The challenges facing the Durban International Convention Center and also the factors that have an impact on the local economic development process would be addressed. A study also addresses the issue of how other cities have applied local economic development and how they have achieved it.
Objectives SECTIONF
7.21.1.14 Policy
INTRODUCTION
In the city of Durban, underdeveloped areas nearby and other smaller cities and towns feel marginalized. Local economic development can also involve redistributing assets, changing attitudes, promoting entrepreneurship and reorganizing the relationship between the formal and informal sectors (Urban Sector Network 1998:1).
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Therefore, the objectives of local government should be: to ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner; promote social and economic development; encourage the involvement of communities and community organizations in matters of local government.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
There should be a variety of options that can deal with these problems, given the fact that such problems have been defined in which local government operates in Metropolitan areas without the institution of metropolitan governance. In addition, there must be policies, mechanisms, strategies and initiatives for a healthy local economic development, these problems will be addressed as this research study progresses.
MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVES
How does the International Convention Center contribute to local economic development of the Durban Metropolitan Area. What is the local economic development strategy of the Durban Metropolitan Council and how successful is it.
RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHODS
What is the local economic development strategy of the Durban Metropolitan Council and how successful is it. officials of the Durban Metropolitan Council were carried out. The questionnaires were administered to four different groups of staff, namely International Convention Centre, Department of Economic Development, Durban Metropolitan Council.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study also shows how the transformation of the city has progressed so far (such a transformation contributes to the achievement of local economic development). The study also shows whether or not local economic development has a future in Durban.
CHAPTER SEQUENCE
The use of an innovative approach, which merges the Cloete and Public Management models and a model for local economic development and local government is discussed. In chapter eight, a detailed presentation and analysis of results in relation to local economic development is provided.
THE SCOPE AND THE LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
- LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
- DEVELOPMENTAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- A CITY
- A METROPOLITAN CITY
- MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
- METROPOLIS AND METROPOLITAN AREA
On the other hand, Vosloo, Kotze and Jeppe (1974:10) state the fact that the municipality is generally used to refer to a decentralized representative institution with delegated powers that it is responsible for exercising within a defined geographical area in the state. In most cases, the government is almost completely decentralized - that each city, village or other community in the metropolitan area has its own government.
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SPHERES OF GOVERNMENT
- POLITICAL SYSTEM
- DEFINITION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION APPROACHES
- INNOVATIVE APPROACH
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT
These include local officials' perceptions of the nature of economic problems;. According to Schwell (1991:2), the public management model emphasizes the importance of the environment for the theory and practice of public management.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT
- THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENT
- THE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT
- LAWS
In a very real sense, these values provide the basis for the norms that should govern the actions of public sector resource managers (Schwella et. al. 1996: 15). In this way, citizens have protection against arbitrary, unconstitutional actions of the state authority and public officials (Schwella et. al. 1996:15).
NORMATIVE FACTORS THAT IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
- DEMOCRACY
- THE RULE OF LAW
- RESPONSE TO PUBLIC DEMANDS
- CULTURE AND VALUE SYSTEM
- ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROGRAMME EFFECTIVENESS
Representativeness indicates that in a democratic form of government, the wishes of the people are reflected in the decisions made in their name. These cultural beliefs and value systems in communities play a vital role in people's daily lives.
THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE
DEMOCRATIC DURBAN METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
In the DMA, Durban Metropolitan Council is responsible for urban planning and development in terms of (Local Government Transition Act 209 of 1993). The Durban Metropolitan Council provides municipal level services for its area (http: www.durbanmetro.ac.za.).
OBJECTIVES, POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF MUNICIPALITIES
- OBJECTIVES
- POWERS
- FUNCTIONS OF MUNICIPALITIES
The constitutional recognition that a municipality's own financial and administrative capacity can hinder the achievement of the objectives is very meaningful. A new municipal system must build on the strengths of the current system.
DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
They purchase goods and services and pay salaries, thus contributing to the flow of money in the local economy. Municipalities must therefore have a clear vision for the local economy and work in partnership with local businesses to maximize job creation and investment.
POWER RELATIONS IN DURBAN
Most importantly, the tasks of local government are extended to poverty eradication and local economic development. Integrated development planning embodies the main purpose of local government and guides all aspects of revenue collection and service delivery activities, interaction with citizens and institutional organization (Parnell & Pieterse 1998: 14).
URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY DEBATES OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POWERS
These questions are articulated to each other under the banner of creating an 'enabling environment' for urban development in southern cities. Development Local government in South Africa is thus born of the consensus and the conflict that is evident in international development thinking.
TOOLS TO ASSIST MANAGEMENT
Before examining these issues in the South African context, it is worth recalling that international development debates are mediated by local specificities, particularly the spatial and institutional legacies of apartheid segregation (Pamel & Pieterse, 1998:9).
RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (RDP)
According to the Basic Guide to the RDP (1994:7; The RDP-The First Year Reviewed (1995: 1) provides a list of important facts showing that almost half of the population does not have basic things such as jobs, houses and medical care This was mainly because public authorities were not geared to spend money according to RDP principles (Steward 1997:12).
GROWTH EMPLOYMENT AND REDISTRIBUTION (GEAR)
In addition, many knowledgeable, senior treasury officials have left local government in large numbers, leaving a void that cannot be easily filled. The role of local government in the implementation of RDP will be discussed in chapter three of this study.
