The study argues that elements of Cleaner Technology and the application of tools and strategies to practice Cleaner Technology are very useful for any industry. The cost of Cleaner Technology to companies cannot be compared to the benefits they can get from adopting Cleaner Technology.
PUBLIC POLICY FRAMEWORK
INTRODUCTION
PUBLIC POLICY
For the purposes of this study, regulatory policy will be discussed, which is largely related to government policy. According to Anderson, public policy is a relatively stable, goal-oriented course of action followed by the government in dealing with a particular problem or concern.
THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS
Indeed, out of the set of conceivable alternatives, officials consider some more seriously than others. The idea is to achieve a desirable outcome given the decision makers' limited information and values.
PUBLIC POLICY INSTRUMENTS
In the case of the opportunistic non-compliance, mode 2 enforcement is unlikely to have much effect on an opportunist (parsons, 1995:511). According to Parsons, positive sanctions include soft sanctions of the Hood approach and the use of the love and exchange categories of the Boulding approach.
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
It is also important to define the objectives of the policy so that the implementation of the policy leads to the intended result. In conclusion, Lindblom (1980) mentions the lack or inadequacy of incentives as required by the supposed policy as part of the policy implementation problem.
POLICY NETWORKS
According to Rhodes, the political network approach focuses on institutions and the connections between them. According to Rhodes, the network approach to politics is a modern version of the institutional approach that focuses on behavior within an institutional context.
CONCLUSION
Cleaner Technology is an approach to environmental management and is considered a solution or part of a solution to address environmental problems such as pollution. In this report, the history of environmental management, the origin of the concept of Cleaner Technology and the strategies to achieve it will be discussed.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
However, the consequences of the Industrial Revolution were probably the first real scientific concerns about the sustainability of natural resources. Indeed, the conditions of the Industrial Revolution led to the origins of a world population explosion that continues even today (De Steiguer, 1997:4). Events such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska's Prince William Sound and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the former Soviet Union are unfortunate reminders of some of the price paid for technological progress.
It was intended to minimize the exploitation of the natural resources and at the same time encourage good environmental management. De Steiguer (1997:1) argues that the world's inhabitants also share a wide range of environmental concerns, from the toxic effects of agricultural chemicals to the quality of the water they drink.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
FSC certification is one of the environmental management tools that can be used to determine whether or not a company is using its timber and raw materials in a way that complies with international standards (such as ISO). The FSC principles require that forest industry environmental management plans comply with all applicable laws of the country in which they occur, as well as international treaties and agreements to which the country is a signatory. The legality of the land or country where the forest plantation is located is also important.
Therefore, the FSC principles require that ownership and land use rights and responsibility are clearly known. The FSC principles also require that forest management activities encourage the efficient use of the forests' many products and services to ensure economic viability and a wide range of environmental and social benefits.
THE ORIGINS OF CLEANER TECHNOLOGY
Cleaner technology means more efficient use of the materials and energy we use in business. Cleaner technology means the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy for processes and products to reduce risks to people and the environment. Hamner also mentions that cleaner technology is an ongoing process, not a "one-time thing."
The idea of cleaner technology is mainly to achieve sustainable development and address environmental problems such as pollution and the emission of gases and leaks that are harmful to the environment. It is therefore very important to consider human behavior in relation to environmental management, sustainable development and cleaner technology.
ELEMENTS OF CLEANER TECHNOLOGY
Companies need an organizational approach to environmental management to organize the smooth identification, evaluation and implementation of Cleaner Technology opportunities. Furthermore, it is expected that these contribute to changes in the management and information systems that can support and facilitate Cleaner Technology activities (Van Berkel, 1999:4). In Cleaner Technology, the technique element can be thought of as the 'hardware' element of Cleaner Technology.
The Cleaner Technology technique consists of workers, raw materials and machines that come together in the work process. Therefore, Cleaner Technology takes into account the entire life cycle of the product and its impact on the environment.
STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE CLEANER TECHNOLOGY
The regulation of emissions, effluent and waste can best be done through the adoption of Cleaner Technology. Adopting the Cleaner Technology Principle will benefit many people in many different ways. Mondi Paper Mill will be discussed in the next section, Regarding its environmental practices and Cleaner Technology.
