 1/otanais hirsuws (Beddard. 1886a)
=
Tanais hirsutus,=
Anaraoais hirsuttrs6
31
31
J2
32
33 33
33
=
Tanais nierstrnsz.i Stebbing, 1919*
P.Jncoloicles litoralis ( Vanhoff en. 1914)=
Tanais litora.lis Vanboffen. 1914 paitim* Sinelobus sta11fordi (Richardson, 1901)
*
Zeuxo pbytalensis Sieg, 1980Zeuxoides helleri (Gerstaeckcr. 1888)
* Zeuxoides pseudoliroralis, Sieg 1980
=
Tanais 1itoralis Vm1h6ften. 1914. partim Superorder EucaridaOrder Decapoda
Suborder Natantia (swimming prawn~) Fm11ily Campylonotidae
Campylonotus capcnsis Bate. L888 Family Hippolytidae
'1' Chorismu~ ancarccicus (Pfeffer, 1887) Nauticaris marinnis Bate. 1888 Family Nematocarcinidae
*
Nematocarcinus lanceopes Bate. 1888 Suborder ReptantiaSection Brachyura (true crabs) Family Hymenosomatidae
Halicalt'inus planatu~ Fabricius, 1793 Section Anomura
Runily Lithodidae (stone crabs)
Lithodes murrnyi Henderson, 1888
*
Paralomis aculeatus (Henderson, 1888) Family Paguridae (hermit crabs)*
Pagurodes inarmutus Henderson, 1888 Family P.arapaguridae (anemone crab)Sympagunis dimorpbus (Studt:r. 1883)
=
Parapagurus dimorphus (Studer. 1883) Family Galatheidae* Munida spu1osa Henderson, 1888 Fam}ly Chirostylidae
Uroptychus insignis Henden,on. 1888
Swnmary of species
Cirripedia l species, I new record ArnphipoJa 71 species. 17 new re- Isopoua
Tanaidacea DecapoJa 'fotal Crustacea
cords. 8 new species 12 species, 19 new re- cord~, 4 new specie~
10 species. 8 new records U specie . 4 new n.:cords.
L25 species, 49 new re- cords. 12 new species.
Page
34 34 34 J4 34
35
35
35 35
35
35
36 36 36 36
37 37
S. Afr. 'r. Nav. An1ark1.. Vol 21 No I, 1991
Crustacea of Marion and Prince Edward Islands Key to the subclasses and orders
Body enclosed in a shell or calcareous plates: leg- less; attached forms: (barnacles).
Subclass: Cirripedia ... A (p 7) Shrimp-like or crab-like, mobile. legged forms.
Subclass: Malacostraca . . . .. . . .. . . . ... . . 2 2 Carapace absent or if present nor fusecl to the tho-
rax; brood pouch under the thorax or females:
thoracic appendages include a pair of maxillipeds m1d seven pairs of pereopods; eyes sessile.
Superorder: Peracarida . . . 3 Carapace ru1d whole of the thorax fused into a single unit; eyes stalked and mobile.
Superorder: Eucarida . . . 5 3 Carapace covering two thoracic segments (cepha-
lothorax) followed by six visible pereon segments;
body elongate; 1 pair of terminal, multijointed to 2-joi.nted elongate uropods: pereopod I (cheliped) chelate.
4
5
Order: Tanaidacea ... D (p 31) Carapace absent thus seven pereon segments visi- ble; pereopods I & 2 chelate or simple: uropods tenninal or lateral, not rnultijointecl.
··· 4 Body usually lateralJy compressed; usually three pairs of uropods: pereopods I & 2 (gnalhopods) differ from the remaining 5 pereopods and may be chelate.
Order: Amphipoda ... B (p 8) Body usually dorsovenrrally flattened; one pair of uropocls: pereopods 1-7 may be subchelate but are structurally similar.
Order: Isopoda .. , ... C (p 22) Seven pairs of walking legs used to ftlter food.
Order: Euphausiacea krill, planktonic, not represented in this key.
First three pairs of thoracic limbs reduced to mouth parts, leaving ftve pain;; of walking legs on the tho- rax; shrimps, crabs. rocklobsters.
Order: Decapoda ... E (p 35)
S. A fr. J. A ntarct. Res., Vol 21 No I, 1991
A Cirripedia
1 Body attached by a fleshy stalk or peduncle; plates restricted to upper part (capitulum).
Suborder Lepadomorpha - Goose barnacles.
