I solemnly declare that this research project is my original work and that the views of experts in my research have been acknowledged by proper reference. Five orphans from an informal settlement orphanage in Inanda and five from a secondary school in the same area were interviewed. Because the interviews were conducted in the children's first language, translation into English was necessary.
For example, it was clear that several children preferred living in an orphanage rather than being with relatives, who in some cases had offered to take them in. The researcher's assumption was that family would always be the better option. Poverty and crime in the informal settlements studied appear to place an additional burden on children who are already traumatized by death and forced relocation.
Academic achievement often redeems a life that is weak and painful because it creates the possibility of something better in the future. Mnyandu, former Postdoctoral Coordinator of the School of Educational Studies, for his assistance in completing this study.
CHAPTERl
ORIENTATION
- INTRODUCTION
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIMS OF STUDY The study aims to
- DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS 1. Orphan
- Orphanage
- Coping strategies
- Foster care
- ETIDCAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN
- QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- TRANSLATION AND TRANSCRIPTION
- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
- THE CHAPTERS
This situation is becoming socially alarming due to the number of orphans being created, not only in South Africa but internationally. Orphaned children are particularly vulnerable, so special attention was paid to obtaining the informed consent of the guardians (head of the foster families) and the director of the orphanage. Confidentiality was also maintained by the decision to assign a pseudonym to each child for study reference.
In a case study, the number of subjects is limited, therefore any aspect of the person's behavior could be easily focused on (Mwamwenda: 1995). More will be said about the actual method chosen in Chapter Two. foster families) and the head of the orphanage. In a case study, the number of subjects is limited, therefore any aspect of the person's behavior could be easily focused on (Mwamwenda: 1995).
Semi-structured interviews and diaries were chosen to record the stories of orphaned children. The second chapter is a description of the methodological choices that guide the process and methods of the study.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
- DEFINITIONS
- THE SUPPORTIVE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ORPHANS
- SOCIAL SUPPORT
- THE COMMUNITY
- THE FAMILY
- SCHOOL
- BEREA VEMENT AND ADAPTATION
- MOTIVATION FOR SUCCESS AND FAILURE
- Learned Helplessness
- LITERATURE FOR METHODOLOGY
- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Every child reacts differently (Wong & Duffy, 2000; Jaffe, 1998), and this is something that is particularly evident in the reactions of the children interviewed. The essential nature of the attributional relationship is about the child's seeking and providing the attachment figure with feelings of security, reassuring protection, comfort, and help (Pillemer & McCartney, 1991). It proved useful in understanding how children perceived and understood the supportive and psychological environments provided to them.
The circumstances are not only related to the country's previous system of governance (ie the apartheid regime), but are also socio-economic in nature. Only a few of the children interviewed felt that they had that kind of environment in their new home. According to Mwamwenda (1995), motivation can be seen as "a situational and temporal state that depends on the nature of the environment for stimulation".
Also, the stages of grief established in some children were evident through the use of grief theory. 34; De-constructivism", that is, looking for gaps and silences, was evident in some of them.
RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
- INTRODUCTION
- SAMPLE SELECTION
- DATA COLLECTION: RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS
- INTERVIEWS
- SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
- TAPE RECORDER
- DIARIES
- TRANSCRIPTIONS
- TRANSLATION
- CODING
- ETIDCAL ISSUES
- THE CHILDREN'S VOICES
- INTRODUCTION
- THE ORPHANS SPEAK OF LOSS, TRUST AND MOTIVATION
- THE THEME OF LOSS
- THE THEME OF TRUST
- THE THEME OF MOTIVATION
The purpose of the research and how it would be carried out were discussed in advance. Confidentiality and privacy were discussed to assure them that even if the conversation was tape-recorded, it was only for the purpose of the study. The rights of the child were taken into account in the sense that their feelings were taken into account and taken into account.
It is clear that circumstances forced them to live in the orphanage. There was a complete and sudden change in family environment and identity for all children. There was a complete and sudden change in family environment and identity for all children.
When most orphans were asked about their parents, they talked about their mothers. For the children who had not been part of the last days or moments of their mother's life, they fervently wished they had been. The children living in the orphanage didn't seem to have much difficulty talking about the death and loss of their parents.
There is a support system in the institution, and many of the children have similar experiences with death. If the family breaks up, it is a very painful experience for all members of the family. Most of the children emphasized that they are the oldest in the family and also that they are responsible for their brothers and sisters, now and in the future.
