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Pb-Lead http://weppi.gtk.fi/publ/foregsatlas/text/Pb.pdf diakses pada tanggal 2 April 2018 pukul 20:49 WIB
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LAMPIRAN I Data Baku Mutu Air Limbah
Berikut adalah tabel data baku mutu limbah sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No.5/Kep-MenLH/2014 pada pelayanan kesehatan yang melakukan pengolahan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun
Tabel Baku Mutu Air Limbah
Parameter Konsentrasi Paling Tinggi
Nilai Satuan
Senyawa aktif biru metilen (MBAS) 5 mg/L
Fenol 0,5 mg/L
AOX 0,5 mg/L
PCBs 0,005 mg/L
PCDFs 10 mg/L
PCDDs 10 mg/L
LAMPIRAN II DATA PERHITUNGAN Data Perhitungan Penentuan Waktu Kontak Terhadap Penyisihan Pb
Dosis Adsorben : 1 gram Volume larutan Pb : 200mL
No. Adsorben Waktu Konsentrasi Awal Timbal Co Konsentrasi Akhir Timbal Ce Efisiensi Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
(menit) (mg/l) (mg/l) (%) (mg/g)
1 Biosorben
0 100 100 0 0
5 100 80.293 19.7 3.9
15 100 14.4854 85.5 17.1
30 100 10.0377 90.0 18.0
45 100 28.2877 71.7 14.3
60 100 46.5624 53.4 10.7
2 Karbon Aktif
0 100 100 0 0
5 100 36.1418 63.9 12.8
15 100 23.0715 76.9 15.4
30 100 9.774 90.2 18.0
45 100 7.1301 92.9 18.6
60 100 19.0716 80.9 16.2
Data Perhitungan Penentuan Waktu Kontak Terhadap Penyisihan Cd Dosis Adsorben : 1 gram
Volume larutan Pb : 200mL
No. Adsorben Waktu Konsentrasi Awal Kadmium Co
Konsentrasi Akhir Kadmium
Ce Efisiensi Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
(menit) (mg/l) (mg/l) (%) (mg/g)
1 Biosorben
0 98 98 0 0
5 98 77.6433 20.8 4.1
15 98 19.0135 80.6 15.8
30 98 13.2976 86.4 16.9
45 98 32.2106 67.1 13.2
60 98 60.3654 38.4 7.5
2 Karbon
Aktif
0 98 98 0 0
5 98 43.3674 55.7 10.9
15 98 27.5832 71.9 14.1
30 98 11.7288 88.0 17.3
45 98 9.8381 90.0 17.6
60 98 22.3884 77.2 15.1
Data Perhitungan Penentuan pH Terhadap Penyisihan Pb
Dosis Adsorben : 1 gram Volume larutan Pb : 200mL Waktu Kontak Biosorben : 30 menit Waktu Kontak Karbon Aktif : 45 menit
No. Adsorben pH
Konsentrasi Awal Timbal Co
Konsentrasi Akhir Timbal
Ce Efisiensi Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
(mg/l) (mg/l) (%) (mg/g)
Data Perhitungan Penentuan pH Terhadap Penyisihan Cd
Dosis Adsorben : 1 gram Volume larutan Pb : 200mL Waktu Kontak Biosorben : 30 menit Waktu Kontak Karbon Aktif : 45 menit
No. Adsorben pH
Konsentrasi Awal Kadmium Co
Konsentrasi Akhir Kadmium
Ce Efisiensi Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
(mg/l) (mg/l) (%) (mg/g)
Data Perhitungan Penentuan Dosis Adsorben Terhadap Penyisihan Pb pH : 5 Waktu Kontak Biosorben : 30 menit Volume larutan Pb : 200mL Waktu Kontak Karbon Aktif : 45 menit
No. Adsorben
Dosis Adsorben
Konsentrasi Awal Timbal Co
Konsentrasi Akhir Timbal
Ce Efisiensi Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
(gram) (mg/l) (mg/l) (%) (mg/g)
1 Biosorben
0 100 100 0 0
0.25 100 4.9655 95.0 76.0
0.50 100 1.4895 98.5 39.4
0.75 100 2.4225 97.6 26.0
1.00 100 6.556 93.4 18.7
1.25 100 6.8557 93.1 14.9
2 Karbon
Aktif
0 100 100 0 0
0.25 100 25 75 60
0.50 100 1.7228 98.3 39.3
0.75 100 1.8296 98.2 26.2
1.00 100 1.6759 98.3 19.7
1.25 100 1.7426 98.3 15.7
Data Perhitungan Penentuan Dosis Adsorben Terhadap Penyisihan Cd pH : 5 Waktu Kontak Biosorben : 30 menit Volume larutan Pb : 200mL Waktu Kontak Karbon Aktif : 45 menit
No. Adsorben
Dosis Adsorben
Konsentrasi Awal Kadmium Co
Konsentrasi Akhir Kadmium
Ce Efisiensi Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
(gram) (mg/l) (mg/l) (%) (mg/g)
