After South Africa's first non-racial democratic elections in 1994, one of the first steps towards poverty reduction was the adoption of a land reform programme. It was designed to provide people with security of tenure, as this is seen as one of the mechanisms that will help alleviate poverty and improve the quality of life of people in rural areas.
The research problem
What was the economic profile of the Onbekend community before the land redistribution project. Is tenure security the only way to alleviate poverty and improve the quality of life of the Onbekend community.
Locality
- Hypothesis
- Research methodology
- Primary sources of data
- Secondary sources of data
- Assessment of the research methodology
Whether he thinks tenure security has so far improved the lives of the Unknown rural community and what indicators they use to assess. This information was important to have as it helped the researcher determine whether land reform, through the land redistribution program, improved the quality of life of the Onbekend community.
Key concepts of the study
Security of tenure
According to Smith and Henk (2002), security of tenure is generally used to describe the quality of a tenure holder's rights. Even if people have security of tenure, it will be easier for the government to provide them with services and infrastructure.
Communal tenure
However, it is important to note that the privileges depend on the ownership arrangements. For example, communal ownership makes it difficult for individuals to use the land as collateral and sell it because it is collectively owned.
Freehold tenure
Poverty
According to Kruger and Kroner (2002), this refers to the adequate provision of a bundle of services to the people within a reasonable walking distance. According to the Zululand Regional Council Report (1996), a cost-effective method that can be used to provide services to the rural dwellers is the establishment of rural service centres.
Rural Area
Conclusion
However, for successful rural development and poverty alleviation, government policies must encourage investments in agricultural infrastructure for smallholders, lightly tax smallholders, etc. In Latin America, increased access to land has led to an increase in crop production due to redistribution . from the land to the tiller.
Different forms of ownership under land reform
Therefore, the main goal of land reform, regardless of the form of ownership, will be to help reduce poverty and improve the quality of life, although it seems that land reform by itself is not sufficient in the fight against poverty. Most land and agrarian theorists basically agree that land reform may be necessary to avoid the suffering and social instability caused by emigration and landlessness.
Evolutionary theory of land rights
According to Platteau (1996), the evolutionary theory of land rights asserts that when there is growing competition for the use of land as a result of population growth, or growth in product demand, communal ownership becomes unstable and produces harmful effects in the form of mismanagement or overexploitation of the now valuable resource. He is quoted as saying, “there is no significant relationship between the extent of informal individualization of land tenure and its use for.
The South African LRAD program
One of the expected benefits of the land reform program is that, once problems surrounding tenure issues are resolved, development in the rural areas will be accelerated. This implies that the benefits of land reform will be greater than the costs incurred.
Equity between small scale farmers and large scale farmers
The reasons for this are that small farmers do not receive the support that large farmers receive. This is because agrarian reform theorists believe that small farmers have the potential and more significant ways to contribute to poverty reduction compared to large farmers. Credit policies also naturally discriminate in favor of large landowners, who have large marketable products, and against small farmers, where the lender's risks and administrative costs are higher. Therefore, they suggest that small farmers and new farmers can be compared with their large scale As opposed to the productivity aspect, these issues need to be resolved by the government and all other stakeholders involved.
Security of tenure will enable small farmers to invest more and with greater confidence in their land than large farmers. The reason why small farmers cannot yet match the productivity of large farmers has nothing to do with technology, as some scholars have argued. Van Zyl et al point out "that small farmers rarely lag more than a few years behind their larger counterparts as they have adopted sharable technology such as fertilizers, new seeds, pesticides, and have also adopted machinery through rental arrangements and markets where economies of scale are pronounced”.
Conclusions: the relevance of the theories to this study
Land and agrarian theorists see land reform as presenting opportunities for agrarian reform in South Africa. Land and agrarian reformers also emphasize the need to bridge the gap between small and large farmers. Land and agrarian theorists also explore the advantages and disadvantages of the market-driven approach.
The importance of looking at the era before 1997 is that this period will be used as a barometer to evaluate the contribution made by the land redistribution project in improving the quality of life of the beneficiaries. It should also be noted that the findings presented in this chapter aim to answer three important questions, which are to what extent the land redistribution project has improved tenure security, contributed to poverty alleviation and improved quality of the life of the beneficiary.
