Compliance with H&S rules is one of the cornerstones of achieving optimal H&S in the workplace. This low level of compliance with H&S regulations in Nigeria remains one of the major factors responsible for the challenging state of H&S in Nigeria, especially in the construction industry.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: COMPLIANCE THEORIES
Although there is considerable literature on compliance with H&S regulations in the construction industry, the contextualization of Nigeria's construction industry with respect to determinants of compliance with H&S regulations is still under investigation. It examines issues related to compliance with H&S regulations in the wider African construction firms and then relates these to the Nigerian construction industry.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPLIANCE: H&S IN AFRICA (NIGERIA) 1 Beliefs
H&S officials (Federal Ministry of Labor and Productivity 2010 in Idubor & Oisamoje, 2013); trained safety officers (Okeola, 2009) all enable non-compliance with H&S regulations in Nigeria. This is because the above can also determine compliance with the H&S regulations.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
It thus suggests that construction workers' compliance with health and safety regulations is determined by a national cultural dimension. This can then determine the organisation's perception and attitude towards H&S.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This study was also able to uncover and examine key issues for compliance with H&S regulations in the Nigerian construction industry. Okeola (2009), Smallwood and Haupt (2007); Windapo (2013) showed that moral values influence compliance with H&S regulations in the Nigerian construction industry.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The influence of the customer on compliance with H&S regulations also seems to be overlooked in the Nigerian construction industry as revealed in this study. It should also be noted that the informal sector contributes to about 70% of construction activities in Nigeria (Tanko . & Anigbogu, 2012), which means that the informal sector can be a major contributor to the high level of accidents in the construction industry.
An assessment of the factors preventing designers from considering health and safety regulations in their design. A study of the causes and consequences of contractor non-compliance with health and safety regulations in the South African construction industry. The relationship between the level of risk, costs and the level of compliance with occupational health and safety regulations in the construction industry.
INTRODUCTION
To identify the current state of knowledge in construction management and economic research. In addition to calling for a paradigm shift in current research activities, the concept of sustainability, which has become a dominant policy in the developed world, needs to be enshrined. In other words, there is a need to really examine the extent to which current policies and activities related to sustainability in the construction sector are integrated into the planning and development of the built environment in Nigeria.
BACKGROUND OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH IN NIGERIA
METHODOLOGY
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 1 Topics under investigation
Therefore, there is a need to develop the capacity of researchers in the built environment in order to increase their impact on economic growth. However, the consistency with the results of the study by Laryea and Leiringer (2012) highlights the trends in Nigeria's built environment research. Although the research of Laryea and Leiringer (2012) did not recommend the need for a paradigm shift in built environment research.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DELAY – MEASURES OF MINIMISING DELAYS
In some cases, for the contractor, delay means higher overhead costs due to longer work period, higher material costs due to inflation, and due to labor cost increases. Theodore (2009) classifies delays into two, those caused by the client and those caused by the contractor. Delays caused by the client, such as late submission of drawings and specifications, frequent change orders and incorrect website information generate claims from both the main contractors and subcontractors which often lead to long court battles with huge financial consequences (Theodore, 2009).
RESEARCH METHOD
The mean item score (MIS) was calculated for each item as follows as in Equation 1.0;. After mathematical calculations, the criteria are then ranked in descending order of their average item score (from highest to lowest).
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
However, methods for evaluating the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects are not covered in the literature. This article aimed to assess professionals' perceptions of the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The research shows that the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects in Nigeria is between moderate and high performance.
THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AGENDA 21 FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
EXISTING APPROACHES FOR PROJECT EVALUATION
Environmental impact assessment is an important tool that provides decision-makers with quantitative and qualitative information and value judgments about the environment and thus a better understanding of the consequences of their actions (Brookes and Pollard, 2001). The three stages of EIA include review, scoping and consideration of alternatives. Consideration of alternative solutions for improvements should be an essential element of the EIA process and has been described as "the heart of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) in the US".
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT
Various steps are involved, including the identification of the entities to be evaluated (eg alternatives) and then the identification and structuring of environmental characteristics (eg noise level) to be measured. Branch et al. 1984; Burdge 1994; Interorganizational Committee, 1994), are generally considered to be basic elements, summarized as ten steps (Interorganizational Committee, 1994). Ugwu and Haupt (2007) in their study emphasize the need for developing countries to be able to assess the sustainability performance of their infrastructure project using economic, social and environmental matrix.
