The overview ended with a summary of the main aspects that should be considered in the interpretation of metaphor. Sun, moon and the host of heaven Occurrences in the book of Jeremiah A biblical picture of worship Separate cults.
Introductory comments
The impact of the aforementioned debate has already been crystallized in many aspects in recent scholarship on the book of Jeremiah. Kaufmann (1961) gives an account of the history of the religion of Israel focusing on its distinctive nature.
The aim of this study
The purpose of this chapter is to identify the exegetical problems in the book of Jeremiah, which must be taken into account in every study of the literature. Furthermore, this chapter attempts to obtain more information about the aniconic nature of the monotheism promoted in the book of Jeremiah.
INTRODUCTION
- An inexhaustible subject
- Two Millennia of development
- Misleading Textbook definitions
- Functions of the rhetoric metaphor
Any study of metaphor must take into account the history of the development of the concept of metaphor in order to avoid pitfalls and oversimplification of the phenomenon. The aim will be to highlight important considerations in considering metaphor for use by the homilist.
An underlying theory of art: imitation
Evaluation
- One of many tropes
- Image
- Deeper meaning
Riccoeur (1994:9 ff) gives us a more appreciative account of Aristotle's contribution to the history of the development of metaphor. It also remains an open question whether the OT prophets were trained in or held any theory of metaphor.
Renaissance and further development: Logic
Obviously, the poet's main task was to discover the meaning of God through his metaphors, and it is in no way the poet's own effort to express himself or decorate his work with metaphors.
Summary and evaluation
Given that many of these points have been discussed above, a brief description of Substitution and Comparison as a resultant theory, as well as an evaluation with some conclusions, will be necessary in this study. Because of similarities with the substitution and comparison views, similarity theory will not be discussed.
RESULTANT THEORIES
Substitution theories
Gumpel in her proposal of a consistent theory of metaphor places great emphasis on the author's intention for the invention and grammatical formulation of metaphorical expressions. 34; We need the metaphor only in cases where the accuracy of the scientific statement cannot yet be debated.
ROMANTICISM
A new theory of language
The most significant difference between the Romantics' approach and the traditional rhetorical theory of metaphor lies in the relationship between language and metaphor. Another major difference between the traditional view of metaphor and the view of the Romantics has to do with the origin or production of the metaphor.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS: INTERACTION .1 Introduction
Five principles
The above five claims of Interaction Theory are often explained by means of Black's (1968:39) much-cited (and now fossilized) metaphorical example, namely, "Man is a wolf." However, at the same time the 'isn't' part is gradually suppressed, depending on the degree of understanding of the metaphor.
A creation of untranslatable but ambiguous meaning
Metaphorical thought
In "Metaphor Reexamined," Gumpel (1984), in her effort to present a non-Aristotelian perspective on metaphor, also evaluates contemporary theories in terms of the Aristotelian view. Nevertheless, interactionists have now taken metaphor out of the shop window and placed it on the playing field of creative and meaningful language and our imaginative cognitive processes.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR THEORY
- Introduction
- Understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another
- Metaphor in 'fixed speech formulas' of everyday language
- Interaction between domains
- Metaphorical mapping
- Evaluation
34; Because the metaphorical concept is systematic, the language we use to talk about that aspect of the concept is systematic. Therefore, only one part of the metaphorical concept is adapted and emphasized in the structure, while the other is hidden because it does not and cannot be adapted.
IMPORTANT DISTINCTIONS
Simile
Ortony (1984b: 188) emphasizes the important role of similarity in the processing and understanding of both metaphor and simile. Although this position also boils down to the fact that the difference between metaphor and simile is only noticeable in the difference in their grammatical forms, it views simile as a metaphorical tool of our thought processes.
Synecdoche and Metonymy
Lakoff and Johnson (p40) also emphasize the important role of metonymic conceptual systems in the symbolism of our culture and religion, for example the dove and the cross, which are metaphorical in nature. Metonymy is mainly used for reference: through metonymy one can refer to one entity in a schema by referring to another entity in the same schema. Turner also explains the similarities between metaphor and metonymy, namely that both are conceptual in nature; mappings from one domain to another; can be conventionalized;
Analogy
The theory presented by Lakoff and Johnson, supplemented by Turner's explanations regarding similarities and dissimilarities, appears to this researcher as a viable and acceptable option to use in this study. 34; 1 It appears that the terms analogy, similitude, and likeness are synonymous and are used as such in the traditional, substitution, and related metaphor theories. In light of Riccoeur's critique of tropology (1994:45ff) and van Niekerk's use of analogy in theology (1994:279ff), as well as the possibilities inherent in the application of the conceptual metaphor theory (seeing metaphor as experiencing and understanding a thing in the form of another), in this study the term 'analogy' will be used only to refer to the metaphorical process, and especially in connection with God-talk.
METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE IN THE OT
- Ezekiel
- Jeremiah
- Religious language, metaphor and Theology
- Myth and metaphor
- Metaphor and religious experience
The Israelites and the peoples of the ANE, like modern peoples, perceive religious realities through metaphors. The question arises: Were the prophets aware that they were implementing metaphors and similes in their efforts to describe God and His message. This is because the model of God as 'Father' is more personal and intimate, and it gives them an explanatory basis as well as a depiction of the reality of their relationship with Him.
