Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between adolescent alcohol use and demographic variables. The evidence demonstrated a basic understanding of the processes by which parents influence adolescent alcohol use behavior.
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Background to the study
- Rationale of the study
- Statement of the problem
- Objectives of the study
- Definition of terms
- Summary
The aim of the study was to investigate a relationship between parenting practices related to alcohol use (as perceived by adolescents aged 16-18) and adolescent alcohol use behavior in public secondary schools in Emawaleni District, KwaZulu-Natal . Persons responsible for the well-being of the adolescent in the absence of the father and/or mother.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Adolescents' perceptions of parenting practices in a global and South African context
- Introduction
- Adolescent alcohol use
- Parental styles
- Parental practices
- Socio-demographic factors influencing parental practices and styles
- Peer influence
- Theoretical framework
- Conclusion
Jackson et al., (1997) and Clark et al., (2004) have shown a strong relationship between the quality of parenting and the development of relatively high levels of self-esteem and adequate levels of self-efficacy in adolescents. Mothers who have more than one child living at home have been found to be more disciplinarian (Fox et al., 1995).
METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Study design
- Study setting and population
- Measurement instrument
- Pilot study
- Measurements and scales
- Data collection
- Data Analysis
- Consent, ethics, institutional review boards, permissions and financial considerations
Before the study was conducted, the researcher informed all students about the nature of the study. The statistical analyzes were outlined and concluded with considerations from the relevant ethics board as applied to the study.
RESULTS
- Introduction
- Socio-demographic profile of the adolescents
- Adolescent Alcohol Use
- Adolescent drug use
- Parental Influences on Adolescent Alcohol Use
- Peer influence on adolescent alcohol use
- Determinants of adolescent alcohol use
- Conclusion
Adolescents report that 26.7% of mothers/guardians and 22.6% of fathers/guardians are aware of their alcohol consumption (Table 15). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between the frequency of alcohol consumption and parents' awareness of the time of the adolescent's arrival home (r = 0.157). The t-test results indicated that peer influence on adolescent alcohol use was significant, with 54% reporting alcohol use if their peers consumed alcohol.
The final models (Tables 21, 22 and 23) present all factors that are important in determining alcohol use among adolescents. The study found that alcohol use among adolescents is related to parent-approved alcohol use among adolescents. Age, race and religiosity are important socio-demographic determinants of alcohol use in the final model.
DISCUSSION 5.1 Introduction
- Socio-demographic profile of the adolescents
- Adolescent alcohol use
- Adolescent drug use
- Parental Influences on Adolescent Alcohol Use
- Peer Influence on Adolescent Alcohol Use
- Study limitations
In neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status, adolescent alcohol use increased despite increased parental supervision Chuang et al., 2005. Peer influence on adolescent alcohol use is strong when parent-adolescent relationships are of poorer quality (Haynes et al. , 2004). Haynes et al., (2004) argue that not allowing adolescents to drink alcohol at home has a protective effect on lowering the age at which they start using alcohol.
A significant positive correlation was found between parents' influences in terms of monitoring and alcohol consumption in young people. A negative correlation was found between the frequency of alcohol consumption and less stringent weekend curfews. In the final model of the study, monitoring was reported not to be a determinant of adolescent alcohol use.
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Introduction
Recommendations
Counselors and peer support are also needed to combat alcohol use through peer-based interventions. Such organizations can be useful in advocating for stricter policy-making and management regarding adolescent substance use. The South African Youth Risk Behavior Survey should also play an important role in raising awareness of substance use by our teenagers by making it public knowledge.
More sensitive measuring instruments and accurate data over a longer period of time on the occurrence of substance use among young people are needed and the Department of Health and Education should be proactive in this regard. This would serve as an excellent basis for reducing the prevalence of adolescent substance use. Such treatment programs need a holistic approach which should include support from both the adolescent's families and communities.
Conclusion
This effort should not only help parents identify and adopt promising child management techniques, but should motivate the attributes of monitoring, rule-setting, interactive communication skills, and stimulate a broader social context that it allows parents to have time to develop positive family relationships. Parents should be encouraged to delay the age at which their children begin to use alcohol and be provided with guidance on how to counter social pressures, especially from peers. If parental alcohol use is associated with adolescent use, then parental recovery from alcoholism or cessation of alcohol-related problems should reflect a reduction in family stress and a change in children's expectations and alcohol-related behaviors .
Multifaceted strategies are needed to reduce the tolerance of alcohol consumption in society at large and to improve public awareness of the risks associated with alcohol consumption. Conventional research approaches to these questions, such as surveys, will need to be supplemented by more studies on protective determinants of substance use and further qualitative studies to gain a better understanding of adolescent substance use with a particular focus on the role of the media in this. regarding. Next steps should go beyond schools and develop multi-agency and community-based problem-solving strategies, such as focusing on parents of adolescents and their relationships with children.
Long-term follow-up results of a randomized substance abuse prevention trial, Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. Relationship of parental alcoholism to early adolescent substance use: Mediating mechanisms, Journal of Abnormal Psychplogy, vol. 1997. The early use of alcohol and tobacco: Its relation to children's competence and parents' behavior.
Reconfirming the power of parental influence on adolescent smoking and drinking decisions, Adolescent & Family Health, vol.