CURRENT INTEGRATED SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK
Emphasis on sustainable development is placed in the balance along with the project performance of social, economic and environmental sustainability (Shen et al. 2007; Ibrahim and Price, 2005). Although these methods can help to assess the performance of construction projects in various dimensions such as social, economic and environmental aspects, the typical weakness in these applications is that the method is often used in isolation. Emphasis on sustainable development is placed in the balance along with the project performance of social development, economic development and environmental sustainability.
RESEARCH METHOD
The table shows the weighted mean (W.M), standard deviation (S.D), rank order (R) and the performance of the factors. The table shows that the weighted mean of the respondents' perception of the degree of sustainability performance of infrastructure projects is between 3.86 and 2.85. Promotion of public awareness of the project's demolition and the possible consequences for the public.
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Moderate Residual Value Valuable scraps such as steel, bricks, timber, glass, equipment for recycling and. Provision of land after completion of demolition to allow new project in accordance with local community requirements. Moderate Operational Safety The presence of safety risks to workers and the public during project demolition.
DISCUSSIONS
This assessment, which is generally applied to infrastructure projects, can help project clients, decision makers evaluate the overall sustainability performance of infrastructure and diagnose the performance of key factors. Within the economic dimension, they include 'the setting up of the project, i.e. following the standard dimension in the project specifications. It can be seen from this that the implementation of infrastructure projects takes into account the protection of the environment with an appropriate water assessment.
CONCLUSION
The identification of factors that positively affect the sustainability performance of infrastructure projects, although important for several reasons, is equally important the factors that have a negative impact on infrastructure sustainability performance. The Nigerian construction industry should propose principles for policy formulation to improve the sustainability of infrastructure projects. The approach presented in this research will enable professionals, decision makers to analyze and evaluate in a holistic way factors influencing sustainability performance.
1993) "The contribution of infrastructure to economic development: a review of experience and policy implications", World Bank Discussion Papers, available at http//www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet. Oladapo, A.A (2006) the impact of ICT on professional practice in the Nigerian construction industry.The Electronic Journal on Infromation Systems in Developing Countries.Vol 24(2) 1-19. Spain) and a developing country (Colombia). http://www.lcm2011.org/papers.html?..Sustainability_assessment_within_t.. 1999) “The cost-benefit analysis of a low-income settlement in a mangrove and wetland forest reserve.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The state of the construction industry in Ghana is not much different from other developing countries. Therefore, it may be necessary to look at the environmental impact of construction activities from a cradle-to-grave perspective (Ofori et al., 2000). The construction industry is one of the largest users of renewable and non-renewable natural resources (Spence & Mulligan, 1995; Curwell & Cooper, 1998; Uher, 1999).
RESEARCH APPROACH
In the first phase, thirty-three (33) impacts of construction activities on the environment were identified. In the second phase, a questionnaire was created that included 33 impacts of construction activities on the environment identified in the reviewed literature. The respondents were then asked to mark the relative importance of each of the impacts of construction activities on the environment with a tick in the column.
RESULTS
The interview data were analyzed using conceptual content analysis which considers the appearance of a concept or the number of times (frequency) that a particular concept appears in a text. Bordens and Abbott (2008) noted that content analysis is a useful technique to help understand behavior by adopting a purely descriptive approach.
DISCUSSION
Within this group, architects ranked noise and vibration generation as the most important environmental impact of construction activities. Within this group, architects and constructors ranked ordinary waste as the most important environmental impact of construction activities. Within this group, architects and quantitative surveyors agreed that the most important environmental impact of construction activities was the outbreak of fire.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Environmental impacts of building construction”, in Proceedings of First International Conference: Building and the Environment, BRE, Watford, UK, May. ISO 14000: its relevance to the Singapore construction industry and its potential as the next industry milestone', in Construction Management and Economics, Vol. Systematic evaluation and assessment of the environmental performance of buildings (SEABEP)”, in Proceedings of Second International Conference, Building and the Environment, June, Paris, p. 1992), Construction and environment: a management matrix.
