This study attempts to determine whether an expanded public works program contributes to job creation and economic growth. This study will attempt to determine whether an expanded public works program contributes to job creation and economic growth.
SUB PROBLEMS
The Expanded Public Works Program is a national government program aimed at attracting significant numbers of unemployed people into productive employment. Measure the extent to which jobs created by the Expanded Public Works program are sustainable;.
VALUE OF THE STUDY
The third sub-problem is to analyze and interpret the processed data in order to assess the impact of the program in creating sustainable employment opportunities. To critically assess the impact of jobs created through an expanded public works program on economic growth under South Africa's Accelerated and Inclusive Growth Initiative;.
RESEARCH DESIGN
To find out what were the most widely accepted empirical findings in the field of study;. To establish that the most commonly accepted definition of key terms in the field is used.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
PREVIEW OF DISSERTATION CHAPTERS
CONCLUSION
This literature review is guided by the problem statement regarding the impact of the Expanded Public Works Program on reducing unemployment and creating sustainable employment. The sources were found using some of the electronic databases to which the University of KwaZulu-Natal Library subscribes, including Nexus, Ebsco Host and Sabinet.
SURVEY OF LITERATURE THAT RELATE TO THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE DISSERTATION
DEFINITION OF UNEMPLOYMENT
People who are neither employed nor actively looking for work are not considered part of the labor force. The study will focus on the impact of the Expanded Public Works Program (EPWP) on job creation.
EXTENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT
- DEPENDENCY RATIO IN THE KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE
- UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE PROVINCE
- DEMOGRAPHIC DIMENSION OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE PROVINCE
- AGE DIMENSION OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE
The incidence of poverty is highest in the rural areas where around 74% of the population lives on incomes below the poverty line. The province has a youth population of approximately 56.3% (i.e. 5.3 million people) of the total population in the province (i.e. 9.4 million people).
DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Discouraged workers are not counted as part of the unemployment problem because they are technically out of the labor force. They are part of the unemployment problem, even if they are not officially counted as unemployed.
SPECIAL EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES
- THE SUCCESS OF PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMMES DURING 1930'S The successes of South Africa's PWPs during the 1930s were possible for
- EXPANDED PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMME GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE
Abedian and Standish (as cited in Khosa 1997:2) argue that during the height of the depression in the 1930s, government spending on PWPs took up a significant portion of the government budget. Later, policymakers and donors began to emphasize the need to target the “poorest of the poor.”
ECONOMIC IMPACT AND GOVERNMENT RESPONSE
This should be handled by the government in such a way as to increase the wealth of the nation. A relatively small portion of the population that still has access to wage employment has benefited from economic growth.
ASGISA AND JIPSA INITIATIVES AIM TO HALVE UNEMPLOYMENT Payment of anything approaching a living wage reduces the number employed
In most district municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal, community services, commerce and agriculture are the main employers. Furthermore, growth potential is significantly limited as long as a significant portion of the population is excluded from the mainstream economy. The planned growth rate of the government's capital budget, between 15% and 20% per annum, is unprecedented in South African history.
COST OF GENERATING EMPLOYMENT
Finally, Mc Catcheon & Parkins (2003:42) argue that employment-intensive methods can create employment at low costs. Creating employment in a modern economy requires huge investments: ranging from several million Rand per job to about R (constant prices) per job in civil construction. This limited target is not surprising given the lack of a significant additional budget explicitly allocated to the public works program compared to the other countries.
EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
The labor absorption rate is the number of employed population expressed as a percentage of the total population aged 15 to 65; and the working population. Without training, the program's impact on the lives of beneficiaries will be limited, as will its long-term contribution to addressing the country's skills shortages. Most activities in the EPWP are carried out on a project basis and the training will therefore generally be related to the activities that are part of this project.
LABOUR-INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION (LIC) AS A *SOLUTION TO UNEMPLOYMENT
Akinsanya, as cited by Amusan (2007:3), argues that there are several explanations for the adoption of labor-intensive modes of production. McCord (2007:2) argues that the adoption of labor-intensive infrastructure approaches can increase overall employment, which is positive from a macroeconomic perspective. The effective implementation of labor-intensive construction methods can restore some of the jobs lost to conventional capital-intensive construction methods.
SMALL AND MEDIUM CONTRACTORS DEVELOPMENT
McCord and Meth (2007:4) state that given the highly capital intensive nature of much of the proposed investment, it is not guaranteed that much additional employment can be expected from it. Egbeonu (2007:1) further argues that the programs find it difficult to develop the small/medium entrepreneurs due to the challenges of overcoming the lack of the preparatory factors. Therefore, the task is to find an effective approach to the development of small / medium-sized contractors who must be aware of the preparatory factors.