SUMMARY
It is useful to outline the history of South Africa's local economic development and public management system in order to contextualize the role of local government in addressing local economic development. For the mover has all the enmity of all who would profit by the preservation of the old institutions, and only lukewarm advocates in those who would gain by the new.
INTRODUCTION
Durban Metropolitan Council, as part of the local government structure, has a proactive role to play in shaping the city into a well-established, non-racial, crime-free democratic city. At the same time it is the responsibility of local government to ensure that resources are distributed equitably within the Durban community.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
The previous apartheid government was solely responsible for stalling the country's economy. This future is urban and is driven by South Africa's largest and most productive cities.
LOCAL GOVERNANCE
For these obstacles to be removed, there is a need to make a choice: are cities going to be overwhelmed by the growing but still largely unmet needs of a growing urban population, or are South Africans going to accept the inevitable process of growth and urbanization to manage it productively and for the benefit of all South Africans. Quite correctly, most observers are concerned about the economy's ability to support the rising demands for services and benefits that a new political system will bring in its wake.
THE NEED FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
In addition to these 'traditional roles' of service provision and regulation, the constitution defines one of the aims of local government as promoting social and economic development (LED handbook series. 34; local government is committed to working with citizens and groups within communities to find sustainable ways to meet their social needs , economic and material needs and improves the quality of his life.
INTERNATIONAL TRENDS THAT IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT
It is not only the poorer parts of the globe where resistance to accelerated globalization lurks. Strong local governments can allow local communities to access the benefits of globalization by harnessing the best elements of the phenomenon.
DEVELOPMENTAL ROLE FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
This growth should give people the opportunity to feel the heartbeat of the continent's renaissance as it is happening in some communities that now have clean water, electricity and even sewage. Institutional arrangements at the program level can be structured in a way that complements the resources and capacity of the municipality.
DURBAN METROPOLITAN AREA AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Local government in the DMA has had a major impact on the development of the local economy through the exercise of a wide range of functions. Employer and consumer - Local government played a major role as employers and consumers in the DMA.
SERVICE DELIVERY
It is also important to note that the government will continue to prioritize the issue of job creation, but this is debatable. The government will expedite the completion of the Skills and Service Audits currently underway, which focus on management and mobilizing more resources for service delivery to the population (Sowetan, July 2, 1999).
PRINCIPLES OF SERVICE DELIVERY
Special programs will also be introduced to speed up the improvement of the quality of life of various sections of our populations. Setting rates that balance the economic viability of continued service delivery and the ability of the poor to access services;.
CRITICAL VIEWS ON SERVICE DELIVERY
The statement must therefore be an understanding of the industry or sector involved. One of the requirements of this policy is to create employment for the marginalized poor.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION
LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESTRUCTURING IN SOUTH AFRICA
In the pre-interim period there was considerable role confusion regarding housing responsibility at the local level. One of the main reasons why the restructuring of local government lagged behind the institutional transformation underway in this country was the relatively distracted attitude of the central government, which viewed the transformation of the first and second layers as the necessary starting point for shaping a new, non-racial and democratic order.
CHALLENGES FACING DURBAN
Investment in upgrading the skills base in Durban therefore includes both the elimination of illiteracy and a reversal in the trend of skills 'leaking' out of the city (Durban At The Crossroads 2000:7). The quality of services provided in Durban is believed to be of a higher standard than the services provided in the rest of South Africa.
LOCAL ECONOMY 1N RELATION TO NATIONAL ECONOMY
Both national and international economies must have a strategy to deal with the problems that directly affect them. As a solution to this, it should be placed in the context of national and international market trends.
DURBAN FUNCTIONAL REGION DEVELOPMENT FORUM CDFR-DF)
Part of the DFR-DF's success was the lack of a particularly local power base. Unlike the civil organizations associated with the anti-apartheid struggle, the DFR-DF was a constitutionally structured organization with defined functions.
DEMOCRATIC LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A DEVELOPMENT ROLE
The independent, non-statutory role of the DFR-DF and its intermediary role as a metro-wide development facilitator was offset by its lack of secure financing and bureaucratic support. among others) promoting and marketing the DMA to investors and facilitating the development of major projects. A process of restructuring the Local Councils and the Metro Council has been underway since their proclamation in June 1996.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ROLE INITIATIVES
Local government may choose to establish municipal LED units or departments to develop and promote LED. As a facilitator, the local government plays the role of creating and improving the environment of an area.
CHALLENGES FACING LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Local government must continually strive for equitable service delivery, recognizing that factors such as light budgets, modern growth, changing demographics, and political frustrations tend to dilute the concept of equity. There are also some challenges that local government must implement to establish a meaningful relationship with civil society and its representatives.
FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
CONCLUSION
Macroeconomic thinkers and policy makers in government, business and trade unions need to start taking very seriously the 'where' of production and trade. Big cities should understand their importance and make concerted efforts to convince national players about the importance of big cities in national economic development.
INTRODUCTION
It is also about the general policy areas in which public sector intervention in economic development activities takes place, in particular whether these activities are more directly linked to generating growth or to generating benefits for economically disadvantaged residents.
THE ANALYSIS OF THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- The common corporate centre approach
- The Alternative Approach
- The Performance Approach
Neighborhood organizations have objected to the concentration of public sector economic development activities in central areas (Haider 1986), and planners and researchers have suggested that greater public accountability would provide a more balanced distribution of economic development costs and benefits (Krumholz 1982; McGrath 1982; Mier 1984). A significant feature of the alternative economic development policy approach is the way in which public sector interventions are pursued.
