• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the malaria health education program performed by community health workers for pregnant women and children 0-5 years in a selected primary health care centre in Rwanda.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "An evaluation of the effectiveness of the malaria health education program performed by community health workers for pregnant women and children 0-5 years in a selected primary health care centre in Rwanda."

Copied!
153
0
0

Teks penuh

Cilj:7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWRHYDOXDWHWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRI0DODULD+HDOWKGHXFDWLRQ LQWHUYHQWLRQV JLYHQ WR SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ DQG FKLOGUHQ \HDUV E\ FRPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUVDWDVHOH FWHG3ULPDU\+HDOWK&DUH3+&&HQWUHLQ5ZDQGD. Konzluek:7KLV VWXG\ VKRZHG WKH SRVVLEOH IDFWRUV LQ WKH 0DODULD +HDOWK (GXFDWLRQ SURJUDPV JLYHQ E\ &+:V WKDW PD\ LQIOXHQFH WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKHVH SURJUDPV LQ UHGXFLQJ0DODULDPRU ELGLW\DQGPRUWDOLW\LQSUHJQDQWZRPHQGFKLOGUHQ\HDUV.amp; 7$UWHPLVLQEDVHG&RPELQDWLRQ7KHUDS\. amp; ;&%HKDYLRU&KDQJH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ. amp;%,0&,&RPPXQLW\%DVHG,QWHJUDWHG0DQDJHPHQWRI&KLOGKRRG,OOQHVVHV. amp;%+,&RPPXQLW\%DVHG+HDOWK,QVXUDQFH. amp;%3&RPPXQLW\%DVHG3ODQQLQJ.amp;&0 &RPQLW\ &DVH0DQDJHPHQW. amp; ;'&&HQWUHIRU'LVHDVH&RQWURO. amp;,1$+/&XPXODWLYH,QGH[WR1XUVLQJDQG$OOLHG+HDOWK '2+'HSDUWPHQW2I+HDOWK.

LIST OF ANNEXES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

7KH UROH RI WKHVH &RPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUV DUH WKHQ WR VHQVLWLVH FRPPXQLWLHV RQ GLVHDVHSUHYHQWLYHPHDVXUHVSURSHUK\JLHQHDQGVDQLWDWLRQXVHRILQVHFWLFLGHWUHDWHG PRVTXL WR QHWV HDUO\ +HDOWK FDUH VHHNLQJ EHKDYLRXUV EUHDVWIHHGLQJ DQG LQIDQW DQG. RXQJ FKLOG IHHGLQJQXWULWLRQ 0XJHQL 7KXV FRPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUV FDQ IDFLOLWDWH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG HIIHFW EHKDYLRXU FKDQJH DV ZHOO DV GLVHDVH VUXUYHLOODQFH DQGFRQWDF WWUDFLQJ0XJHQL.

  • Setting
  • Objectives of the National Malaria Health Education Program 7KHREMHFWLYHVRIWKH1DWLRQDO0DODULD+HDOWK3URJUDPDUH
  • Activities of Malaria Health Education Program in the Selected PHC Centre
  • Aim of the study
  • Objectives of the study 7KHREMHFWLYHVRIWKHVWXG\ZHUH

FRPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUV &+:V LQ 5ZDQGD EHIRUH WKH IRUPDO +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ SURJUDPV ZLWK WKRVH ZKR KDYH UHFHLYHG WKH 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLR W RI WKH IRUPDO +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQSURJUDPVWR. 7RHYDOXDWHDQGFRPSDUH0DODULDPRUELGLW\DQGPRUWDOLW\RI FKLOGUHQ\HDUV ZKRVHPRWKHUVGLGQRWUHFHLYHWKH0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQLQWHUYHQWXLRQKHZHWLQWHUYHQWXLRQJHWLHWHQ: LQ5ZDQGDEHIRUHWKHIRUPDO +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ SURJUDPV DQG WKRVH ZKR KDYH UHFHLYHG WKH 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ LQWHUYHQWLRQ DIWHU WKH FRPPHUPQFHWHQ UDPVWR.

Table 1: Malaria indicators recommended by WHO (WHO, 2011a:10).
Table 1: Malaria indicators recommended by WHO (WHO, 2011a:10).

