The Wider Sinomlando Centre Research Project
The Importance of Documenting Oral History
This chapter's exploration of the Manyano movement helps provide an outline of the role of its leaders in the context of HIV and AIDS. In the context of HIV and AIDS, Haddad's notion of survival refers to, I believe, Manyana. Overall, the discussion of the epidemic and the involvement of Manyan leaders has increased in recent times.
As a result, there are observable differences between these two time periods in the commitment of Manyano leaders to addressing the issues of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic. These people (drug dealers and people on ART) live together in the community. The findings revealed that there are observable differences between these two time periods in the commitment of Manyano leaders to tackling HIV and AIDS issues as an epidemic.
Study topic: Untold memories of HIV and AIDS among pastoral agents: The case of the Anglican Manyano leaders in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands.
The Significance of the Manyano in Documenting an Oral History of the Epidemic
Theoretical Considerations
16 The pastoral work of Manyano leaders is situated in a context of HIV and AIDS that has been influenced by the public transcription of the dominant. The period 2001–2010 in South Africa is noted for more public discourse on HIV and AIDS from the church and government.
Research Design
The first objective is to document the agency of Manyano leaders in addressing the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the period between 1990 and 2000. The second is to document the agency of Manyano leaders in addressing the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the period between 2001 and 2010. .
Structure of the Dissertation
Anglican Manyano leaders have had to lead their groups and communities in addressing HIV and AIDS issues even in poverty. This study does not attempt to document the history of mangeano in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands from 1990-2010. Finally, four out of four of the women were active in the spiritual care aspect of pastoral agency.
The comments above express how the mangeano leaders exercised their role as pastoral agents in relation to HIV and AIDS. This section has advanced the possibility of those marginalized by HIV and AIDS through subversive action in the pastoral agency of mangeano leaders. Furthermore, as stated in the previous chapter, some of the managers belong to the nursing profession.
The analysis therefore concluded that there were several factors that directly challenged counter-response in the agency of the mangeano leaders.
Definition and Background of the Manyano Movement in South Africa
The Structure of the Anglican Manyano in KwaZulu-Natal
Definition and Roles of Manyano Leaders
It is at the general assembly that the parish board is elected every three years (Mødreforeningen 2007:23). The board consists of: 'the parish leader and her deputy chairman; the secretary and her deputy; the treasurer; all branch managers and two additional managers’ (Mothers’. Union 2007:24). The Manyano parish leader is 'the link between the incumbent, the parish council, the diocesan chairman, the MU organizer, the chairman and the members of [manyano] in the parish' (Mødreforbundet 2007:24).
Manyano Leaders as Social and Pastoral Agents in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands
Furthermore, the investigation of their practical involvement will enable the exploration of some theological reflections that guide their social action. How then, despite this apparent lack of financial or educational resources, have the Anglican leaders of many MUs benefited the Anglican Church and their communities. In this regard, Haddad's (2000) study in Vulindela again provides an important insight; a theological source of "survival" for poor women.
Conclusion
This possibility of survival is therefore the vehicle for agency and resistance to daily struggles such as those caused by HIV and AIDS and exacerbated by material conditions for poor and marginalized women. 37 This chapter's discussion has sought to demonstrate that the Manyano movement is uniquely positioned in its social agency within the fringes of the church and society when it comes to tackling challenges such as the HIV and AIDS epidemic. This is to demonstrate its importance in guiding this study's analysis of mangeano leaders' agency in the context of HIV and AIDS.
Relations of Power between Dominant and Subordinate Groups
Therefore, according to Scott, for subordinate groups, 'discourse that takes place in the public sphere tends to praise the images of the dominant' (Scott cited in Paulo 2010:76). By doing so, subordinate groups can publicly enact a false respect and public compliance with the hegemony of the dominant while appropriating subversive discourses in the hidden realm (Scott. Resistance in the realm of infrapolitics for the dominated is consciously careful because it is 'a tactical choice born of cautious awareness of the balance of power' (Scott 1990:183).
Scott’s Theory in our Current Context
Regarding hidden transcripts and WikiLeaks, Puig first reminds us that 'James Scott's (1990) extensive work emphasizes the relationship between those who have power and those who do not, focusing on the strategies and tools that dominate exploitation , to avoid oppression and attacks on. their dignity' (cited in Envio 2011). He then argues that WikiLeaks has shown the gap between the public and the hidden discourse of the hegemonic elites in the global era (cited in Revista Envio 2011). This was achieved, he argues, through the exposure information that shows how the hegemonic elites view and treat the less powerful from the public eye; with 'insolence and partiality' in private; while 'conversing officially and politely in public' (Puig quoted in Revista Envio 2011).