Peduncle short, tapering proximally, bearing about 7 rows of four to five crescent-shaped scales; capit- ulum with 13 valves covered by a thin membrane with fine cuticular spines; carina very long, sim- ple and bowed. upper roof of which is convex; scu- tum about twice as long as broad; tergum triangu- lar, similar size to scutum; upper latus very large and quadrangular; infra median latus narrow; car- inal latus elongate with the umbo near the base.
Scalpellum flavum Hoek, 1883
Body without peduncle; plates attached directly to the substratum.
Suborder Balanomorpha Acom barnacles.
(Two unidentified specimens were collected.)
=
Scalpellum Hamm
Acorn Barnacle ,--- -- - .
5mm
7
B Amphipoda
Characteristics of the suborders (After Griffiths 1976)
Suborder: Caprellidea
Slender, elongate, cylindrical, usually living amongst weedsi head fused to pereon segment 2;
pereon often with less than 7 pairs of limbs, coxae absenli pleon and its appendages vestigial; eyes usually smallJ. (Only 2 specimens recorded from Marion Island in the 1984-1989 benthic survey - both representing an unidentified species of the fu- mily Aeginellidae, close to Eupariambus sp. SAM A40356 & SAM A40357)
Suborder: Hypertidea
Pelagic, semi-transparent: head not fused with se- cond pereon segment; eyes usually large; palp of maxilliped absent; pereon with 7 pairs of limbs, coxae small or absent; pleon usually well developed with 3 pairs of biramous pleopods and 3 pairs of uropods. (Although a few species or Hyperiidae were recovered in the benthic collections around Marion Island. they are planktonic in habit and are hence not considered further.)
Suborder: Gammaridea
8
Usually benthic, opaque; head not fused with se~
cond pereon segment: eyes moderate to absent; palp of maxilliped present (with rare exception); pereon with 7 pairs of limbs, coxae well developed; pleon usually of 6 segments carrying 3 pairs of pleopods and usually 3 pairs of uropods.
Caprellidea
?Eupan'ambus sp.
Hyperiidea
Gammaridea
An1enna2 ~
Pereon
Pereopods{P, .p7)
Pleon
~\
' '\
\ \ uroS-Orne ,,. I '
,s
u
T elS-On/T el)
Dactyl
,p,~,c~, ~
Subchelate Gn ChelalP Gn
S. Afr. T. Nav. Amarkl.. Vol 21 No I. IWI
Amphipoda - Gammaridea Key to the species
l
2
3
Gnathopods both chelate, although the chelae may be very small, (segment three of gnathopod 2 elongate).
·········································· 2 Gnathopods simple or subchelate .
... 4 Large dorsal processes on pereon segments 6 and 7. pleon segments 1-3 and urosome segment I; cox- ae long, acutely-pointed ventrally: gnathopods minutely chelate: uropod 3 biramus; telson shal- lowly cleft: mouthparts styliform. piercing.
Gnathiphimedia urodentata Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer. 1986
Pleon dorsally smooth; anterior coxae not ventral- ly pointed: uropod 3 uniramus or without rami: tel- son entire.
··· 3 Urosome segment 1 with cbarncteristic hook-shaped dorsal process: uropod 3 reduced, without rami:
pereopods 5-7, article 2 and 4 both narrow.
Didymochelia edwardi Bellan-Santini & Lcdoy- er, 1986
U rosornc segment I doi-sally smooth: uropod 3 with single long ramus; pereopods 5-7, article 2 dilat- ed, article 4 expanded and projected distally.
Seba saundersil Stebbing, 1875
'i, Afr. J. Antar,t. Res., Vol 21 No I. l!NI
Gnatluphimedia urodentata
PS Articles 1.7
'..__ ""-.., '·,.:>~ "'
r Gn1 / ( Gn2 ~
~i
3~ -C-2)
u,a~
, ~ ymochelia edwardi , , '5
)
G111
~~
· • ' - -:--C,-'
)..,/ -'\
~ , . , / -,r
if,,< ~ _ , ? .
Seba saundersii
9
4
5
6
7
8
9
lO
Coxae small, length not exceeding height of pereon segments; gnathopods simple or weakly subche- late, article 5 of gnathopod 2 at least as long as article 6.
... 5 Coxae large or gnathopods distinctly subchelate.
or both .