APPENDIX A
APPROVAL OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL,
ACCEPTANCE LETTER FROM THE POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION COMMITTEE, NELSON R MANDELA
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE,
UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL
APPENDIXB
ACCEPTANCE LETTER FROM THE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ETHICS ADMINISTRATION,
NELSON R MANDELA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL
PROVISIONAL APPROVAL
Deal: Perceived parental practices related to alcohol use in 16-18-year-old scents in public secondary schools in Emawaleni District, KwaZulu-Natal. Ref.: H126/06. The iomedical Research Ethics Committee considered the above application and :01 was approved at its meeting on 07 November 2006 pending an appropriate response. Which of the following documents is recognized: .. sion from the Department of Education and School Leaders.
To ensure ongoing approval, an application for recertification must be submitted several months before the expiration date. tion, when consent is a requirement, the consent process will need to be repeated.. liese Research Ethics Committee a copy of your report once it is completed. sincerely .. licic Research Ethics Administrator R Mandela School of Medicine AL SCHOOL. from KwaZulu-Natal. PLEASE EMAIL ME A COPY OF THE FULL APPROVAL AND I WILL COME IN TO GET THE ORIGINAL. Your assistance Jired in providing me with the complete approval document to conduct the study.
APPENDIXC
PERMISSION FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TO CONDUCT RESEARCH,
ACCEPTANCE LETTER FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL,
KWAZULU-NATAL
AN ONDERINYS
3 researcher, you must submit a copy of the written consent of the Department to the: the relevant institution before any research may be undertaken at a departmental n, bearing in mind that the institution is not obliged to participate if the research a complete project is not. . DU must sign the attached statement that you are aware of the procedures and will do the same.
APPENDIXD
PERMISSION LETTERS FROM THE PRINCIPALS OF THE PILOT SCHOOL AND THE FIVE PARTICIPATING
SCHOOLS IN THE EMAWALENI EDUCATION DISTRICT, KWAZULU-NATAL
KZH DEPT. OF EDUCATION
AMANZIMTOTI HIGH
PERMISSION TO CONDUCT A RESEARCH STUDY ~ . ) should be completed and submitted to the tVedical Superintendents I Hospital ;..\anager Is for.
Details of any financial or human resource implications at KEH, including all lab tests, EEGs, X-rays, nurse utilization, etc. Details of any financial or human resource implications at KEH, including all lab tests, EEGs, X-rays, nurse utilization, etc.
STCOASTCHRISTIAH
Details of other research that you are currently carrying out yourself if you are employed by KEH (individually or as a collaborator). Details of other research that you are currently carrying out on your own if you are employed by KEH (independently or as a collaborator). Complete the attached KEH - "Research Details" form. If the document has been signed, it should be returned to Ms S. Buccas, Biomedical Research Directorate, Room 112, Old MRC Building.
Chief .vedical Superintendent In Hospital f.ilanager / Pvl VLCr. Permission is requested to conduct the above research study at the hospitall~esttOOL. nature of Chief .vedical Superintendent/Hospital Manager: .. nature of Chief tVtedical Superintendent I Hospital f.,Aanager: .. i; Chief medical officer/s Hospital managers send a copy of this document to Natalia. Information on any financial or human resource implications for KEH, including all lab tests, EEGs, x-rays, use of nurses, etc.
APPENDIXE
INFORMATION AND CONSENT LETTERS FOR PARENTS/GUARDIANS OF THE ADOLESCENT
LEARNERS
Invitation to participate: I would like to involve your child in this research and ask for your permission to do so. In the study: Your child, together with all students at school, will receive a 45-minute written questionnaire that you must complete while I am present. Your child is advised that he or she may refuse to answer questions that he or she does not feel comfortable with.
Participation is completely voluntary and your child can withdraw from the study at any time before completing the questionnaire. If you are willing to let your child participate in the study, please sign the document and return it through your child to the school teacher. If you are willing to allow your child to participate, please sign this consent document and return it as soon as possible.
APPENDIXF
INFORMATION AND CONSENT LETTER FOR ADOLESCENT LEARNERS
Study title: Perceived parenting practices in relation to alcohol use by 16-18 year olds of Emawaleni District Public Secondary Schools, KwaZulu-Natal. You have been asked to participate in a research study that will help understand why some teenagers drink alcohol and why others don't, as well as how parenting skills may be related to teenage alcohol use. You can contact Shanaz Ghuman at any time if you have questions about the search.
Mandela School of Medicine at Suraiya Baccus) if you have questions about your rights as a research participant. Your participation in this research is voluntary, confidential, and anonymous, and you will not be penalized or lose benefits if you choose or refuse to participate.
APPENDIXG
INFORMATION LETTER AND QUESTIONNAIRE FOR 16-18 YEAR OLD ADOLESCENTS WHO
PARTICIPATED IN THE STUDY
116-18 YEAR OLD ADOLESCENT QUESTIONNAIREI DEAR GRADE 11 AND 12 LEARNERS
- Who takes care of you at home?
- What is the age of your (approximate if you are not sure)
- Who do you live with at your home?
- What level of education has parents/guardians completed? (mark all levels they have completed)
- Are your parents/guardians employed or unemployed?
What level of education parents/guardians have completed. mark all levels they have completed) levels they have completed). During a 1(one) month period, how many times did you drink at least one drink of alcohol other than a few sips. How old were you when you had your first drink, other than a few sips.
On how many days in the past month did you drink at least one glass of alcohol, apart from a few sips? Do you think any of your parents/guardians would allow you to drink alcohol in their presence? Do your parents/guardians allow you to drink alcohol when you are with your friends?
The following statements are about your relationships with your friends and how you feel about yourself.
APPENDIXH
EXCERPT FROM ABSTRACT
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4 TH PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AFRICA
CONFERENCE, 2-4 JUNE, 2008
OF EMAWALENI DISTRICT, KWAZULU NATAL
