The researcher investigated the problems encountered during the implementation of the sustainable use of resources policy through a case study approach in the Enkumane region of KwaZuluatal. The results highlighted significant differences of opinion regarding the implementation of sustainable resource use policy within and between different stages of the policy-to-implementation process.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACAT
ACRONYMS AND ABEVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- FROM T H E B E G I N N I N G
- A CASE STUDY
- FROM CASE STUDY T O RESEARCH PROJECT
- SUMMARY
The purpose of the study was to investigate the struggles that arose during the implementation of the SRU policy in Enkuman. Difficulties in the implementation of the SRU policy in Enkuman led to the conceptualization of the research problem.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
Therefore, this study follows an interdisciplinary approach, trying to understand the process from policy to implementation and sustainable use of resources, rather than specializing in a particular topic. While this study examines individual actions and the subject of study is a small social group, the perspective of conflict is quite limiting.
POLICY PERSPECTIVES .1 Policy
- Policy instruments
- Public policy
- Policy problems
- Planning
- Policies related to sustainable resource use
- Community-Based Natural Resource Management and LandCare
Details of the policies relating to the content of the SRU policy are discussed in the next section. It can be argued that these are the instruments of the CBNRM policy, which is aligned with the NLP in the SRU policy.
SUMMARY
According to Grimes (2000), there is a growing awareness of the need to focus on the social dimension in CBNRM as skepticism grows about wasted resources, ill-conceived projects and false expectations. However, contemporary strategies for rural development in Australia are based on ideas of self-help and bottom-up, community-based initiatives that are said to 'empower' the individual as opposed to powerful structures of government intervention (Herbert-Cheshire 2000). ). While the empowering effects of self-help are often cited as its greatest virtue, the local population is not so much controlled as an additional burden of responsibility.
Within the public service context, this is quite difficult to achieve due to the predefined line functions and communication channels. Self (1972) explicitly explains that the implementation research problem is due to lack of resources and skills, pressures for measures, and unwillingness to comply with legislation. There is tension between demands for more participation and more rational decision-making, on the one hand, and greater effectiveness, on the other.
STUDY SITE
LOCATION
Moist native forests of high biodiversity significance are characteristic of south-facing slopes in the Mkomazi Valley. The following common native trees were identified in the study site: Acacia sieberana (Paper bark thorn), Halleria lucida (Tree Fuchsia), Harpephyllum caffrum (Wild Plum), Rapena melanophloeos (Cape Beech), Syrngium cordatum (Umdoni), Xymalos monospora (Lemon wood). ), Heteropyxis natalensis (lavender tree), Cussonia spicata (common cabbage tree), Combretum krausii (forest willow) and Apodytes dimidiata (White pear). Agriculture, within Enkumane, is subsistence and communal, except for a commercial farmland adjacent to the study site.
The number of livestock (Nguni cattle) is not as high as one would expect from a rural area, possibly due to the limited grazing capacity of the country. In the nine months of work at Enkumane, the researcher noticed two extensive fires on the open slopes. Camp (1997) states that the great variation in natural resources in turn leads to variations in the types of farming that can occur with corresponding production levels.
Shange (leader of Masibambaneni Youth Club) stands in the center of the photo on plate 3, next to one of his father's Nguni bulls. On the other hand, alien plants such as Lantana camara and Chtvmolaena odorata (Triffid Weed) are invading the land, soil erosion and trampling are visible in regular paths, communal gardens are deteriorating, there is a lack of water, as well as a shortage of firewood and construction materials, while watercourses and wetlands are degrading. There is no electricity, telecommunications or tap water (with the exception of Enkumane Reformed Mission).
Sometimes ERM remains the only contact with the outside world, in emergency situations. Most families depend on a monthly pension, child benefit and other welfare allowances, which at the time of research amounted to just over R500. People first contact Nkosi or Induna and then the police for security issues.
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Despite the violence in recent years, community members expressed interest in the potential and opportunity for developing eco-tourism initiatives. In the past, communities have experienced very reactive government involvement in service delivery to Enkumane. During the study, the following government agencies were most actively involved: Department of Labour, National and Provincial Department of Agriculture, Department of Health and Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.
The important factor, however, is that vulnerable groups such as women, youth and disabled people are not well represented in leadership structures. Traditionally, authorities control the allocation of land in communal areas and play an important role in managing conflict and maintaining discipline. The Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture (provincial), Vumakwenza Tribal Authority, General Dealership, Ministry of Transport and Illembe Regional Council (crafts) were organizations frequently mentioned by respondents.
SUMMARY
- ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY
- KEY APPROACHES
- RESEARCH DESIGN
- Research framework
- Research instruments
- Developing research variables
- Conceptual and operational definitions
- Hypothesis formulation
- Selection of key informants
- Methods of data collection
- SUMMARY
Since the initial perception of the research problem was of a personal nature, it could be described as a window. Conceptual understanding of the research problem influenced the way the study was designed. The independent variable represented the characteristics of the sustainable use of resources policy and its purpose (see Appendix A).