The pre-1997 period
- Problems with this type of tenure arrangement
- Infrastructure and service provision
The lack of security in real estate also raised concerns about the future of families. So the inalienability of the land was a major concern for them when they lived at Baatjiesbult. However, the majority of respondents felt that the lack of formal land ownership meant that they could not diversify their livelihood strategies as they had to rely only on agriculture.
Rather, it reports the income generated by one of the two heads (husband and wife) of the household. Almost a quarter of respondents (23%) used dams and rivers as their main source of water.
History of the Onbekend land redistribution project and the community background
- Purpose of the Onbekend land redistribution project
- The role players in the Onbekend redistribution project
- Gender equality and the Onbekend institutional Structure
- Agricultural potential
- Perceptions of security
- Livelihood strategies
- Economic assessment
- Projects planned by the Association
The Department of Land Affairs (DLA) represented the interests of the government and the Association. One of the important provisions in the Association's constitution is that which regulates the withdrawal of members from the Association. To ensure that the principle of gender equality is maintained, women have been included in the executive committee of the Association.
According to the president of the association, they processed the request to the electricity service provider. According to the president of farmers Onbekend, there are quite a few projects that the association plans to implement.
Conclusions
When asked to comment on the problems they have faced so far with that kind of residency agreement, the executive said they have solved some of the issues, but the biggest problem is when they have to reach consensus on certain business decisions. However, Onbekend executives hope that things can change if they are able to get their projects off the ground. If that fails, they will have no alternative but to rely on government assistance or loans, which they have not been able to access until now.
The problem is compounded by the fact that the relationship of dependence between the white commercial farmer and the Unknown community has been broken. The next chapter of this dissertation reflects on the experiences of the Unknown community and draws lessons for future land redistribution projects.
Introduction
Lessons learnt from the Onbekend land redistribution project
- Complexity of the process and the need for capacity
- The nature of the complexity between poverty and property rights
- Security of tenure and investment incentives: puzzling evidence from Onbekend
- Bridging the gap between small and large-scale farmers: a practical or a very idealistic endeavour?
- The provision of adequate Infrastructure and services: the key to successful rural development and improved quality of life
- The prescriptive nature of South Africa's land reform policy
This may not be the case for some land redistribution projects, as shown by the findings of the land redistribution project Unknown. The absence of these two factors has prevented the Association from accessing credit. It is due to the lack of such investments that the agricultural business has not yet achieved realizability and collateral effect.
The reason this requires special attention is because it is one of the few ways the OCPA and its members can improve their lives. The inability of the Unknown Land Redistribution Project to fully utilize the economic opportunities it offers stems from many problems. stuff. This is because most land redistribution projects, such as the Unknown, appear to be narrowly defined towards agricultural production and ecotourism business ventures. This thesis assessed the contribution that the land redistribution program has made to improving the lives of the Unknown community.
The concluding remarks will help to answer the main question and to test the hypothesis underlying this study. The following recommendations are based on the concluding remarks and are not only relevant for the Onbekend land distribution project, but are experiences that can be used in future land distribution programs.
Recommendations to the state
This is influenced by the fact that, regardless of the government's market approach to the land reform programme; some elements are missing that need to be added to the land redistribution policy if positive results are to be achieved. The lack of agricultural infrastructure was found to have had a profound impact on OEPA's plans. The government should provide agricultural and non-agricultural infrastructure if the beneficiaries want to benefit from the potential presented by the project.
A key focus of the rural financial strategy is to bring commercial institutions closer to rural customers and encourage them to borrow the finance that rural residents need. The government can subsidize the borrower by paying the down payment of 10% of the total amount required to the lender, or by providing a guarantee that the loan will be paid if the associations go bankrupt.
Recommendations for the Onbekend Communal Property Association
What was the name of the farm you lived on before you moved here? What do you think are the advantages or disadvantages of the previous land tenure system? Did you have well planned and designed access to the street? (a) Yes. 18. What was the nature of the access to the street?
9.Has security of tenure helped alleviate poverty and improve the quality of life of the Onbekend community. Briefly tell us how the constitution of the Association deals with matters relating to land inheritance and inheritance.