... 8 Body cylindrical; uropod 3 reduced, uniramus:
urosome segments 2 and 3 coa1esced; gnathopods weakly subchelate.
r.ylindryllioides mawsoni Nicholls. 1938 Body laterally flattened; uropod 3 large and bira- mus; gnathopod l (and usually 2) simple . ............................. 6 Urosome smooth; eyes present; gnathopod 2, arti- cles 5 and 6 very elongate. setose posteriorly; uro- pod 3, inner ramus half length of outer.
Haplocheira barbimana (Thomson. 1879) Urosome dorsally keeled; eyes absent; uropod 3.
ram.i equal .
. . .. . . .. . . ... . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . 7 Dorsal keel on pleon segment 3 and urosome seg- ment l; telson entire; antennae, first three articles very short; gnathopod l. article 6 as long as 5:
pereopods with expanded article 2.
Alexandrella inermis Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer.
1986
Pleon segment 3 smooth; urosome segment I with a pair of teeth, segment 2 with one: telson deeply cleft; antennae long; gnathopod I, article 6 smaller and narrower than 5.
Pardalisca marionis Stebbing, 1888
Head with a pronounced rostrum: percopods strong! y setose .
... ., ............. 9 Head lacks pronounced rostrum .
. . .. . . . .. . .. . . ... .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . .. ... . . . ... .. . . . .. . . 12 Head covered by large hood-like rostrum overlap- ping bases of antennae: pleon segment 3, pos1eri- or edge of side-plate with a pronounced distal hook:
pereopod 6 much longer than 7: telson cleft.
Harpinia obtusifrons Stebbing, 1888
Rostrum not hood-like, antennae terminal; pereo- pod 7 longer than 5 and 6: telson entire.
(Oedicerotidae) . . . 10
I '~ . ..-...
i::::;;).:::Jt;it:;:ft ~I~
'-1 . ..;. /
U;,3)""f1 (_} ' ' I ,7 ' ~-'
),...,.
· 1 >z-V~
,·---.4:ii~
Gri2 ,,... ·--
l
l-"'1-,,,.... ".5 ... ,- -
.• , • • • I L -.
?,/s Cylindrylll(ndes m,;wso~
-.,
· Harpinia obtusilrons
S ,\fr. T Nuv. A111ar~'1 .. Vol 21 Nt1 I. IWI
10 Antenna 2 enlarged, at least 1,5 x length of anten- na l; gnathopod 2, article 5 projects at right an- gles and does not guard the posterior margin of ar- ticle 6.
? Oediceroides cinderella Stebbing. 1888 Antenna 2 less than 1,5 x length of antenna l;
gnathopod 2, article 5 with elongate lobe that guards posterior margin of artjcle 6 .
... ... ... .... ... ... .. ... u
ll Pereopod 3 setose along the whole anterior mar- gin of article 6: gnathopod 2 palm oblique and as long as hind margin.
Monoculodes scrabriculosus KH Barnard, 1932 Pereopod 3, anterior margin of article 6 setuse only distally; gnathopod 2 palm shorter than hind margin.
? Monoculodes antarcticus K.H Barnard, 1932 12 Coxae 2-4 very large, overlapping and concealing
reduced coxa 1, gnathopod 2 subchelate, article 5 shorter than 6.
...•...•... 13 Coxae 2-4 small or large but not concealing coxa I, (or if coxa l concealed, gnathopods simple and article 5 longer than 6.)
... 21 13 Uropod 3 biramus.
(Amphilochidae) . . . 14 Uropod 3 with single 2-segmented ramus.
(Stenothoidae) . . . 15 14 Telson narrowly triangular ending in three small
points; mandibular palp setose.
Gitanopsis squamosa (Thomson, 1880)
Telson triangular, terminally rounded; mandibular palp not setose.
Gitanopsis marionis (Stebbing, 1888)
15 Article 2 of pereopod 7 expanded into a flattened
16
posterior lobe ... , . .. . . 16 A11icle 2 of pereopod 7 narrow and linear, lacking posterior lobe ... , . . 19 Gnathopods dissimilar, gnathopod 1 article 4 with a rounded projection, articles 5 and 6 elongate: an- tenna 2 as long as body; pereopods 5-7 article 4 narrow, as long as article 2; mandibular palp present.
