Crustacea (with 126 species) comprised one of the most species-rich classes occurring around Marion and Prince Edward Islands Bryozoa, Polychaeta, Mollusca. furifern and Echinodermata formed the other dominant tax.a The Decapoda only corm ibuted ll species. wh.ii:h were grner- ally large in size and usually confined to the deeper dredged samples. Among them was the stone crnb Lithodes munayi which can reach a leg span of over l m, although only smaller specimens of 150-300 mi:n leg span were collected by the dredge. T~e _Natant1a prawns and Munich 'ipmosc1 Jnd Urvpt;ihm m:,1gnw, are usually about 100 mm long The only bn,chyuran crab collected, Halicarcinus planatus. barely reached 10 mm body length but was abundant inte1 tidally and to depths of 100 m and was especially associated with the hold- fasts of Macrocy'itis laevis. The Amphipoda (71 species).
Isopoda (32 species) and Tanaidacea (10 '-pecies) occurred mo-;t abundantly in 0-15 m depths associated with algae.
but some Isopoda and Amphipoda were confined to deep rocky stations where they were associated with octocorals.
Although small in size (rarely above 10 mm length) they reached high densities in some stations with a maximum of 9442 :unphipods m-~ and 4197 i'-opod!> m ~ at 5 m at Bullards Bay (Beckley and Branch. 1992) The Cir-
npedia were of negligible importance. unlike continen- taJ shores where harnacles dominate Only six ,;mall specimens of the goose barnacle ScaJpel/um tJavum \\ere collected, all attached to rock at deep stations. and two specimens of unidentified acorn barnacles were found.
The species of Crustacea recorded from Marion and Prince Edward b,lands during the 1982-1989 Uoiven,ity of Cope Town Surveys are listed in Table 1 (p 40 &
p 41). The localities and .;;lalions are :,,hown in Fig I (p 38) Collections were made at 8 intertidal :-itcs and 44 scuba-diving samples were collected. 36 bemg taken during a quantitalivc survey at 5,10 and 15 m depths at Bullards Bay. Trypot Point and Tranw<1al Cove (Beck- ley and Branch. 1992). The results of the 57 dredge colle<'tions are given in two ~ections. The first relates the modal abundance of individual species to the ub- strate type which ranged from volcanic rock, through
gravel to black Vl)lcanic sand, the "econd record~ the i.bundance ot species within community groups which were identified by a Brey-Curtis similarity analysis of the species composition at er1ch <;talion (Branch, Attwood er al 1492)
The composition of species within the conununicy groups "<hown on the map. Fig 1 were charactet ised as
follow-,.
Group 1. A heterogenous inshore community found around the h,land in < 50 m depth where the amphi- pod Acyloe/Ja magellanic. tanaid Allotanais hirsurus and decapod Halicarcinus planatus were common.
Group 2. This wa a shallow (50-100 m), soft sediment community dominated by several specie of bivalve, the large brachiopod Magellania kerguelenensis. the urchin Pseudcchinus rminonis and the tubiculous polychaete Lanice conchilega. The most common Crustacea were Nauticar,s marionk Halicarcinus planalll.\, Allot.ma.is hirsuru'i, Ap1,euu~s sperrabiils. Not N'l/11~ ~ IN n<.I
S. Afr. I, Amarc:l. R.:,. \hi 21 Nu I 19Ql
Atyloella magelhnica. .
Group 3. This was a deeper (150-300 m), so~-s~d1ment community between the Islands and h~d a SJ.O?llar s~e- c:ies composition to group 2 but. associated WLth an m- crease in the abundance of bryozoans and octocorals. the isopod Arcturides comurus was common, as was the anemone-hennit crab Sympagurus dimorphus
Group 4. This group comprised a cluster of stat!ons south-west ot Prince Edward island and two Stallons south-east of Marion Island. These were deep (300-500
m) ro~:ky-bottomed localities with an abundance of oc- tororals. especrnlly Thouarella variabili:.. and the l_arge (1phi11mid basket stars Several Cnt<:tacea are _associated with the octocorals, and many of these are spiny includ-
ing amphipods Lepidepecreella trid:JCtY_la, Leucothoe spinicarpa and Podocerus danae. and 1sopods Acan- thommma spinipc-,. Acga cf crozetensis. Antarrturus aculcatus, Arcwricle.., cornutw, and Neasracilla marionen-
Si.\. The Decapoda Chorimw.<. ant.arccicus. Naulicaris 111a.rio11is, Munida sp.inosu and Sympag11rus dimorphu.'i were common to abundant. No Tanaids were found at the Jeeper stations. This group yielded 4 new am~hi- pod species. ?Pleusymtes sp .. Leucothoe sp., Probof 01des sp. A and the first caprellid record for the area. 1Eu- pariambw; sp.