Conclusion
In the previous chapter, Scott's theory of power relations between dominant and subordinate groups was presented. This chapter answers the following three questions posed in the introduction: what were the personal experiences of Manyana agency leaders in dealing with the issues of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic in the period between 1990 and 2000; what were the personal experiences of the leaders of the agency for Manyana in dealing with the problem of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic in the period 2001-2010; and whether the personal experiences of Manyana agency leaders in dealing with issues of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic differ between the two time periods. By answering these questions, this chapter seeks to achieve the first three objectives of the study: to document the performance of Manyano leaders in addressing the issues of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic in the period between 1990 and 2000; to document the performance of Manyan leaders in addressing the issues of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic between 2001 and 2010; and, as noted above, to identify notable differences in the performance of Manyan leaders in addressing issues of HIV and AIDS as an epidemic between these two time periods.
Research Process
In this chapter, I will present findings from fieldwork documenting Manyan leaders' memories of HIV and AIDS in the years 1990–2010, with a particular focus on their response to issues of the epidemic. For these five, each of the interviewees either drove to public transport or boarded to meet me. As will be seen in the next section, most have a professional background in the education or health sector and are well aware of the impact of the epidemic in their communities.
Profile of Study Participants
She is over 65, widowed, is a retired registered nurse and has remained active in her manyanya group. This indicates that out of the eight women; five are over 65 and three are within the 55-66 age range. At the time of the interviews, two of the women were now ordained as priests and two as lay ministers.
Research Findings
- Theme 1: General Involvement in Addressing Issues of HIV and AIDS
- Theme 2: HIV and AIDS related Stigma
- Theme 3: Pastoral Agency
- Theme 4: Subversive Elements in the Manyano Leaders’ Response to the Epidemic
However, in the 2000s, the health, mortality and social consequences of the epidemic were more apparent. Based on the above descriptions, between 1990 and 2000, four out of four of the Manyano leaders were active in the spiritual care aspect of pastoral outreach. The second theme is related to the above and concerns their achievements in subversively tackling the problems of HIV and AIDS despite the challenges.
Conclusion
As the discourse on HIV and AIDS shifted more into the public domain in the period 2001–2010, the discourse of Manyano leaders also seemed to shift into this domain. From this background, this chapter examined the social and pastoral engagement of Anglican Manyano leaders in the HIV and AIDS context of the Kwa-Zulu Natal Midlands during the period 1990–2010. This in turn has influenced how many leaders in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands responded spiritually and practically to the challenges of HIV and AIDS in their communities between 1990 and 2010.
Their responses were grouped into four themes: general involvement in addressing HIV and AIDS issues, HIV and AIDS-related stigma, pastoral representation, and subversive elements in Manyana leaders' response to the epidemic. First, I suggest that further research should focus on discovering how, if at all, Anglican Mayano leaders in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands attempt to coordinate their response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic.
The Hidden Discourse of the Anglican Manyano’s in the context of HIV and AIDS…
Agency of Manyano Leaders: 1990-2000
In this way, the Mayano group can support children infected or affected by HIV in the public sphere without openly declaring their objective. Also, in this way the Mayano group prevented the children from facing the possible stigma during their involvement in the project. As the discourse on HIV and AIDS moved into the public sphere in the 2000s (see section 1.1), there was a reduced need for leaders to engage in subversive agency in the public sphere.
Agency of Manyano Leaders: 2001-2010
Further indications that dominant church discourses posed less risk to the Manyano's efforts in this period can be noted in the following comments of Sbongile,. This was evidenced in the interviews, I suggest, by the fact that it was the Manyano leaders in the nursing field and those who received HIV and AIDS-specific training who were involved in counseling HIV-positive Manyano and community members. The findings also revealed that safe spaces in the hidden realm were fewer, remaining mainly in the areas of disclosure of HIV status and gender-based violence.
Conclusion
In addition, the chapter provided a background to the Manyano movement and showed why documenting their oral history of the epidemic in Kwa-Zulu Natal is important. The findings confirmed the assertions in previous chapters that Manyano leaders play an important role in addressing the challenges of the epidemic in their communities. The chapter therefore analyzed the performance of Manyano leaders using Scott's notion of safe places and the categories of public, hidden and infrapolitical realms of discourse.
Key Findings of the Study
This was attributed to the resistance faced by Manyano leaders due to the stigma associated with HIV and AIDS associated with these structures, which was more pronounced during this period. This was due to the fact that the discourse on HIV and AIDS became more public and stigma in their communities began to decline due to the availability of more knowledge about the epidemic and the introduction of universal access to treatment. Comparing the results of the analysis between the two periods revealed that there was a risk for Manyana leaders in contexts where marginalization due to the stigma associated with HIV and AIDS was more prevalent.
Recommendations for Further Research
This agreement ensures that your interview will be added to the archived collections of the Sinomedo Center for Oral History and Memory Work in Africa in accordance with your wishes. What challenges did you face as a multilateral leader in addressing HIV and AIDS issues? What do you think you have achieved in the treatment of HIV and AIDS while you were the leader of many?