Proboloides sp. A. SAM A40358
Gnathopods similar, gnathopod I not as above;
pereopods 5-7 article 4 shorter than 2 . . . 17
S Afr .. I. Antarct. Re, .. Vol 21 No 1. ICJCJI
Gn2
'
~),~ ...___J \KJ \.
!;!, / -
r JJ (\ -
,._
t - -
~~~· " , \\ ~
'"' ? Oediceroides cinderella . ._ ·
Qnt
/ Gn2 /
\
,_
,
' · ~-,
I / P3 (
\
~Vt
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'" ... \,_Monvculodes scrabriculosus
Gn2 PJ
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t? Monoculodes - ~
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antarctic us ~
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17
18
Pereopods 5-7, article 4 not lobed posteriorly; pereo- pod 6, article 2 not expanded; mandibular palp 3-articulate.
Proboloides elliptica (Schellenberg, 1931)
Pereopods 5-7, article 4 postero-distaJly lobed:
pereopod 6 and 7 article 2 expanded; mandibular palp absent or bi-articulate.
... 18
Mandible without palp.
Stenotboe sp. listed by Bellan-Santini and Ledoy- er (1986)
Mandible with a flat 2 articulate palp.
Proboloides sp. B SAM A40359 & SAM A 40360
19 Urosome segments smooth and separate: telson not thickened; article l of antenna 1 not lobed distal- ly; mandibular palp one-segmented.
Probolisca ovata (Stebbing, 1888).
Either urosome or telson dorsally keeled; urosorne segments coalesced.
... 20
20 Urosome segment 1 with large dorsal ridge: an- tenna 1. article 1 with a distal lobe overlapping ar- ticle 2; mandibular palp I-segmented.
Pseudothaumatelson cyproides Nicholls. 1938
Urosome smooth but telson dorsally ridged; antenna l, article I not distally lobed: mandibular palp 3-segmented.
Thaumatelson herdmani Walker, 1906
21 Coxae large. as tall as body segments: gnathopod l simple or weakly subchelate; article 3 of gnatho- pod 2 often elongate.
')1
12
... 22
Coxae small to moderate sized, shorter than body segments; gnathopods strongly subchelate; article 3 of gnathopod 2 not elongate .
... ... 35
Gnathopod 2. arlick 3 elongate: antenna 1 shon and stout. articles 2 anti 3 of pedunde much !lhn1ter than I.
.... ··· ... 2J
Gnathopotl 2. article 3 not elongate: antenna I may be sho11 but articles 2 and 3 usually as long us I:
pereopods strong! y spi nose a11tl seto!>c.
(Haustoriidae)
. . . .. . . .•. . . .. . . .... . .•. ... 32
_-r
f',I
. Md (',n1 · , _;
\_
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"
-Proboloides elliptica
. • i'· - -
: ,,. ~ r
~ 1
.
~Stenothoe sp.
. ...
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lJp3
Proboloides sp. B
---
: ~ ,..· ··c-- ~ ~
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'
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~ -
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Tha.umatcl.san herdmani ~i
---
P7
S. !\fr T. Nav. /\nwrkL. V.11 21 No I IWI
23 Both gnathopods simple. article 6 longer than 5:
mandible without molar or palp; pereopods 7, ar- ticle 2 very large and strongly lobed distally; pcreo- pods 5 and 6. article 2 narrow.
Andaniella integripes Bellan-Santini and Ledoyer, 1986
Gnathopod 2. and often I, a,ticle 5 as long or longer than 6; mandible with palp.
(Lysiannassidae) ... 24 24 Gnathopod I subchelate (sometimes weakly so):
telson cleft .
. . . .. . . .. 25 Gnathopod I simple: telson entire.
··· 27
'.!5 Pleon segment 3. posterior corner of side-plate produced into a strongly upturned tooth: anterior corner of the head pointed: eye indistinct.
Hippomedon kergueleni (Miers. 1875)
26
Pleon segment 3, side-plate rounded or square, not strongly produced; corner of head rounded; eye large, not obscured by coxa 1 .
. . .. .. . .. .. . . ... ... . ... ... .. .. . . . .. ... ... . . ... .. 26 Gnathopod I articles 5 and 6 elongate, length > 3x
wiclth palm oblique: antenna L article I of llagel- lum elongate (:L-. long as the pedunde) and covered with easthetascs (hairs).
Pseudorchomene coatsi (Chilton, 1912)
Gnathopo<l I article 6 broad. length< 2x width palm llat. article 5 triangular: atenna I in female, article I of flagellum small (as shoti as articles 2 or 3 of peduncle). not setose.