HYPOTHESIS

7R HYDOXDWH DQG FRPSDUH 0DODULD PRUELGLW\ DQG PRUWDOLW\ RI SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ ZKR GLG QRW UHFHLYH WKH 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ LQWHUYHQWLRQ JLYHQ E\. 7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLOO SURYLGH D QHZ ERG\ RI NQRZOHGJH IRU WKH DFWLYLWLHV RI WKH 0DODULD+HDOWK(GXFDWLRQ3URJUDP.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Table 2: Definition of terms

The period during which a female is pregnant, in humans, is about 266 days from the last normal period to parturition, or 288 days from the last normal period to parturition.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

  • The CDC Evaluation Framework

Engaging Stakeholders

Describing the program

Focus the evaluation design (Methodology)

19 their family members, nurses, consulting staff, laboratory technicians, selected primary health care organizations) and finally, the main users of the assessment (researchers, policy makers, partnerships, managers). 20 by evaluating the results of the program, namely the reduction of mortality and morbidity from Malaria in the Logic Model.

Gather credible evidence (Data collection)

Justify conclusions (Data Analysis)

  • The LOGIC Model
  • CONCLUSION

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klv fkdswhu suhvhqwhg dq lqwurgxfwlrq wr wkh vwxg \ wkh edfnjurxqg ri wkh vwxg \ d ghvfulswlrq ri wkh 0doduld suhyhqwlrq surjudp wkh SureOHP VWDHPHQW dqrH wkH \ Srwkhvlv dqg Vljqlilfdqfh ri wkh vwxg \ 7kh nh \ whupv uhodwhg wr wkh hydoxdwlrqriwkhhiihfwlyhqvriwkh0doduld+hdowk (gxfdwlrq3urjudpshge \.

Figure 3:  /RJLF0RGHOFRPSRQHQWVIRUUHVHDUFKSURMHFW
Figure 3: /RJLF0RGHOFRPSRQHQWVIRUUHVHDUFKSURMHFW

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

MALARIA AND PREGNANT WOMEN

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ெ$OHVVD 5ZDJDFRQGR .DEDQR 1WDNLUXWLPDQD 0DODULD LV RQH RI WKH PDLQ+HDOWKSUREOHPVLQ5ZDQGDDQGLVRQHRIWKHUHDVRQVIRUIUHTXHQWSDWLHQWYLVLWVWR +HDOWKFDUHIDFLOLWLHV. Q5ZDQGD0DODULDKDVDYHU\VHULRXVHIIHFW RQSUHJQDQF\$GDP.KDPLVVD (OLEDVKLU 3UHJQDQW ZRPHQ DUH YHU\ VXVFHSWLEOH WR 0DODULD DQG WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI VHYHULW\ GHSHQGV RQ WKH OHYHO RI WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ LQ WKDW JHRJUDS KLF DUHD.

LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

LQ SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ DQG FKLOGUHQ LQ HQGHPLF 0DODULD VHJLRQV 0DODULD LQ SUHJQDQF\ LV DV\PSWRPDWLF DQG LV WKH PDLQ FDXVH RI ORZHLHVHVHWH RI ORZHLHVHVHVHWH DO DQLRDHQDHVHVHVHVHWH DO DQLRDHQDQHV DHPLD DPRQJ FKLOGUHQ DQG LQ SUHJQDQW ZRPHQDQGLOOQHVVLQWKHPRWKHUFRQWULEXWHVHVWLDWDQ GLVHDVH RI SRYHUW\ DV LW PRVWO \ DIIHFWV WKRVH L ZKR OLYH UXUDO DUHDV LQ SRRUO\.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA

MALARIA IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN GENERAL

DANGER SIGNS OF SEVERE MALARIA

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

SHORTAGES IN HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH CARE

  • Selection of community Health workers
  • Community Health workers visiting households
  • Collective functions of Community Health Workers
  • Building a workforce of CHWs: materials, training and certification