Finally, the antecedent variable was defined as the characteristics of the policy implementation process, performance measurements and associated success indicators. Jordaan and Jordaan (1998) inform us that cognitive structuring can be described as a process by which one forms selective, structured impressions (interpretations) of the physical and social environment. The research questionnaire was directed at each of the levels in the policy-to-implementation process and corresponded to the objectives of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RESEARCH ANSWERS
- Priority
- Policy
- Implementation
- Performance measurement
- Problem solving
This was the opinion of members of the Masibambaneni Youth Club, who are community representatives. Improve the capacity of the Masibambaneni Youth Club .. poor mission ownership by the community Selfishness &. The post office has set up letter boxes;. si) The Department of Water Affairs is in the process of providing water and sanitation for Enkuman;. sB The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture supports the Enkumane community with technical expertise; .. i s The Ministry of Land Affairs is considering a land claim to improve the security of land tenure;.
What criteria and indicators are used to assess, evaluate or measure the successful implementation of the SRU policy in Enkumane. The main weakness of the SRU policy is that it cannot be successfully applied to Enkumane without further additions and changes to the policy itself. Implementation of SRU policy is determined by planners who decide when, how, to whom and where it should be implemented.
SUMMARY
In managing the "efforts" in implementing the SRU policy, some suggestions can be made, which are supported by the theoretical perspectives in Chapter 2. The SRU policy should contain clear guidelines for implementation, including stating what areas priorities and which approaches should be followed. More emphasis is needed on the SRU policy process, rather than on the stages of the policy process.
As indicated in Chapter 2, there is always room to improve the efficiency of policy management and implementation. A marketing strategy is needed to promote SRU policies in poor rural areas and government departments need to collaborate more often. A more integrated approach in SRU policy research is necessary, with a lateral and interdisciplinary focus.
CONCLUSION
- REVISITING T H E STUDY OBJECTIVES
- LIMITATIONS
- LESSONS FROM THIS STUDY
- SUGGESTIONS FOR T H E WAY FORWARD
The SRU policy should contain clear guidelines for implementation, including answers to the questions of what are the priority areas and what approaches to follow. More emphasis is needed on the SRU policy process, rather than on the stages of the policy process. It was evident that the problems with SRU policy and the situation in the Enkumane area are acute.
A strategic development intervention is needed, which includes all the actors to reform the SRU policy. All actors in the SRU policy should participate and contribute to such an intervention. The researcher recommends that the NDA consider this thesis as a contribution to the understanding of the process from policy to implementation, and in this regard, a useful guide to make improvements in the SRU policy.
Recent Trends in Natural Resource Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Illustrated by Experiences from the West African Sahel: Successful Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa, Center for Development Cooperation Services, Amsterdam. Speech by the Minister of Agriculture and Land Affairs on the occasion of delivering the agricultural and budget vote. Intergovernmental relations in South Africa: The challenges of collaborative government Public Administration and Development 20 pp 119-128.
Regional Food Security and Agricultural Policy in Southern Africa: A Challenge of Policy Conversion in Different Environments.
APPENDIX A: SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE POLICY
A central element of die National Land Care Program is that it encourages people to take responsibility for their own environment with the support of national and provincial government. The NDA will also take the lead in a program of legislative reform that will see the Agricultural Resources Conservation Act 1983 (Act 43 of 1983) amended or replaced to ensure compliance with new policies on sustainable resource use. One of the purposes of the law was to prevent agricultural land with high potential from being used for other purposes.
The provisions of the Development Promotion Act and provincial decrees governing the use of agricultural land will be reviewed and, if necessary, strengthened to ensure an adequate level of agricultural land protection. C3 Degradation of natural resources occurs in varying degrees on arable and grazing land, regardless of sector or form of land tenure. In most rural areas of South Africa there is no effective land use zoning.
APPENDIX B: PRELIMINARY QUESTIONNAIRE
- What are your perceptions regarding the outcome of this policy?
- What role do you play in formulating this policy?
- Please rate the importance of this policy in the agricultural sector of South Africa, on a scale from 1 to 5: (please circle one)
- Do you envisage that this policy process will be effective? Or not?
- What are the alternative ways of developing a policy?
- What key problems do you foresee in implementing this policy?
- Any further comments regarding the implementation of this policy?
Please rate the importance of this policy in the agricultural sector of South Africa, on a scale of 1 to 5: (circle one) South Africa, on a scale of 1 to 5: (please circle one).
APPENDIX C: RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
Development of the SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE policy (summary attached) Have you been involved in the development of your policy. Policv maker Imolements Not sure How far have you been asked to take diis policy (to whom)?. How will you identify and prioritize which key areas should be addressed by this policy?
What do you think are the key areas that should be addressed by this policy. What do you understand by the term implementation and why do you think our policies are not being implemented effectively? Do you know of any examples of actual output generated from the implementation of this policy (please provide details).