Technology and the strategies for introducing cleaner technology will be examined and analyzed. The research attempts to determine whether environmental management systems (EMS) exist in Mondi and whether they include cleaner technology.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Reorganizing the data into themes allowed me to compare pieces of text, see how several extracts of text differ in a theme, or identify subthemes. The sample questionnaire originally used in this study is attached in the appendix. The questionnaire was used as a guide, but many questions and answers came after the questions in the questionnaire, which I wrote down as notes to use during the analysis.
All of the above enabled access to a wide range of information and also to obtain clarity where some of the questions in the questionnaire were not satisfactorily answered. The face-to-face interviews enabled the researcher to verify the claims made in the various Mondi brochures.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
- MONDI LIMITED: BACKGROUND
- Mondi Paper Vision And Mission
- Mondi Activities
- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PRACTICES AT MONDI
- The Elements of Cleaner Technology At Mondi
According to the Mondi Paper Sustainability Report 2002, Mondi Paper has a clear vision, namely to grow into a leading supplier of paper products in South Africa and the world. Pott (2002) explained that Mondi Forests produces trees and supplies them as raw material to Mondi's own mills, such as the Mondi Paper Mill in Durban. There are also investments in upgrading and expanding the Mondi paper mill, to improve capacity and quality, as well as to add value to the product range.
Papirnica Mondi has an environmental legal register, which contains all legislation and by-laws that apply to the company. In response to the questionnaire, Gafoor and Ninela (2002) asserted that Mondi paper mill operates in accordance with government rules and regulations including local regulations.
DISCUSSION OF THE RESEARCH FINDINGS
Pott (2002) also argues that partnerships are very beneficial to all stakeholders in the partnership. Mondi has Social Development Facilitators who interact with rural communities to understand what their needs are. In an interview with Pott (2002), he also explained that Mondi has many properties that they do not use and they would like to find the best way to use or donate these to the communities.
These types of partnerships provide jobs for people and contribute to creating wealth in the local community. The projects not only create jobs for people, but also provide income for the contractors, and people acquire skills so that they can be employable in the future (Ninela, 2003).
CONCLUSION OF THE RESEARCH FINDINGS
Part IIA and Part IIB respectively dealt with the background of environmentalism and Cleaner Technology, with specific reference to Mondi. In this section I will also look at the ways in which Cleaner Technology can be promoted and finally the efficiency and profitability of Cleaner Technology. The enforcement of Cleaner Technology can be a signal to companies that there is a need to produce cleanly.
Adopting cleaner technology may require some means of technology transfer, and we will discuss these. Therefore, the tools for successful adoption of cleaner technology will be discussed along with the benefits of cleaner technology.
INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The study determined that one of the forces behind the adoption of cleaner technology has been customer demand. This is a significant factor contributing to the company's decision to adopt Cleaner Technology. The National Minister for Trade and Industry (DTI), Alec Erwin, signed the agreement for the launch of the NCPC in the presence of representatives of its donors, the Swiss and Austrian governments.
According to Moore (2001), the public must change the way it views nature and the environment. Moore (2001) argues that the public tends to judge the health of the environment with the same eyes they use to judge the aesthetics of the land.
CLEANER TECHNOLOGY AS A POLICY OPTION
Policy networks can support Cleaner Technology as information is brought together and shared by different members of the network. Finally, Cleaner Technology steps include planning through policy depending on the organization's vision and mission. Cleaner Technology is an attempt to consider some economic and technical improvements that can reduce the impact on the environment of important production processes.
Industries have been reluctant to adopt cleaner technology due to fear of the high costs involved in changing traditional manufacturing processes to cleaner technology. Since Mondi is already busy in the waste recycling campaign, other companies can also adopt Cleaner Technology and get involved in conserving our natural resources.
THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON CLEANER TECHNOLOGY
The government may also want to reward companies like Mondi that have already adopted cleaner technology. If cleaner technology can be legislated, companies will be forced to comply with the law, as opposed to the current situation where the adoption of cleaner technology is voluntary. The cleaner technology is not yet established, so the companies that adopt it do so on their own accord.
Conclusion: cleaner technology is a continuous process, it is a continuous evaluation and improvement of processes that reduces the generation of waste while improving the quality of products. For this reason, the South African government needs to recognize those companies that know cleaner technology.