GYDQWDJHV RI XVLQJ FRPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUV DUH WR SURYLGH VRFLDO VXSSRUW DQG FXOWXUDOO\DSSURSULDWHFRVWHIIHFWLYHFDUH$OVRFRPPXQLW\+HDOWKZRUNHUVDUHHIIHFWLYH LQIDFLOLWDWLQJDFFHV VWR+HDOWKVHUYLFHVLQFUHDVLQJNQRZOHGJHDQGWKHUHIRUHEULQJLQJ DERXW EHKDYL RXU FKDQJH DPRQJ FRPPXQLWLHV $QGUHZV )HLWRQ :HZHUV +HDOWK. 34 /DP HW DO HPSKDVL]HG WKDW FRPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUV DUH HIIHFWLYH EHFDXVHWKH\XVHWKHLUFXOWXUDONQRZOHGJHDQGVRFLDOQHWZRUNVWRFUHDWHFKDQJHDQG EXLOGRQHDQRWKHUеVFDSDFL WLHV.

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT WITH RESPECT TO HEALTH CARE EQUITY

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

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS

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

HEALTH EDUCATION ON MALARIA CONTROL

  • Importance of prevention of Malaria in pregnant women
  • Health promotion and disease prevention
  • Effect of Health education for pregnant women
  • Distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNS)

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

INTERMITTENT PRESUMPTIVE TREATMENT (IPT) DURING PREGNANCY

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e \ wkh 'lvwulfw krvslwdov rqo \ .duhpd hw do 7kh uhfru ghg dqg uhsruwhg gdwd lqfoxgh rxwsdwlhqw uhfrugv ri 0doduld fdvhvlQsdwlhqwHfrugvRi0 Jerwkglvfkdujhgdqgghdwkvdqg ODERUDWRU\UHFRUGDQVDXDUP. WDO :+2D)URPWRSUHVXPHGDQGFRQILUPHGFDVHVRIRXWSDWLHQW0DODULD ZHUH UHFRUGHG VHSDUDWHO\ +RZ HYHU VLQFH RQO\ FRQILUPHG FDVHVRIRXWSDWLHQW0DODULD ZHUH UHFRUGHG VHSDUDWHO\ +RZ HYHU VLQFH RQO\ FRQILUPHG FDVHVRIRXWSDWLHQW0DODULD ZHUHQHUHQHUHQHUHQHUHQHUHQUHQ O\ FRQILUPHG FDVHVDULHQWHGD0 VHZHUHFODVVLILHGLQWRWZRFDWHJRULHVXQFRPSOLFDWHGRU VHYHUH0DODULD.DUHPDHWDO.

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY

  • RESEARCH PARADIGM AND APPROACH
  • RESEARCH DESIGN
  • Process Evaluation - CHW record audit
  • Part 2: Historical Control Quasi-Experimental Outcomes Study: A Retrospective Comparative Clinic Record Review
    • RESEARCH SETTING
    • STUDY POPULATION
  • CHW record review
  • Retrospective Comparative Clinic Record Review
    • DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS
  • Process Evaluation - CHW record review
    • VALADITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE TOOLS 1. Validity
    • DATA COLLECTION
    • ETHICS
    • CONCLUSION

PRUELGLW\ LQ SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ DQG FKLOGUHQ XQGHU \HDUV EHIRUH WKH IRUPDO +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQSURJUDPV DQG WR DIWHU WKH FRPPHQFHPHQW RI WKH IRUPDO 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQSURJUDPV. FHQWUH 7KH ILQGLQJV ZLOO FRQWULEXWH WR LQIRUPDWLRQDURXQGWKHXWLOLVDWLRQRI0DODULD +HDOWKHGXFDWLRQWRWKHFRPPXQLW\RI WKH +HDOWK GLVWULFW &RPPXQLW\ +HDOWK ZRUNHUV +HDOWK IDFLOLW LHV SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ DQG FKLOGUHQ XQGHU \HDUV LQ RWKHU +HDOWK GLVWU LFWV ZLOO DOVR EHQHILW IURP WKH ILQGLQJV RI HYDOXDWLRQ.