Gcoup 5. This group comprised deep (
>
500 m>: slop- ing. rod.y1-bottomed sites ro the south-east of Manon Ls- land This wa not as rich in species a group 4 and most of the Crustacea were in very low numbers. The ben- thic prawn Campylonorus capen~is and Nematocar~i- nus /a11ct>ope1, as well as the hermit crab Pagurocles m- :ir11w1Us were collected only in this area, the lasl twospecies being new records.
Group 6. The intertidal community was innuenced by the 7.nnation of the algae in which the small Crustacea found shelter and food. Arnpbipous were common amongst the Porphyra in the upper littoral zones. Hya/e gmndicomis an<1 .Tassa alom,oae being most common.
Lower on the shore Hyale hirtip.ilma was common amongst the Rho<lymenia. The isopods Dynamen~Jla eaconi and Exo pheroma gigas were common, especial-
ly in the boulder regions. The crab Halicarcinus plana- tus extended into this zone where it occurred amongst the Durvillaea anc.arctica Tanaids were rarely recorded in the intertidal.
Group 7. Scuba-,;arnpling between 5 l5 m depth~ at Bul- lards Bay, Trypot Point and Transvaal Cove, y1clcled a rich fauna of Amphipoda (23 specie'), lsopoda (19 spe- cies). Tanaidacea (10 species) and a single species of crab, the common small Halic.arcinus planatus. The abundant amphipods were Aty/(J(>J/a magellanica, Haplocheira bar- bimana anti Jassa alonsoae while Hyale hirtipalma and Seba sarmrfersii were common. There were undescribed species of Proboloides. ?lschyrocerus and Ga.mma:°p- sis. The two abundant isopods were Joerops,s rnrv,~or- nis and Dynamenella eatoni while Exospheroma g,gas and /anisera crepidus were common. There ~ere un- described species of Pammunna and Munnogomum a~d 9 new records. All the species of tanaid were found m the scuba samples and Zeux()ide" p,-;eudolitorali:~ ~s abu11d·-111t and Apseudi.:s "f't>l.'I zbiJ, ... ariJ Allomna1.~ htr- ,utu, Wl re ommnn
39
Table 1
Summary of the species of Crustacea recorded from Marion and Prince Edward Islands during the 1982-89 Univer-·
sity of Cape Town Surveys.
Species No of Records Depth m Modal abuadance Abundance in communities
in substrates Offshore tnt Div
Int Dv Dr Min Ma.; rock sand shallow deep <5 111 5-!5m
CRUSTACEA A B C D E F 1 2 3 4
s
6 7CIRRIPEDIA
Scalpel/um t7avum 4 165 510 I 0 0 0 () - - p p -
Acom barnacles 2 145 108 u 0 u () () f - -
AMPHIPODA Gammaridea:
Aco11tios1oma marionis 2 {) 15 r
Alexandre/la inermi.\ I 5LO 510 I 0 0 0 0 0 - - - r -
Amlanie/1.i inrcgripes I 510 510 I
n
\1 () 0 0 - r -Atyloel/a magel!Jnica 3 25 7 0 140 5 0 "
-
5 2 I l' C - - - aCardenio paurodacrylus 4 -M
- no
(l (l 5 I () 4 r - - rCeradocopsis kergueleni 2 100 475 I 0 0 () () - r r -
Cylindryllioides 11wwsoni 1 14 () 15 C'
Djerboa furcipes 52 51
u
0 0 0 0 l r -- - -
Eusiroides aberrnntis 527 527 I 0 0 0 0 0 - - - r -
Eusiroidcs georgia.au~ -19 -19 0 0 () I 0 0 r - - - -
Gammaropsis longicarsu~ 15 49 0 0 () I 0 0 r - - - - r