ON IDENTIFYING HEBREW METAPHORS
Soskice emphasizes the importance of a working definition with basic properties for identifying metaphors, suggesting that: 'metaphor is that figure of speech in which we speak of one thing in terms that are thought to suggest something else.' She concludes: 'a The metaphor is established once it is clear that one thing is being talked about in terms that suggest something else, and can be expanded until this is no longer the case. Riccoeur gives three applications of his idea of tension, namely: a) "tension within the statements: between tenor and vehicle, between focus and frame, between main subject and secondary subject; (one might add, between.)
A WORKING 'DEFINITION'
Identification and categorisation
A focus on metaphorical discourse, 1 the sentence and the word (in that order) as noted and suggested by Riccoeur (1994:3) will be considered, supplemented by the cognitive element emphasized by Lakoffian theory and Mac Cormac's cognitive interaction theory.
Hermeneutical guidelines
The driving force behind this mechanism is neologism and trope, especially metaphor. From our distinction between the rule (normal use) and the original irregularity of metaphor, it follows that we do not believe theories which claim that all language is fundamentally metaphorical. Equipped with this working definition, the prophetic literary material of the book of Jeremiah will be explored for the creative and conventional metaphorical concepts used by the 'metaphor makers' in relation to YHWH, Israel and the gods.
Introduction
Is Jeremiah present or absent?
A new paradigm
This period should be considered as the era of the origin of the identity and the economic unity of Israel. Proponents of the new theories do not recognize the OT as a reliable source of history. In the history of the development of Israel, the Exodus group propagated their ideals and religion, but initially not as a majority group.
The major questions in the debate
Despite denying the existence of other gods (non-gods), YHWH is also declared to be 'God of gods, Lord of lords' (Deuteronomy 10:17). There are several recorded accounts of cults established by some kings as the state religion, as well as reports. Based on these discoveries, many scholars have come to the conclusion that the folk religion of the pre-exilic period consisted of polytheistic Yahwism.2.
Different theories on the development of monotheism
- A combination of the Evolutionary and the Revolutionary models
However, in the crisis of the exile the syncretists were confronted with the Babylonian cult of idolatry. The LXX lacks 2,700 words of the MT text and contains 100 words that are missing from the MT. These facts were important to the author of the material as well as to the audience.
TOI0031
The extent of idol-worship in Israel's history
The impression created by the OT is one of a continuous struggle against idolatry throughout most of the history of the Northern Kingdom and Judah. OT accounts tend to reveal mainly the practices of management rather than those of the population. On the other hand, the prophets or the editors of their work may be guilty of a tendency to generalize or summarize the entire history of the idolatrous sins of Israel and Judah.
A CANONICAL APPROACH
In many cases it is clear that the whole history is meant, from the possession of the earth to the date of the prophetic oracles, including all the idolatrous sins of the ancestors, previous generations, and kings. In my opinion, this is the most important achievement of the canonical approach, because our understanding of the NT and the Christian faith depends on our attitude and interpretation of the OT.
Summary and conclusion
INTRODUCTION
- The issue of methodology
- Resulting explanations for idolatry references
- Method followed in this chapter
Past commentators, especially those of the linguistic-critical and historical-critical schools, have offered a variety of explanations for the occurrence of idolatry texts, especially those in the prose portions of the Book of Jeremiah. Unfortunately, in the application of the historical-critical method, the significance of the literary unity of the canonized theological text has been largely neglected. First, a brief overview will be given of events, expressions and statements regarding the nature and role of the 'other gods' in the book of Jeremiah.
AN OVERVIEW
- Provisional conclusion
In the concept other gods are the works of error in the declaration of the prophet/author(s). The metaphorical concept thus invoked involves The images of the other gods are detestable carcasses in YHWH's view. The occurrence in 4:1 represents the first appearance of the term in the book of Jeremiah.
CLARIFICATION OF TERMINOLOGY REGARDING THE GODS
- Selected terms
The identity of the other party involved in the exchange, which Israel conducted, has not yet been revealed. The occurrence of 'no gods' in 2:11a is specifically directed against the gods of the nations. Swearing allegiance to these 'no gods' is an unforgivable sin in the eyes of the Yahwists.
TOWARDS THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE GODS
- Etymology
- A pantheon, epithet or a proper name
- Baal cult practices
- Conclusion
- Separate cults?
- Conclusion
Nor do the contexts offer additional information about the cult of the Queen of Heaven. This changed their minds and convinced them that the cult of the Queen of Heaven. He also set up altars for "all the host of heaven" in the two courtyards of the temple in Jerusalem (vS).
METAPHORICAL CONCEPTS REGARDING THE GODS
The following related terms and expressions form part of this semantic field (Seybold a) The term 'iTn, meaning 'emptiness, vanity, nothing', occurs e.g. However, 'iTn does not appear in contexts of idolatry in the book of Jeremiah. Charm is deceptive ('P~) and beauty is vain (~~i1).' The use of the term 'P~' plays an important role in the themes of the book of Jeremiah, including idolatry (Overholt 1970: 1), and will need further discussion under the heading 'Other Deities are Deceptions'. The occurrence of the term ~,~ in the Book of Jeremiah will be discussed under a separate metaphorical concept, namely 'Other deities are deceptions'.