Cbeirimedon femoratus (Pfeffer. 1888)
27 Coxac I and 2 small, partly hidden by lbrward projecting coxa 3: pleon segment 3 with triangu- lar dorsal tooth.
Lepidepecreella tridactyla Bellan-Santini. 1972 Coxae 1-3 subequal in size. coxa I prl)jecting for- wards to at least partly conceal head: pleon seg- ment 3 dorsally smooth.
············ 28 28 Head totally concealed by coxa I; dorsal bump on
urosomc segment I; uropod 3 greatly reduced. with single minute ram us, or both rami absent . ... 29
Head only parity covered by coxa I; urosorne seg- ment I dorsalJy smooth: uropod 3 biramus.
although inner ramus reduced,
............... 31
S. Ah~ .f. Ar,,arCL RI:~ .• V11I ll Nt, ). [Q\)j
Hippomedoo kergueleni
_-,-..._
\
\ • ..._ \ I
.,., ...
_
" ' , \ \~ ' : ) \~>
Gnl ~ . , Gn2 :
Toi
µ -/o
Pseudorchomene coatsi
13
29 Pereopod 7, article 2 broadly rounded posteriorly, not posterior-distally pointed.
Acontiostoma marionis Stebbing. 1888
Pereopod 7, article 2 posteriorly expanded and produced to a distal point.
··· 30 30 Telson longer than broad. terminating in two short
spines.
Stomacontion acudbasalis (Bellan-Santini and Ledoyer, t974)
Telson broader than long, with 6 strong terminal spmes.
Stomac.ontion pepini.i (Stebbing, 1888)
31 Eye large, black: gnathopod 2 relatively short and stout (twice length of coxa 2).
32
Parawaldeckia kidderi (Smith, 1876)
Eyes absent; gnathopod 2 long and slender (three times length of coxa 2).
Kerguelenia antiborealis Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer.
1986
Gnathopod 2 very elongate, simple and strongly se- tose, folded between articles 5 and 6, lacking dac- ty I; gnathopod I of female simple, gnathopod 1 of male subcl1elate: uropod 3 rarni large. subequal: coxa l tiny, covered by coxa 2.
Cardenio paurodactylus Stebbing, 1888
Gnathopod 2 not very elongate or setose, not fold-
ed, dactyl present; uropod 3 inner ramus consider- ably shorter than outer; coxa I not much smaller than 2 .
.... ... ... 33
33 Anterior corner of head produced into an eJongate tooth; uropod 3, rami reduced, both shorter than peduncle: telson short broad and minutely cleft.
Carangolia comuta Bellan-Santini & Le<loyer, 1986
Anterior corner of head nm toothed; uropod 3, outer ramus much longer than peduncle; telson deeply cleft .
..................... , ........... 34
Gn2
L f\~
', \
\ T
~ )
uteon side p!Rie
I Ps3
~,
\, ~ ··· Tel .
.
;-
ICarangolia cornuta
14
, Ac.o11tiostoma marionis
.
--'-~·
- - --:SW,
l _.L. I.. -~ y
\.I.--~ ~ G·1:? _µ
Stomacontion acutibasalis -
( I
"" ,
' \;i
I/ .
' ' '-·T~ri~ v) \ i '
~~? .
l1p3' ~ . . t - I
nn-1 --.... - · - G,c , ' I :
~ • •. --.. __.c-..__j ,.
,.
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,- _,Kerguelenia antiborealis
\
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Cardenio paurodactylus
S. Afr. f. Nav. Amarkt .. Vol 21 Nu I. 1991
34 PereopoJ 6, article 2 greatly expanded posteriorly and distally: pereopod 7, article 2 expanded and extending distally to end of article 4: uropod 3, outer rarnus about 4x length of inner.
Urothoides Jacbneessa Stebbing, 1888
Pereopod 6. article 2 not greatly expanded pos- teriorly or distally: pereopod 7, article 2 not ex- tending distally beyond the tip of article 3: uropod J, outer ramus twice length of inner.
Urothoe marionis Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1986
35 GnathopoJ I and 2. article 5 project<; beneath ar- ticle 6 to protect it for one third or more of its
length: coxae moderate sized. thin: uropod 3 large, biramus, extends beyond uropod 2 ........... 36
Gnathopod I article 5 not as above. or if so then coxae small and uropocl 3 uniramus ... 39
36 Gnathopod I carpochelate (claw formed by articles 5-7): uropod 3. huge peduncle longer than rami: telson entire: antenna 1, accessory flagellum minute or absent.