Gammaropsis sp. SAJvl A40364 4 5 10 p
Gil1111opsis squamosa 1 10 L5 r
Gondogeneia spin icoxa 1 3 0 5 r
Harpinia obtusifruns 6 4 10 200 (J 0 I ll l r r r - - p
Haplncheira barbimam1 2 27 3 0 49 I 0 0 0 0 r - - -- :J
Hippomcdon kergue/e11i 4 -1-1 107 n 0 0 l 5 r r - -
-
Hydle grandicomis 3 I 0 10 p r
Hyale hirtipalma 8 9 0 l5 C l'
? Jschyrocerus ~p.2 SAM
A4036J 10 5 10 p
Jassa alonsoae 8 33 0 15 C
"
KerguelefJi:1 amiboreafo I 510 510 0 0 0 0 0 - - - r
Lepid<'pecrcclla tridac1yhi J 290 527 l 0 0 0 0 - - - (:
Leucothoe spinicarpa 3 5 5 527 0 0 () I 0 - r r l'
Leucolhoe sp. SAM A40379 1 355 527 i 0 0 0 0 (l - - r
Li(jeborgia longicorni,, 6 45 355 I l 2 I 0 0 r r p
Li(jeborgia pseudom11aonyx 2 85 200 0 0 0 () () I r r - -
Otadarea edentata l 10 52 u 0 0 (l 0 r -
-
rOradarea ocel/ata 15 4 10 5!0 I () 0 3 () r - - r - p
Airamoera f1ssicaudiila J 3 0 10 r r
Parc11valdecha kiddcri J 5 5 r
Pard:11/.,Ci.J nwrion is 165 165 () (I () (I I () - - r - -
Plcusymtes sp. SAM A4m78 510 510 I 0 {J () () () - - - r
Podocerus capillimanus 16 5 15 p
Podoccrus dwiae 6 2()0 5"27 I
u
t) {) I aPvntogenciella brevil'omib J 5 L 0 ~5 0 () () 0 t) r r
Probc,Ji.Ka ovara 5 10 l5
r
Proboloides sp.A SAM A40358 510 510 () 0 0 0 0 - r
Proboloides sp.B SAM A40360 '.! ,
0 15 -
Pseudi.~chyrocerus cren.1tipes 527 527 0 () 0 0 n - - - J
Pscudischyrocerm dis1icho11 3 -17-1 693 :?. I I) (I () fl - - - r
Schradera gracilis ,
120 1-10 0 0 0 0 I I - r - - -
Seba saundenii 13 5 10 ,:
Ventqjassa gcorgiana I 10 10 r
Ja.Jicridae sp. SAM A4036J 693 693 0 () () () n
Caprell iJe~1
Eup;1rfambii~
w
SAM A4035(1 2 179 527 () 0 0 t) - - ( r-
ISOPODA
Acanthomu11m1 spi11ipcs 5 210 '.'ii(] I (l 0 0 () r C
-
Aeg.1 cf. cmzctcnsi:, 8 106 697 I 0 () (l I r r a r
Aeg<1 ~emic<trinata I 4,t) 49 l) () () I () () r
-
- - -A11wrcturu.~ acule.11/u,, 4 474 517 I I () () (I () - - - l'.. r
Arcruritles cnrnu1w1 ll) 1~9 697 J () 0 I I - r I.' i:I r
40 S. Af1·. T. N.w. Anwrk1., Yul 21 No I. 1991
Table 1
(continued) SpeciesCRUSTACEA
ISOPODA
Austrolilius turcan,s Atbtromscus ec11ton111s Calilanthurn pingouin
Cymo(/oce/la sp. SAM A40368 Dy11.1menella eacuni
Euva/kminia thuwini Exosphaeroma g/g;,s G1111thia antarcticn lais pubesccns /:miserJ Lrepidu.s Joeropsi., curvicorni., .foeropsis marionis Micmarcturu.~ hirticomi~
Munna instnic(a Munna nedecta Munnu ne;JzehmicLJ
Mu11aogoniu111 sp. SAM A40J75 Neaswc/1/a m,irionen.sis Notase/lus san;i Parnntlwra pO)Se,:sia Parnmuomz sp. SAM A40373 Santia hicomL,
Santi" cL lmlstcni Santia cf. man11om1u1, Semfo septemcadnat:i Bopyrid,tt• SAM A40366 Ti\NAIDACEA
Allotanais hirs11ws Apseudcs specral,ilis Nptotwwis aJlUJrcticus No101a111Jis dimorplws PfmcoloiJes licnrnlis P.imwrwi.\ 1x·11//i111.s Pscutfnnocotanais 11'er1hi Sinolobius stanfordi Zeu xo phytalensis Zeuxoidcs pseuclnlinm.tlis DECAPODA
C11tnpyl< 111<•1!1:, capen.,i,, Chori.smus antarcticu., Halican.:inus phmacus Lithodes murrayi Nauticiiri:. marionii..
