SELULOSA DAN NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA (NCC)
4.8 ANALISIS SUSUT PENGERINGAN NANOKRISTALIN SELULOSA (NCC)
Hasil analisis susut pengeringan pada nanokristalin selulosa yang diperoleh dari bahan baku serat batang pisang ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.6. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengukur kadar air yang terkandung pada nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) yang terisolasi.
(°C) Sulfat (%) (%)
Dari hasil tersebut, tampak nilai susut pengeringan yang semakin tinggi seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu hidrolisis dan konsentrasi asam sulfat yang digunakan, dengan nilai tertinggi 18,18% pada kondisi suhu hidrolisis 60°C dan konsentrasi asam sulfat 45%.
Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Landri, dkk., 2011, kadar air yang terkandung dalam partikel nanokristalin selulosa akan cenderung meningkat seiring dengan mengecilnya ukuran partikel. Semakin kecil suatu ukuran partikel, maka semakin kuat pengaruh dari ketertarikan gaya van der Waals (Lee, dkk., 2019). Rantai selulosa yang cenderung berikatan satu sama lain berinteraksi melalui ikatan hidrogen, gaya van der Waals dan gaya elektrostatis. Pada permukaan dari rantai tersebut, ikatan hidrogen intermolekul yang terlepas akan mengikat ikatan hidrogen dari uap air yang ada di udara dan dengan bantuan gaya van der Waals, akan menstabilkan struktur dari selulosa (Khazraji dan Robert, 2013).
Dari pembahasan tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi asam sulfat dan suhu hidrolisis yang digunakan akan menghasilkan nanokristalin selulosa dengan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil. Hal ini juga dapat menjelaskan tingkat penyerapan air (Water Holding Capacity) yang meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan variabel konsentrasi asam dan suhu hidrolisis yang digunakan.
5.1 Kesimpulan
Adapun kesimpulan yang dapat diambil pada penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Hasil analisa Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) dari serat batang pisang, alfa selulosa dan nanokristal selulosa (NCC) menunjukkan penghilangan bahan ekstraktif seperti lignin dan hemiselulosa seiring dengan perlakuan lanjut dari serat batang pisang. Hal ini menunjukkan perlakuan delignifikasi dengan menggunakan 10% (w/v) NaOH, dan pemutihan (bleaching) dengan menggunakan 30% (v/v) H2O2 efektif dalam menghilangkan senyawa pengotor tersebut. Penghilangan senyawa-senyawa tersebut dibuktikan dengan hasil analisa Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) yang menunjukkan penghilangan puncak lignin dan hemiselulosa pada sampel alfa selulosa dan nanokristalin selulosa.
2. Hasil analisa Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) menunjukkan nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) yang dihasilkan memiliki bentuk seperti jarum dengan ukuran rata-rata 125 – 144 nanometer serta terbebas dari bahan-bahan ekstraktif seperti lignin dan hemiselulosa.
3. Hasil analisa yield dari nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimal dari variasi konsentrasi asam dan suhu hidrolisis yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) adalah dengan konsentrasi asam sulfat 55% dan suhu hidrolisis 60°C dengan nilai yield 26,75%.
4. Hasil analisa Water Holding Capacity (WHC) dari nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penyerapan air dari nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) yang tertinggi tampak pada nanokristalin selulosa yang dihasilkan dari kondisi konsentrasi asam sulfat 55% dan suhu hidrolisis 45°C, yaitu 7,67 gram air / gram nanoselulosa sedangkan kemampuan penyerapan air yang terendah tampak pada nanokristalin selulosa yang dihasilkan dari kondisi
5. Analisa zat larut dalam air pada sampel nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) menunjukkan nilai zat larut dalam air yang tertinggi pada suhu hidrolisis 45°C dan konsentrasi asam sulfat 55%, dengan nilai 33,33%. Senyawa zat larut dalam air berasal dari kandungan jenis serat yang larut dalam air pada sampel serat batang pisang yang digunakan berupa pektin.
6. Analisa susut pengeringan pada sampel nanokristalin selulosa (NCC) menunjukkan nilai susut pengeringan yang tertinggi pada suhu hidrolisis 60°C dan konsentrasi asam sulfat 45%, dengan nilai 18,18%. Ukuran partikel yang semakin kecil akan memiliki sifat higroskopis (penyerapan uap air) yang lebih tinggi dikarenakan gaya van der Waals yang lebih dominan.
5.2 Saran
Adapun saran yang dapat diberikan untuk kesempurnaan penelitian ini adalah:
1. Perlunya dilakukan perbandingan pengaruh metode penghasil nanoselulosa kristalin lain (mekanis dan enzimatis) terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas nanokristalin selulosa yang dihasilkan.
2. Perlunya dilakukan perbandingan sumber selulosa terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas nanokristalin selulosa yang dihasilkan.
3. Perlunya dilakukan pencucian menggunakan solven organik seperti etanol untuk membersihkan ekstraktif berupa pektin dan wax agar tidak ada residu ekstraktif pada nanokristalin selulosa yang dihasilkan.
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Halaman PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ... i PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ... ii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN... iii PRAKATA ... iv DEDIKASI ... vi RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS ... vii ABSTRAK ... viii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ... xix DAFTAR SIMBOL ...xx 1.5 RUANG LINGKUP PENELITIAN ...4 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...6 2.1 SERAT BATANG PISANG ...6 2.2…….NANOKRISTAL SELULOSA / NANOCRYSTAL
CELLULOSE (NCC) ...7 2.3 PROSES -PROSES PENYEDIAAN NANOSELULOSA ...9 2.3.1 Delignifikasi ...9 2.3.2 Perlakuan Persiapan Nanoselulosa Dari Selulosa ...10
2.3.2.1 Hidrolisis Asam...10 2.3.2.2 Homogenisasi ...11
2.3.2.3 Penggilingan...12 2.3.2.4 Cryocrushing ...13 2.3.2.5 Ultrasonikasi ...14 2.4 ANALISA NANOSELULOSA KRISTALIN ...15 2.4.1 Analisa Yield ...15 2.4.2 Analisis Karakteristik ...15 2.4.2.1 Analisis Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) ...15 2.4.2.2 Analisis X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) ...16 2.4.2.3 Analisis Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) ...17 2.4.2.4 Analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) ....18 2.4.3 Uji Fisik ...19 2.4.3.1 Uji Water Holding Capacity (WHC) ...19 2.4.3.2 Uji Zat Larut dalam Air ...19
(TEM) ...17 2.4.2.4 Analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) ....18 2.4.3 Uji Fisik ...19 2.4.3.1 Uji Water Holding Capacity (WHC) ...19 2.4.3.2 Uji Zat Larut dalam Air ...19