This is critical because the perceptions of small-scale timber producers for SFM are scale sensitive. THE DISCUSSION OF THE SMALL-SCALE WOODWORMS' PERCEPTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL PCI&S FOR SFM IN SOUTH AFRICA 78.
Appendix 2
Background of the study
To integrate small-scale timber growers' perceptions in the development of national PCI&S for SFM;. To host discussions on the identification and integration of small-scale timber growers' perceptions of SFM;.
The organization of the thesis
Introduction
The political legitimisation of the sustainable forestry concept
The publication of the White Paper on Sustainable Forest Development in 1997 represented a commitment by the South African government to facilitate the PCI&S development process (Owen et al., 2000). This is a project called "Development of PCI&S for SFM in SA".
A sustainable forest management conceptual framework
According to Prabhu et al. 1999), principles in the context of SFM are seen as providing the primary framework for managing forests in a sustainable manner. Rather than micromanaging entities over how compliance is achieved, governments' primary role(s) in outcome-based programs include (Whitty et al., 2000):.
The relationship between criteria and indicators, and certification
These K&L should allow a local, provincial and national manager and policy maker to respond appropriately to the pressures placed on forests and implement flexible and responsive management measures (INR, 2001).
Conclusions
Small-scale timber cultivation aims to involve rural communities in forestry and promote local development. Such schemes of small-scale timber growers are considered commercially unsuccessful, Le.
Introduction
An evaluation of the sustainable forest management information base
As shown in Figure 3 (back page), the study was conducted in the communities of KwaMbonambi and Enseleni in the Zululand region of KwaZulu-Natal. The community of KwaMbonambi is located approximately 25 km northeast of Richards Bay in the Zululand area of the Kwazulu-Natal province. The community of Enseleni is located approximately 18 km northwest of Richards Bay in the Zululand area of the KwaZulu-Natal province.
Location of KwaMbonambi and Enseleni communities in the Zululand region of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.
The principles of best practice for criteria and indicators development
Such questions required an integrated methodological framework that gave the researcher the opportunity to understand the diversity of smallholder timber producers' perceptions of the research (May, 1993). The following PRA methods, namely semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and key informants, were used for their potential to facilitate the C&I development process of smallholder timber producers. Although a guide was used, the discussions were subjective based on the experiences of the small timber producers involved in the process.
The working group (see Table 3), selected by and representing the small-scale timber growers from both communities (KwaMbonambi and Enseleni), was engaged as key informants to gather their ideas and insights on SFM problem clusters.
Deductive and inductive approach
However, if such meetings are held outside of any community setting, their influence can be minimized. However, the working group for this study was chosen by community members to represent their interests on SFM issues and consisted of vulnerable members (women) from rural communities (see Table 3); The study used small-scale timber grower schemes or program principles such as SAPPI, MONOI, NCT, WGA and TWK representatives to verify the validity of small-scale timber growers' perceptions of SFM through semi-structured interviews.
OPINIONS OF SMALL TIMBER PRODUCERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL PCI&S FOR SFM IN SOUTH AFRICA.
Introduction
Communities' leadership liaison
During the eleven-month period of engagement with small-scale timber growers to assess their perceptions on SFM issues, the researcher spent considerable time in communities with growers. In establishing a rapport with the communities, they were engaged through workshops on discussions about the origins, objectives and expected results of the study and the selection of representatives to form a working group. The working group was selected from a general population of small scale timber growers which equates to at least five hundred (500).
This may not be statistically representative, but the ultimate goal was to ensure depth of discussion was achieved in a small group, which could compromise breadth, that is, the size of the group.
Small-scale timber growers' perceptions and priorities for SFM
Smallholder timber producers' perceptions of SFM were assessed using a list of predefined clusters of questions as presented in Table 2 in Chapter 4. SMALL GROWERS. Human Impacts on Forests &Iforest~ • The issue is more important for natural forests and large.
The comments were not aimed at change, but more sympathetic to addressing the issues of small-scale timber producers in general.
Small-scale timber growers' criteria and indicators for SFM
The data of the media used and the number of applications made will have to be evaluated. Aspirational goal 7.3.1: The number of conflicts over the distribution of forestry costs should be reduced. Examining the minister's three-yearly reports on the numbers and types of institutions and qualifications should be sufficient.
An assessment of the inventory records of the Forest Industry Education and Training Office (FrETA) will need to be carried out.
Aspiration 90aI17.1.1: Each FMU has a management plan with content appropriate to the scale of the forestry operations. Aspiration 90aI17.1.2: All FMUs have a management plan suitable for the scale of the forestry operations. DISCUSSION OF THE SMALL-SCALE WOODWORMS' PERCEPTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL PCI&S FOR SFM IN SOUTH AFRICA.