Nt:.matocarc/1111s li111.:eopt.,
1\1[ UII idu sri tJO;,.U
Par.1/omis arn/eafl/1, Sympagun.11, dimorph1;,.
Paguroidcs i11arm.1111s
No of Records Int Dv Dr
1 1 7 3 2 2 40
2 9
7 11 36
9 2 6 4 4 6
I 3
II L, I 3 6 6 6 I 22 28
6 1 1
4
6
4 4
10 2
11 16
3 4 6 33 18 2
3 4 40
2
f(
18 l
Depth m Mfo Max
15 15
5 S
5 15 0 t5 0 52
44 71
0 51 210 .210
5 15
:i 15 5 J~S 140 140 2CKl 355 5 15 5 510 5 L"i 5 10 1.W 290 JO 474 210 210 5 5 15 15
5 5
.19 4RO 49 290
10 391 5 368 5 5 10 15 5 10
5 10 5 15 5 5 5 15 5 15
4SO 697 475 527 5 150 475 510 5 697 697 7-;o 368 697 106 693 697 697
Modal abundance in substrates
rock sand
A B C D E F
~ () 0 () 0
0 I l 3 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 O 2 0
() 0
0 0 I 2 2
0 0 0 0 O 1 1 0 0 l
0 0 0 0 0
2 2 0 0 3 0 0 I O I l 0
I O O O O 0
I O O I I
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 5 4 I O O 2 I
0 0 0 ( ) ( ) 2 0 0 0 ( ) ( ) 2 I 4 l I 1 0 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) I 5 I 2 4 I 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I O l l I
"OOOO· O
Abundance in communities
Offshore Int Div
shallow deep <5 rn 5-15m 1 2 3 4 S
p -- - - r - - - - p - - - - - - r - -
r r r - -
- r - - -
- - p p - - - r
- p C -
T C - fl
- - r
r p p - r r - - r -
C l' r
- a I.'.
- -- - P
- - - 1 . ' -
a r - - - - - - p -
n a c c p fl - - r :i r - p C a - - - - r
6
r
l'
C
7
r p a
p
C
a
p
p
C
r
p
r
p a
C
r
The number of stations at which each ~pecies was recorded is given for intertidal (Int), scuba-diving (Dv) and dredg- ing (Dr) survey~. For these three survey methods 8, 44 and 57 stations were sampled. respectively. Maximum and minimum depths are given. The modal abundance of each species is shown in relation lo substratum where the modal abundance is expressed as follows: 0= absent, l=l-5. 2=6-15, 3=16-30, 4=31-50, 5=51-100 i.ndividuals per sample.
Substrate types are: A= >60% rock. B=l0-60% rock. C= >50% gravel, D=sand with 5%-50% gravel, E=sw1d wil11 >5% mud, F=l00% sand.
Abundance is also summarised in relation to five community groups recognised by sjmj]arity analyses of the off- shore dredged material (community groups 1-5, see map in Pig L) or for intertidal (Int group 6 < 5m depth) and shallow-water scuba-samples (Dv, group 7, 5-15rn). Abundance was ranked as - = absent. r=rare, p=present.
c==common, a=abundant. Ranking was assigned on the basis of the product of the modal abundance and the percen- tage of stations within a community group at which the species was collected.
S. Afr. J. Amarct. Res .• Vol 21 o I. 1991 41
GeograpbicaJ distribution
The fauna of Marion and Pnnci: &fwarcl Islands c·on-- tains many species in common wtth 11t1ghbouri11g ('rozel and Kerguelen f.slands. Fewer species are in common with other subantarctic lo abties and only cosmopolitan spe- cies are shared with tht! Antarcni: Pernnsula or the south- em continents.
