• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Abdul M. 2009. Pemanfaatan jerami padi sebagai pupuk organik in situ untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia dan subsidi pupuk. . [Internet].[diunduh 2015 Sep 11]. Tersedia pada:

http://isroi.com/2009/05/14/pemanfaatan-jerami-padi-sebagai- pupuk-organik-in-situ-untuk-mengurangi-penggunaan-pupuk-kimia-dan-subsidi-pupuk/

Acosta VM, J Moore K, J Cottona, T Gardnera, D Westerda. 2014. Soil enzyme activities during the 2011 Texas record drought/heatwave and implications to biogeochemical cycling and organicmatter dynamics. Appl. Soil Ecol.75:43-51.

24

Agus C. 1997. Respirasi Tanah Pada Lantai Hutan Manginum. Buletin Kehutanan.

Agus F. 2000. Konstribusi bahan organik untuk meningkatkan produksi pangan pada lahan kering bereaksi masam. Pros. Seminar Nasional Sumber Daya Lahan. Cisarua-Bogor, 9-11 Februari 1999. Buku III. Pusat Penelitan Tanah dan Agroklimat.

Anas I. 1988. Biologi Tanah dalam Praktek. Laboratorium Biologi Tanah. Jurusan Tanah. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Alexander M. 1977. Introduction to Soil Microbiology. New York: Cornel University.

Anderson T. 2003. Microbial eco-physiological indicators to asses soil quality. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 98:285-293.

Askin T and Kizilkaya R. 2005. The spatial variability of urease activity of surface aglicultural soils within an urban area. J. Cent. Agric. 6(2):161-165.

Bastida F, Moreno JL, Hernandez T, and Garcia C. 2007. The long-term effect of the management of a forest soil on its carbon content, microbial biomass and activity under a semi-arid climate. Appl. Soil Ecol.37:53–62.

Burns RG, Deforest JL, Marxsen J, Sinsabaugh RL, Stromberger ME, Wallenstein MD, Weintraub MN, Zoppini A. 2013. Soil enzymes in a changing environment: current knowledge and future directions. Soil Biol Biochem. 58:216–234.

Beri V, Goswami KP, Brar SS. 1978. Urease Activity and Its Michaellis Constant For soil systems. Dalam Plant and Soil 49.

Cattaneo F, PD Gennaro, L Barbanti, C Giovannini, M Labra, B Moreni, E Benitez, C Marzadori. 2014. Perennial energy cropping systems affect soil enzyme activities and bacterial community structure in a South European agricultural area. Appl. Soil Ecol. 84:213-222. Chu H, Lin X, Fujii T, Morimoto S, Yagi K, Hu J, Zhang J. 2007. Soil

microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, bacterial community structure In Response to long-term fertilizer management. Soil Biol Biochem. 39:2971-2976.

Clegg CD. 2006. Impact of cattle grazing and inorganic fertiliser additions to managed grasslands on the microbial community composition of soils. Appl. Soil Ecol 31: 73–82.

Danielle Karla Alves da Silva, Nicacio de Oliveira Freitas, Renata Gomes de Souza, Fabio Sergio Barbosa da Silva, Ademir Sergio Ferreira de Araujo, Leonor Costa Maia. 2012. Soil microbial biomass and activity under natural and regenerated forests and conventional sugarcane plantations in Brazil. Geoderma. 189:257-261.

Dick WA. and Tabatabai M.A. 1992. Significance and Potential Uses of Soil Enzymes. In: Metting FB (ed) Soil Microbial Ecology: App. Agric. Environ. Manag. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 95-127. Dick WA, Cheung L, and Wang P. 2000. Soil Acid and Alkaline

Phosphatase Activity as pH Adjusmnt Indikators. Soil Bio. and Biochem.

25 Duxbury JM, MS Smith and JW Doran. 1989. Soil Organic Matter as a Source and a Sink of Plant Nutrient. In Dynamic of Soil Organic Matter in Tropica Ekosystem. Dept. of Agro and Soil Sci. Univ. of Hawaii.

Ellert BH, Clapperton MJ, Anderson DW. 1997. An Ecosystem Perspective of Soil Quality. In: Gregorich EG, Carter MR (eds) Soil Quality for Crop Production and Ecosystem Health. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 115-141.

Evati, Suparto, dan Sulaeman. 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Tanah, Badan Litbang Departemen Pertanian.