(Leucothoidae) . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . .. 37
Gnathopod 2 strongly subchelate. Uropod 3 large, peduncle shorier than rami: tclson deeply clett: an- tenna l with long accessory flagellum.
(Liljeborgidae) ....................... 38
37 Gnathopod I. dactyl very shori; telson short. length 2x width; gnathopocl 2, palm with teeth: percopocls 5-7. article 2 smooth: exoskeleton smooth.
Leucothoe
sp. SAM A40379Gnarhopod l, dactyl elongate. overlaps the projec- tion of article 5; gnathopod 2, palm rounded, fmely serrated: telson long. length 4x width: perenpods 5-7 , article 2 expanded with serrated margins: exo- skeleton textured.
Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abilgaard. 1879)
38 Pleonal segments 1-5 witJ1 3:3:0:1:l dorsal teeth respectively.
Li/jeborgia Jongicornis (Schellenberg, 1931)
Pleonal segment') 1-5 with 1:1:0:1:0 dorsal teeth respectively.
Liljeborgia pseudomacronyx Bellan-Santini &
Ledoyer. 1986
39 Antenna l sh011er than pereon and than antenna 2, without access\1ry flagellum: mandibular palp absent: uropod 3 short. unframus: telson thick and cleft - conical lobes set at an angle to one another (Talirroidea) . . . 40
Antenna I longer than pereon, usually with access- ory flagellum; mandibular palp present ... 42
S. Afr. I. An1;1rct. Res .. Vol 21 Nu I. 1<N1
( " ' ) ( "
'.:· ~ ,,,
~ '
----...._A~~r~~
~ ,., ~ · Gn2 ~Urothoides ~ \ '
Jach neessa · "· '
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(/~~ I ~ - · / PG I P7 ) · { \ Go2 I , ~\ -J
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J
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15
40 Male gnathopod 2 large, palm very setose and ob- Hque, poorly defined from hind margin; eyes pale.
Hyale hirtipalma (Dana, l852)
Male gnathopod 2, palm not setose, distinct angle between palm and hind margin; eyes dark . ... 41 41 Male gnathopod 2, article 5 not projecting between
articles 4 and 6, palm oblique; uropods I and 2 extending well beyond short uropod 3; coxae do
not project forward to partly cover head.
Hyale grandicornis (Kroyer, 1945)
Male gnathopod 2. anide 5 projecting between 4 and 6 to form a large ll1be, palm transverse; uro- pod 2 not projecting beyond 3; cox.a I large. pro- jecting forward beyond front of head.
Talitridae? new genus SAM .A.40361
42 Urosome segment I elongate. more than t\.vice as long as 2: body strongly depressed; coxae small:
telson entire~ uropod 3 reduced and lacking rami.
(fudoceridae) . . . 43 Urosome segment l not much longer than 2; uro- pod 3 with one or two rami,
... 44 43 Dorsal teeth on pereon segments 3-7 and pleon seg- ments l-3: gnathopod 2 large. twisted to lie under the body. palm with several teeth distally and a large semicircular excision near defining tooth.
Podocerus danae (Stebbing, 1888)
Body dorsally smooth, lacking teeth; gnathopnd 2 large, palm cvenJy convex with small serrated teeth for most of its length and a very setose inner margin.
Ebdocerus sp. ? P. capillimanus SAM A40362 44 Tel son short, fleshy, entire; uropod 3 with short
rami: tubicolous; antennae long and setose. access- Ol)' flagellum present; gnathopod 2 usually well de·
veloped toothed. larger than gnathopod l; pereo- pods glandular.
... ··· 45 Telson elongate. laminar, usually cleft: uropod 3 bears elongate rami; free living; antennae usually not very setose; pereopods not glandular.
Eusiridae & Gammaridae. . . . .. . . .. . 55 45 Uropod 3 rami shorter than elongate peduncle, outer
ramus with hooked tip or hooked spines at tip; if rami reduced then male gnathopod 2 carpochelatc (dactyl closing on article 5).
(lschyroceridae) . . . 46
16 S. Arr. T. Na\c. Ant~rkt.. Vol 21 No I. J9lJI