Of the 71 species of AmplupuJa known for Mar1011 Island, 28 also occur at either Crozet or Ketguelen Islands: L8 of the 71 species have been recorded only from Marion which include 8 new undescribcd species from the UCT collection and 10 new species from the Marion Dufresne 1976 survey (Bellan-Santini & Le- doyer 1986). Many of rhe amphipods are widespread throughout the Southern Oc~an and some ate cosmopoli- tan, occurring at New Zealand. South Africa and South America. The distribution and a syno1,ymical biogrnphy of the marine gammaridean Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean is sununansed by Lowry & BuJlock (1976). Ac- cording to Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer (1974) 81 species of Amphipoda have been reported from Kerguelen (24 of these also at Manon) and 16 from Crozet (11 of rhese also at Marion). Knox and Lowry, 1977, analysed the zoogeography of the be11thk amphipud~ of the Southern Ocean. They divided the fauna into four distinct areas:
the Subantarctic:, the Magellanic, the Scotia and the East Antarctic. In the Subantarctic area, which linked the Ket- guelen, Crozet and Prince Edward Islands with Auck- land. CampbeH and Macquarie Islands, 50% of the spe- cies were endemic while a pool of circumsubantarctic species tied the loosely kmt group together and linked it to the Magellanic area (composed of Tierra del Fue- go, Falkland lsEands and Burdwood bank) The circum- subantarctic species in.eluded Hyalehirtipalma. Gitanopsis squamosa, Acontiostoma marionis, Paramoera fissicau- da and Probolisca ovata, which are all algal-l1ving am- phipods and could have b\;cn dispersed on tloating rafts of algae by the West Wind Drift. The presettt results, while expanding the records from 13 to 71 species from Marion Island and from 59 to 81 fur Kerguelen, rein-
force this grouping because of the 28 species shared be- tween Marion. Cro2.et and Kerguelen lslands, 24 are either cosmopolitan 01 shated with other subantan.·tic Islands.
Kensley compares the geographical distribution of the known species of lsopoda f10m Crozct, Prince Edward and Marion Islands (Kensley, 1980) with other subant- arctic localities. The isopods from the subanrarct1c warer:-- of the Indian Ocean are summarised by Kussakm and Yasina (1982). The 21 new records of lsopoda from Mari- on Island which are documented here bring the total to 35, and of these only 6 have not already been recorded from either Crozet or Kerguelen Islands Four of these 6 were new species, while lanisera crep1dus and Santia cf. hofsteni have been recorded from the Indian Ocean subantarctic Islands of St Paul and Amsterdam.
Geographical distribution of the tanaids WdS taken from Shino 1978, and Sieg 1980. Of the l1 species of tanaid recorded here from Marion Island, 8 are new records.
Nine of the species also occur at Kerguelen Island. Of
42
th~ rema1IDng speues 2 were ran: Notol811ais an tan ·ll- cus is usually ..oufine<l to the antarctic and Smolobus M1m~
fordi is a Californian species whose pre ·cnce at Marion [sland needs confirmation.
The decapods wert: more ahundant in rhe deeper sta- tions to the west and south of 1.he Prince Edward Islands where sarnpling had not previously been undertaken and yielde<l 4 new records. Four species of swinuning prawns were recorded from Marion Island. By fur the most wide- spread and abundant was Naulicaris marionis which abo occurs in smaller numbers at Kerguelen and Crozel fa.
land:> (Ledoyer. 1919). Phl'asitic isopods of the family Bopyridae were- found in the gill chambers of N. mario- 11is. The only true crab was the small round Halicarci- n11s planarus which is also known frum Kerguelen. There
were four anomuran decapods. The stone crab Lithode., mum1y1 i~ widespread in distribution and usually more successfully caught in a baited trap, hence the low dredge numbers. Munida spinosa was locally abundant m the deep rocky zone south-west ot Prince Edward Island, as was the anemone hermit crab Sympaguros dimorphus which also occurred m the deeper waters between the Islands.
In summary the order Amphipoda is the mosl species- rich order of Crustacea at Marion Island, has more en- demic species and shares a smaller percentage of spe- des with the Ketguelen Islands than do the other orde1s. However, all orders showed strong affinities with both Crozet and Kerguelen Islands and the 49 new re('ords reinforce the placement of Marion Island in the Kergue- len province which can be loosely linked with other subantarctic islands
S. Air T. Na.11. Anwrkt.. Vol 21 No l, 1991