Introduction
Small-scale timber growers' participation on the development of PCI&S for SFM
The participation of small-scale timber growers was also critical to facilitate greater acceptance of the criteria and indicators once implemented. In the small-scale timber growers' participation process, key problems and issues relating to participation have been recognized and where possible addressed (Scott and Oelofse 2000; Greyling 1998). With this aim in mind, issues such as building rapport, providing good conceptual information, transparency, documentation and recording of issues raised, and feedback to small-scale timber growers were addressed, based on the methodology of the study .
The target group, in this case - small wood producers through their working group, collaboration to build capacity to effectively participate in the process;.
Social issues for sustainable forest management
Such conditions are risks that small-scale timber growers must take when operating forestry plantations. However, the problems of these small-scale timber growers are addressed and reflected as indicators of criterion 2 (see section 5.6.1). Firstly, the issue of formal representation of small-scale timber growers in the forestry sector did not come as a surprise.
Small-scale timber growers' comments on equity placed emphasis on increasing the prosperity of previously disadvantaged groups.
Economic issues for sustainable forest management
In addition, capacity building issues related to participation in forest management and policy development and review are addressed by criteria 2 and 8 (see section 5.6.1) respectively. Local community, economic development and opportunity costs have already been addressed by criteria 5, 6 and 7 under social sustainability (see section 5.6.1). The issue of employment benefit is now covered by the indicators of criterion 9 (see section 5.6.2).
In addition, nutrient recycling and soil improvement issues are addressed as indicators of criteria 14 and 16 respectively, the maintenance of the forest ecosystem structure and the conservation of soil resources under environmental sustainability (see section 5.6.4), as they relate to the processes of natural resources.
Policy issues for sustainable forest management
Issues perceived as important by smallholder timber producers in relation to integrated planning included lack of communication, capacity and development facilitation and planning. To this end, small-scale timber producers have reported that such research and development improves efficiency and shortens the period of operation. Smallholder timber producers reported that conservation of natural resources has always been at the heart of rural community management practices.
Therefore, it was recommended that a management framework related to the capacity of small-scale timber growers should be investigated to facilitate the integration of SFM issues.
Conclusions
These further complicate the implementation and/or promotion of sustainable forest management by small-scale timber growers. For example, small-scale timber growers have a different understanding and attitude towards the key issues and cornerstones of SFM. This in turn should facilitate the enrollment of small-scale timber growers on the concept of SFM.
However, the challenge remains how to nurture the concept of SFM in the context of small-scale wood producers.
Recommendations
The role of small wood producers is charged with the demanding responsibility of introducing an appropriate management plan that internalizes the factors of sustainable wood management. Land tenure systems need to be rationalized to provide greater security for small-scale timber producer communities; In response, small-scale timber producers need to be provided with entrepreneurship training to take advantage of the opportunities offered by forestry.
Furthermore, small tree growers are not well organized, which makes it difficult for them to access and/or disseminate information.
The limitations of the study
It is necessary to establish a forestry administration and a management channel that will take care of their shortcomings;. Therefore, the establishment of appropriate institutional structures for representative and communication purposes was urgently needed. Although this has been purportedly successful through the FSA, the sector needs to continue to engage the issues of small-scale timber producers.
Areas of further research
Furthermore, the legal effect of the principles is defined in subsection 3(1) of the AKU: 'the principles .. must be considered and applied in a balanced manner- . a) in the exercise of any power or the performance of any duty in the sense of this law;. There should be intergovernmental coordination and harmonization of environmental policies, legislation and actions. m) Actual or potential conflicts of interest between state bodies must be resolved through conflict resolution procedures. n) Global and international responsibilities related to the environment must be carried out in the national interest. The environment is held in public trust for the people, the beneficial use of environmental resources must serve the public interest, and the environment must be protected as the common heritage of the people. p) The costs of remediation of pollution, environmental degradation and adverse health effects as a result of prevention, control or minimization of further pollution, environmental damage or negative health effects must be paid by those responsible for the environmental damage.
The essential role of women and youth in environmental management and development must be recognized and their full participation in it must be promoted. r) Sensitive, vulnerable, highly dynamic or stressed ecosystems, such as coastlines, estuaries, wetlands and similar systems require specific attention in management and planning procedures, especially where they are subject to significant human resource use and development pressure.'
MrCele, P
It was emphasized that the existence of a forest should benefit local people in numerous ways, including through job opportunities. It was found that this was left out, and small-scale timber growers needed to participate in key decision-making if change was to be effected. Due to the literacy level of small growers, it was stated that a simple plan outlining the main activities of the operation would be sufficient.
It was noted that role players such as MONOI find it difficult to promote and enforce compliance with the regulations as MONOI is known to communities to promote plantations.
