Computer Science 202-CH14-E-Commerce

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Barry Irwin August 2003

Barry Irwin August 2003 Rhodes University CS202 DatabasesRhodes University CS202 Databases 11

Computer Science 202 Computer Science 202

Databases in Electronic Databases in Electronic

Commerce Commerce

2 2 Barry Irwin August 2003

Barry Irwin August 2003 Rhodes University CS202 DatabasesRhodes University CS202 Databases

Objectives Objectives

To learn the definition for e

To learn the definition for e- -commerce, and its commerce, and its importance in the current business environment.

importance in the current business environment.

To learn some of the benefits and the disadvantages of To learn some of the benefits and the disadvantages of e

e- -commerce, as it currently exists. commerce, as it currently exists.

To learn the major security and privacy issues that relate To learn the major security and privacy issues that relate to e

to e- -commerce. commerce.

To learn how payments for purchases are handled in e To learn how payments for purchases are handled in e- - commerce.

commerce.

To learn the requirements for e

To learn the requirements for e- -commerce databases. commerce databases.

To learn the definition of XML and its importance in e To learn the definition of XML and its importance in e- - commerce.

commerce.

To learn how DTD and XSD documents fit into the e To learn how DTD and XSD documents fit into the e- - commerce environment.

commerce environment.

What is E

What is E- -commerce ? commerce ?

Definition Definition

n

Bring new products, services, or ideas to Bring new products, services, or ideas to market

market

n

Support and enhance business operations Support and enhance business operations (including sales of products/services over the (including sales of products/services over the Web)

Web)

Generally identified with Internet use Generally identified with Internet use External evidence is corporate Web site External evidence is corporate Web site Prime revenue source

Prime revenue source

E

E- -Commerce Issues Commerce Issues

Changed business environment Changed business environment New economy

New economy Benefits Benefits Disadvantages Disadvantages

E

E- -Commerce Benefits Commerce Benefits

Ability to provide quick and convenient Ability to provide quick and convenient comparison shopping

comparison shopping 24X7X365 operations 24X7X365 operations Global access Global access Lower entry barriers Lower entry barriers

Increased customer market knowledge Increased customer market knowledge Customer Profiling

Customer Profiling

E

E- -Commerce Disadvantages Commerce Disadvantages

Hidden costs Hidden costs

Technology is not perfect Technology is not perfect Thin profit margins Thin profit margins Security

Security

loss of privacy

service levels

legal issues

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E

E- -Commerce Models Commerce Models

Business to Business (B2B) Business to Business (B2B)

n

Interactions on a much higher level Interactions on a much higher level

n

Business interacting with Suppliers Business interacting with Suppliers

n

Business interacting with Distributors Business interacting with Distributors Business to Consumer (B2C) Business to Consumer (B2C)

n

Mass Market Mass Market

n

Amazon, Kalahari.net, Barnes&Noble Amazon, Kalahari.net, Barnes&Noble Intra Business

Intra Business

n

Electronic activities within a company Electronic activities within a company

n

Often between divisions or employees and Often between divisions or employees and organisation

organisation

E

E- -Commerce Models Commerce Models

Architecture Architecture

Managerial issues Managerial issues

n

Establishing partnerships Establishing partnerships Suppliers

Suppliers Distributors Distributors Vendors Vendors

n

Design and development of business plans Design and development of business plans Technological issues

Technological issues

n

Hardware and software Hardware and software

n

Well Well- -planned architecture planned architecture

Basic Network Services Basic Network Services

Business Logic/Functions

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E

E- -commerce Services commerce Services

Overall E

Overall E- -Commerce Architecture Commerce Architecture

E

E- -commerce Systems commerce Systems

Security Security

Procedures and technology uses Procedures and technology uses

n

Protection against accidental and intentional access Protection against accidental and intentional access

n

Warrantee identity of transaction’s participants Warrantee identity of transaction’s participants Buyer

Buyer Seller Seller

n

Protect transaction data from unauthorized Protect transaction data from unauthorized modifications during Internet travel modifications during Internet travel

n

Protect resources (data and computer) Protect resources (data and computer) Customers’ personal data