Griessel (1990:60) argues that trust is the fundamental characteristic of the child's way of being in the world. For some of the children who have lost their loved ones, it is unlikely that they will have fully pleasant emotions. There are certain rules and practices that apply in an institution, regardless of the children who live there.
According to the children's answers, it was clear that life in the informal settlement is harsh and scary. The feelings of these children for their "grandmother" and for the future of the orphanage, prompts them to express gratitude.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- CONCLUSION
- School involvement and identifying orphans
- CONSIDERING THE IMPORTANCE OF ATTACHMENT
- The ongoing support- group training
For children living with foster families it also varied from family to family. The common disadvantage for most children was financial problems in the family and harsh treatment for some. The findings of this study showed the significant impact of lack of security on the lives of orphans.
However, from a broader perspective, it also becomes clear that if communities are not assured of fundamental rights to safety, they will not be able to grant them to the children in their care. As mentioned in the previous chapters, the school and home environments are equally important in the lives of orphans. From what the children had to say, it seems that teachers do not have the skills to treat orphans with respect and manage their often turbulent emotions.
To cope with the changes in the individual's life, he or she needs someone to draw his or her attention to the changes and encourage him or her to find solutions to the new challenges. Driven by physical and emotional changes to develop independence and self-confidence, it is not uncommon for adolescents to find themselves among adults, and this affects the children in several ways. Most of the children interviewed mainly in the orphanage seemed to have problems communicating effectively with the adult staff, something that was caused by a lack of trust after loss.
Concrete help and services must be provided, because if the children were to be formally placed with relatives and carers in the orphanage, carers would carry out their duties as parents with less stress and fewer financial problems. 34;pre-service" training will also allow them to know what is expected of them and how to handle tasks so that the children feel safe and accepted. Some caregivers are really unsure about the procedures expected of them, even when the children are formally placed.
It also seemed that children who have foster parents do not have the opportunity to express their feelings after the loss, for example, during the interview, Phila mentioned that it was the first time he spoke about the death of his mother. The orphanage in the area helps most of the children in the area, but in order to stay, it also needs to be registered to perform its tasks without major problems. The orphanage in the area helps most of the children in the area, but in order to stay, it also needs to be registered to perform its tasks without major problems.
New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. http://evds.ucalgary.ca/initu/copy/volume2/imprintable.architecture//Marc-Boutin. Holt Foundation and adoption of Korean orphans. http://www.dpg.devry.educ/~akim/scl/ho1t.html. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc. African Psychology in Historical Perspective and Related Commentary.
APPENDIX A
LETTERS REQUESTING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT RESEARCH
The school chosen at random for our purpose is the Isaissi High School, in Inanda District. As my research design requires interviews with only 5 students, my presence at the school should not be seen as a disruption to their program. University of Durban-Westville School of Educational Studies Private Bag X5400 1. Department of Education and Culture-KZN Q. I am studying for a Masters degree in Education at the University of Durban- Westville.
A letter requesting provisional permission has already been sent to the Coordinator of the Regional Education Department, Dr Edley.
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE OF DIARY
PERSONAL DETAIL
QUESTIONS IN DIARIES APPENDIX C
QUESTIONS IN DIARIES
DAILY MEMO
IF YOU FEEL LIKE IT, PLEASE DRAW ME A PICTURE ABOUT SCHOOL OR
OPTIONAL
UMA UTHANDA, NGICELA UNGIDWEBELE ISITHOMBE SESIKOLE NOMA IKHAYA LAKHO NGENDLELA OSIBONAlOLIBONA NGAYO
OKUNYE ONGAZIKHETHELA UKUKWENZA
PERSONAL DETAILS
APPENDIX D
THEMES
SUB-THEMES
CODES
THEMES AND CODES
THEMES AND CODES
APPENDIX E
SAMPLE PAGES OF TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
DATE
TIME
TRANSCRIPTION
ORPHANAGE HALL
Grade 12
The one who comes after me stays with my maternal grandmother; I stand here on this. She was sick and in the hospital, and then I came to stay here, until she passed away. BUT, there are situations you have to put up with because .••• You can't live without painful experiences anyway, eh.
What experiences do you consider to be bad or one of them if you remember. Another thing is that if an adult says or does something to me that I don't like or feel and believe is right, I stand up for myself and tell her, "No. She actually worked as a maid and it made her sick when still worked there in Montclair.
Ube esetshela abantu abesebenza kubo ukuthi uyasula. Nokho, ngale kwalezi zikhathi zokungakhululeki, ngingasho nje ukuthi yisikhathi esihle lapha ekhaya.