Figure 4:
Figure 4: 'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ3URFHVV

CHAPTER FOUR

FINDINGS

INTRODUCTION

  • Demographic data of CHWs
  • Factors influencing effectiveness of Malaria Health education by the CHWS ,Q FRQVLGHULQJ WKH IDFWRUV LQIOXHQFLQJ WKH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ
    • Malaria Health Education Processes
    • Outputs
  • Malaria morbidity and mortality in pregnant women for the years 2008 to 2011
  • Malaria morbidity and mortality in children 0- 5 years old from 2006 to 2011 )URPWRFKLOGUHQXQGHU\HDUVROGFRQVXOWHGWKH+HDOWKFHQWUHV

70 E 3URYLVLRQ RI 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ WR SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ GXULQJ DQWHQDWDO FDUH GLVWULEXWLRQRILQVHFWLFLGHQHWV,71VDQG//,71VWRSUHFKQDQU XUVHJQDQU XUVHJQDQHQDQUQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHWQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQHQQH WKHPRELOL]DWLRQRQ0DODULDUHODWHGK\JLHQHDQGVDQLWDWLRQ F 7UHDWPHQWD QG5HIHUUDORI0DODULDFDVHV. 7KH UHFRUGV VKRZHG WKDW IURP WKH WLPH WKH 0DODULD +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ SURJUDP ZDV LPSOHPHQWHG LQ WKH DUHDV RI WKH +HDOWK FHQWUH WKH 0DODULD PRUELHYHW\ IRU.

Table 4:   Level of Education by type of CHW
Table 4: Level of Education by type of CHW

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS

  • INTRODUCTION
  • PROCESS EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS’ (CHWs) MALARIA HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM
    • Inputs (Resources and Staff)
    • Malaria Prevention Activities (Processes)
  • Outcome Evaluation
    • Malaria morbidity and mortality in pregnant women
    • Malaria morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2011
  • CONCLUSION

7KLUGO\ WKLV VWXG\ IRXQG WKDW WZR WKLUGV RI WKH &+:V Q OHIW VFKRRO DW SULPDU\VFKRROZLWKRQO\UHDFKLQJVHFRQGDU\VFKRROOHYHODQGRQO\. 86 RI FRQFHUQ WKDW QRQH RI WKH &+: UHFRUGV LQGLFDWHG DQ\ GLJLWDO WKHUPRPHWHUV 3DUDFHWDPROWDEOHWVRUGRVLQJFKDUWVIRU$UWPHWKHU/XPHIDQWULQH.

CHAPTER SIX

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS

  • Outcome evaluation

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

RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Recommendation for selected Primary Health Care Centre
  • Recommendation for further research

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

CHECKLIST

ANNEXURE 1.1: Data collection checklist: Process evaluation of the factors influencing malaria Health education given by community Health workers Tool A

  • Sessions included information on the following
  • Record of Health education materials in the Health Center offered to CHWs +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ
  • Incentives given to CHWs
  • How does Health Center communicate with CHWs for the referral of patients &RPPXQLFDWLRQPRELOHE\WHOHSKRQHWR+HDOWK&HQWHU
  • How often does the CHWs report to Health facilities : 0RQWKO\
  • How do they report

Overview of health education materials provided to CHWs at the health center +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ +HDOWK HGXFDWLRQ. How does the Health Center communicate with CHWs for patient referral &RPPXQLFDWLRQPRELOHE\WHOHSKRQHWR+HDOWK&HQWHU &RPPXQLFDWLRQPRELOHE\WHOHSKRQHWR+HDOWK&HQWHU.

Data collection checklist: Clinic records Tool B

  • PREVENTION OF DISEASES
  • FOLLOW UP OF SICK CHILD

The title of the study is “EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MALARIA HEALTH EDUCATION IMPLEMENTED BY COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN IN RWANDA”. This protocol will be approved by the University of KwaZulu-Natal research ethics committees and is awaiting approval.

Gambar

Table 1: Malaria indicators recommended by WHO (WHO, 2011a:10).
Figure 1 /RJLF0RGHOIRUHYDOXDWLRQRI0DODULD3URJUDPV
Figure 2:  &'&(YDOXDWLRQ)UDPHZRUN&'&
Figure 3:  /RJLF0RGHOFRPSRQHQWVIRUUHVHDUFKSURMHFW
+7

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Table XI " of cases in wh~h contacts were both recorded and screened by TB health service TB Health Service Cape Town Hospital Clinic 1 Clinic 2 Paarl Hospital Clinic 1 Clinic 2