Customers’ personal data Privacy issues Privacy issues

Property against criminal activities Property against criminal activities

Transaction Processing Transaction Processing

Digital Cash Digital Cash

n

Digital equivalent of hard cash Digital equivalent of hard cash

n

Digital certificates verify identity of transaction Digital certificates verify identity of transaction participants

participants

n

Low transaction costs Low transaction costs

n

Lack of customer acceptance Lack of customer acceptance Credit Card purchasing Credit Card purchasing

n

Most common for online purchasing Most common for online purchasing

n

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Electronic wallets

Electronic wallets

Database Design for E

Database Design for E- -Commerce Commerce

Don’t reinvent the wheel Don’t reinvent the wheel

New application but uses the same design New application but uses the same design techniques

techniques E

E- -Commerce DB should provide Commerce DB should provide

n

Facilitate sales of products and services Facilitate sales of products and services

n

Show products and services Show products and services

n

Conduct basic sales transactions Conduct basic sales transactions

n

Customer service Customer service

n

Product returns Product returns

n

Web customer profiling Web customer profiling

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Basic Logic Basic Logic

Sell products Sell products

n

PRODUCT and CUSTOMER Tables PRODUCT and CUSTOMER Tables Customer may place multiple orders Customer may place multiple orders

n

1:M relationship between CUSTOMER and ORDER 1:M relationship between CUSTOMER and ORDER Order contains multiple lines

Order contains multiple lines

n

1:M relationship between ORDER and ORDLINE 1:M relationship between ORDER and ORDLINE Order lines refer to one product

Order lines refer to one product

n

1:M between PRODUCT and ORDLINE 1:M between PRODUCT and ORDLINE

Business Logic Business Logic

Customer browses catalog by category Customer browses catalog by category

n

Each PRODUCT belongs to PRODTYPE Each PRODUCT belongs to PRODTYPE Customer places products in shopping cart Customer places products in shopping cart

n

SHOPCART belongs to one CUSTOMER and SHOPCART belongs to one CUSTOMER and references one or more PRODUCTS references one or more PRODUCTS

Customer checks out and enters credit card and Customer checks out and enters credit card and shipping info

shipping info

n

Added to ORDER Added to ORDER

After credit card authorization order created After credit card authorization order created

n

SHOPCARD used to create ORDER with ORDLINEs SHOPCARD used to create ORDER with ORDLINEs

Business Logic Business Logic

Merchant offers shipping options Merchant offers shipping options

n

SHIPOPTION stores details SHIPOPTION stores details

Merchant offers many payment options Merchant offers many payment options

n

PMTOPTION stores details PMTOPTION stores details

States may have different tax rates States may have different tax rates

n

Stored in STATE and TAXRATE Stored in STATE and TAXRATE

eXtensible Markup Language eXtensible Markup Language - -XML XML

Meta- -language language

Represents and manipulates data Represents and manipulates data elements

elements

Facilitates exchange of structured Facilitates exchange of structured documents over the Web

documents over the Web

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published standard

published standard Allows definition of meta

Allows definition of meta- -tags to describe tags to describe data elements

data elements

XML Breakdown XML Breakdown

Allows definition of new tags Allows definition of new tags Case sensitive

Case sensitive

n

Tags must be well Tags must be well- -formed formed

n

Proper nesting required Proper nesting required Can use <

Can use <-- -- and and -- --> to enter comments > to enter comments XML/xml prefixes reserved for XML tags XML/xml prefixes reserved for XML tags only

only

Not a replacement for HTML Not a replacement for HTML

XML example

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The XML DTD The XML DTD

File with .dtd extension to describe XML File with .dtd extension to describe XML elements

elements

Provides composition of database’s logical Provides composition of database’s logical model

model

Defines syntax rules for each XML Defines syntax rules for each XML document

document Defines valid tags Defines valid tags

XML DTD Example XML DTD Example

DTD Application DTD Application

XML Schema XML Schema

Advanced data definition language used to Advanced data definition language used to describe structure of XML documents describe structure of XML documents Checks for database types

Checks for database types Validates data for out

Validates data for out - -of of- -range values range values XML Schema Definition (XSD) file uses XML Schema Definition (XSD) file uses syntax like XML document

syntax like XML document

Formatting XML Formatting XML

Specifies rules for display of XML data Specifies rules for display of XML data Two parts

Two parts

n

Extensible Style Language Transformation (XSLT) Extensible Style Language Transformation (XSLT) General mechanism to extract and process data from one General mechanism to extract and process data from one XML document and transform within another

XML document and transform within another

n

XSL style sheets XSL style sheets

Defines presentation rules applied to XML elements Defines presentation rules applied to XML elements Describes formatting options for different XML elements Describes formatting options for different XML elements

Limited browser support Limited browser support

XML Schema Example

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XSLT Application Example XSLT Application Example

XML Applications XML Applications

B2B exchanges B2B exchanges

Legacy system integration Legacy system integration Web page development Web page development Database support Database support Database meta

Database meta - -dictionaries dictionaries XML databases

XML databases

XML services ( ‘Web services’)