LITERATURE THAT RELATE TO THE ELIMINATION OF PROBLEMS ALREADY SOLVED BY OTHER RESEARCHERS
The government faced numerous challenges in the form of poverty, unemployment, a shrinking economy and a lack of job-related skills. Structural unemployment, which is due to a lack of job opportunities, must be distinguished from unemployment due to the incomplete transition of individuals from one educational environment to another. Change must be aimed at several systems, and development must take place at a regional level and be linked to development in the larger context.
CONCLUSION
This chapter outlines the strategies the researcher used and the steps followed to gather information for the study that is accurate and interpretable. The questionnaire guided the research in an attempt to get answers to the research problems in order to fulfill the objectives of the study. The sample and sampling method will show how the representative sample was obtained during the study.
AREA OF RESEARCH
5 Zululand Local Municipal Areas 2006
5 Local Municipalities
RESEARCH DESIGN
Mouton and Marais (as cited in Terre Blanche and Durrheim, 2004:33) state that the purpose of a research design is to plan and structure a given research project in such a way that the ultimate validity of the research findings is maximized. When deciding whether to use a qualitative or quantitative research, the researcher first took certain factors into account. The quality of any research area depends not so much on whether the study is qualitative or quantitative, but rather on the quality of its design and how well it is carried out.
CHOOSING A RESEARCH DESIGN
Many researchers would argue that using multiple methods and techniques is actually one of the best ways to improve research quality. De Vos (1998:23) states that the concept of triangulation is sometimes used to define a conscious combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Denzin as cited by De Vos (1998:23) referred to the use of multiple methods of data collection with the aim of increasing the reliability of observation, and not specifically to the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches.
RESEARCH DESIGN
They also strive to maintain objectivity in their data analysis by performing pre-defined statistical procedures and using Then they try to support their theory by drawing and then testing the conclusions that follow logically from it. The methodology to be used for a particular research problem must always take into account the nature of the data to be collected in solving the problem (Leedy & Ormrod 2005:93).
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING METHODS
- IDENTIFYING A SUFFICIENT SAMPLE SIZE
The purpose of sampling is to select a sample that will be representative of the entire population for which the researcher intends to draw conclusions. Brynard and Hanekom (1997:18) argue that sample size depends not only on the size of the population but also on its heterogeneity: the larger. If the calculated sample size exceeds 5 percent of the population, the sample size can be reduced without sacrificing accuracy.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The greater the distribution or variances within the population, the larger the sample must be to ensure the accuracy of the estimate. The greater the number of subgroups of interest within a sample, the larger the sample size should be, as each subgroup must meet the minimum sample size requirements; and. One is that there is as much similarity between elements in a population as some of these elements.
PILOT STUDY
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
OBSERVATION IN THE FIELD
Projects were distributed throughout the area of the Zululand District Municipality, which is mostly rural and consists of five local municipalities. The Ministry of Transport and Zululand District Municipality management and officials were very helpful.
CONCLUSION
The majority of respondents (37%) were in the 26-35 age group as indicated in Figure 4.3. From Table 4.2, the number of young people in total is 58% when looking at the cumulative percentage of respondents across the two youngest categories. The sustainability of youth participation in the extended public works program will be analyzed in the following findings.
MARITAL STATUS COMPARISON Valid
The three local municipalities in Figure 4.4 show the most respondents for the age group between 26 and 35 years: the age group between 56 and 65 years was the lowest in all five local municipalities. The high unemployment rate in Zululand District Municipality (53.2%), as shown in Figure 4.6, places a heavy burden on the parents of these children. This trend of short-term employment as shown in Figure 4.14 was found in all five local municipalities, aBaqulusi, Nongoma, uLundi, uPhongolo and eDumbe.
The unemployment rate for the Zululand District Municipality as shown in the previous figure 4.6 is 53.2%. This is in accordance with the findings in Figure 4.28 where only 40.52% of the training was accredited.
- CONCLUSIONS
- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
- FURTHER RESEARCH
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
- ETHICAL CLEARANCE
- QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTIONNAIRE
- Gender
- Marital status
- Do you have children?
- Where do you stay municipality?
- Employment
- If not working how many years not working?
- If yes: How long
- Wage paid per day in Rand
- Did you receive skills training ?
- If yes, was it accredited?
- Length of training
- Did skills obtained help you find permanent employment?
- Is the EPWP programme a success?
The results of the study show that the expanded public works program does not have a major impact on job creation in the Zululand District Municipality. The investigation has focused more on infrastructure projects of the extended public works and not the program as a whole. Therefore, the study does not reflect the results of the expanded public works program in general because it did not include the entire province.