1 Biosorben
0 98 98 0 0
0.25 98 5.7352 94.1 73.8
0.50 98 1.7204 98.2 38.5
0.75 98 2.8222 97.1 25.4
1.00 98 7.6377 92.2 18.1
1.25 98 7.9869 91.9 14.4
2 Karbon
Aktif
0 98 98 0 0
0.25 98 29.125 70.3 55.1
0.50 98 2.0071 98.0 38.4
0.75 98 2.1315 97.8 25.6
1.00 98 1.9524 98.0 19.2
1.25 98 2.0302 97.9 15.4
Perhitungan Penentuan Model Kinetika Adsorpsi Model Pseudo orde pertama:
Log (qe-qt) = Log (qe) –
( ) keterangan :
qt dan qe = kapasitas adsorpsi pada waktu t (mg N/g) dan pada waktu kesetimbangan k1 =konstanta laju kesetimbangan adsorpsi pada orde semu pertama (1/menit)
Tabel Penentuan Pseudo Orde Pertama
No. Adsorben Waktu Konsentrasi
Awal Timbal Co
No. Adsorben Waktu Konsentrasi Awal
Dari grafik penentuan kinetika reaksi pseudo orde pertama diperoleh persamaan:
Y= -0,1404x + 1,0366 R2 = 0,677
Dari persamaan linear diatas ditentukan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum pseudo orde pertama (k1), maka diperoleh:
Log q1 = 1,0366 q1 = 10,88
k1 / 2,303 = 0,1404 k1 = 0,33 min-1
Model Pseudo Orde Kedua :
keterangan :
qt dan qe = jumlah yang terserap pada waktu t (mg N/g) dan pada waktu kesetimbangan k2 =konstanta laju kesetimbangan adsorpsi pada orde semu kedua (g/mg menit)
Tabel Penentuan Pseudo Orde Kedua
No. Adsorben Waktu Konsentrasi Awal Timbal Co
No. Adsorben Waktu Konsentrasi Awal
Dari grafik penentuan kinetika reaksi pseudo orde kedua diperoleh persamaan:
Y= 0,051x – 0,006 R2 = 0,9999
Dari persamaan linear diatas ditentukan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum (q2) dan konstanta untuk pseudo orde kedua (k2), maka diperoleh:
t/q2 = 0,051 q2 = 19,6
1/ k2 q2 = 0,0381 1 / (19,6^2) k2 = 0,006 k2 = 0,43 min-1
Perhitungan Isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir :
Ce = konsentrasi nitrat pada saat kesetimbangan (mg N/l)
qe = jumlah nitrat yang terserap per satuan massa adsorben pada saat kesetimbangan (mg N/g) qm = jumlah maksimum nitrat yang terserap per satuan massa adsorben (mg N/g)
KL = konstanta afinitas Langmuir yang berhubungan denngan energi sorpsi.desorpsi (l/mg)
No. Adsorben
Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
ce/qe
No. Adsorben
Penyisihan Kapasitas Adsorpsi qt
ce/qe
Diplot kurva Ce vs Ce/Qe, grafik penentuan model isoterm Langmuir ditunjukkan oleh gambar berikut ini:
y = 0,0699x - 0,1202
Dari grafik penentuan isoterm Langmuir diperoleh persamaan : Y = - 0,0146x + 0,052
R2 = 0,9748
Nilai-nilai parameter Langmuir qmax dan k dihitung dari garis miring dan intersep dari plot linear 1/q vs 1/Ce, sehingga diperoleh:
1/qm = 0,0146 RL =
=
= 0,034 Qm = 68,49
1/(Ka.qm) = 0,052 Ka = 0,28
Penentuan Isoterm adsorpsi Freundlich:
Keterangan :
Ce = Konsentrasi logam pada saat kesetimbangan (mg N/L)
qe = Jumlah logam yang terserap per satuan massa adsorben pada saat kesetimbangan (mgN/g) Kf = Konstanta isoterm adsorpsi Freundlich yang berkaitan dengan tingkat kapasitas adsorpsi
No. Adsorben
No. Adsorben
Diplot kurva log qe vs log Ce, grafik penentuan isoterm Freundlich ditunjukkan oleh gambar berikut ini:
y = -0,3412x + 1,6656
Dari grafik penentuan isoterm Freundlich diperoleh persamaan : Y = - 0,3488x + 1,2914
R2 = 0,5976
Nilai-nilai parameter Freundlich 1/n dan kf dihitung dari garis miring dan intersep dari plot linear log q vs log Ce, sehingga diperoleh:
1/n = 0,3488 n = 2,86 log kf = 1,2914 kf = 19,56
LAMPIRAN III Dokumentasi Penelitian
Proses Aktivasi Sabut Kelapa
Penyaringan Adsorben Setelah Aktivasi
Pengeringan Proses Pirolisis Katbon
Proses Penetralan Karbon Aktif