Garcia FO, C Guerrero, A Roldan, J Mataix S, A Cerda , M Campoy, R Zornoza, G Barcenas, F Caravaca. 2010. Soil microbial biomass and activity under different agricultural management systems in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem. Soil Tillage Res.

109:110-115.

Gardner T, Acosta MV, Senwo Z, Dowd SE. 2011. Soil rhizosphere microbial communities and enzyme activities under organic farming in Alabama. Diversity. 3:308-328.

Giacometti C, Demyan MS, Cavani L, Marzadori C, Ciavatta C, Kandeler E. 2013. Chemical and microbiological soil quality indicators and their potential to differentiate fertilization regimes in temperate agroecosystems. Appl. Soil Ecol. 64:32–48.

Gianfreda, L. and J. M. Bollag. 1996. Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Factor on Enzyme Activity in Soil. In G. Stotzky and J. M. Bollag (eds). Soil Biochemistry Vol. 9. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. p 123-176.

Gil Stores F, Trasar Cepeda C, Leiros MC, Soane S. 2005. Different approaches to evaluate soil quality using biochemical properties.

Soil Biol Biochem. 37:877–887.

Girindra A. 1993. Biokimia I. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Haney RL, Kiniry JR, and Johnson MV. 2010. Soil microbial activity under different grass species: underground impacts of biofuel cropping. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 139:754–758.

Hardjowigeno S. 1995. Ilmu Tanah. Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo.

Hope CFA and Burns RG. 1987. Activity, origins and locations of cellulose in a silt loam soil. Biol Fertil Soil 5:164-170.

Lakitan B. 1993. Dasar-dasar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Jakarta: PT RajaGrasindo Persada.

Lehninger AL. 1990. Dasar-dasar Boikimia I. Thenawidjaya M, penerjemah; Jakarta: Erlangga. Terjemahan dari: Principles of biochemistry.

Jangid K, Williams MA, Franzluebbers AJ, Sanderlin JS, reeves JH, Jenkins MB, Endale DM, Coleman DC, and Whitman WB. 2008. Relative impacts of land-use, management intensity and fertilization upon soil microbial community structure in agricultural systems. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40:2843–2853.

26

Jastrzebska E and Kucharski J. 2007. Dehydrogenases, urease and phosphatases activities of soil contaminated with fungicides.

Plant Soil Environ. 53(2):51-57.

Kong AYY, Scow KM, Cordova KAL, Holmes WE, Six J. 2011. Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional, low-input, and organic cropping systems. Soil Biol Biochem. 43:20-30.

Macci C, Doni S, Peruzzi E, Masciandro G, Mennone C and Ceccanti B. 2012. Almond tree and organic fertilization for soil quality improvement in Southern Italy. J. Environ Manag. 95:215-222. Mao Y, Yannarell AC, Davis SC, and Mackie RI. 2013. Impact of

different bioenergy crops on N-cycling bacterial and archaeal communities in soil. Environ. Microbiol. 15:928–942.

Meriles JM, Vargas Gil S, Conforto C, Figoni G, Lovera E, March GJ, and Guzman CA. 2009. Soil microbial communities under different soybean cropping systems: characterization of microbial population dynamics, soil microbial activity, microbial biomass and fatty acid profiles. Soil Tillage Res. 103: 271–281.

Moeskops B, Buchan D, Sleutel S, Herawaty L, Husen E, Saraswati R, Setyorini D, De Neve S. 2010. Soil microbial communities and activities under intensive organic and conventional vegetable . Farming In West Java, Indonesia. Appl Soil Ecol. 45:112-120. Mondal NK, Kartick CP, Madhumita D, Sanhita G, Chittaranjan D, and

Jayanta KD. 2014. Seasonal variation of soil enzymes in Fluoride stress area of Birbhum district, Wrst Bengal, India. Taibah University for Science. 10:51-57.

Nursyamsi D dan Suprihati. 2005. Sifat-sifat Kimia dan Mineralogi Tanah serta Kaitannya dengan Kebutuhan Pupuk untuk Padi (Oryza sativa), Jagung (Zea mays), dan Kedelai (Glycine max). Bul. Agron. 33(3):40 – 47.

Pascual JA, Garcia C, Hernandez T, Moreno JL, Ros M. 2000. Soil microbial activity as a biomarker of degradation and remediation processes. Soil Biol Biochem. 32:1877–1883.

Rasti S, Edi H, dan RDM Simanungkalit. 2007. Metode Analisis Biologi Tanah. Bogor: Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.

Rosmarkam A, Yuwono NW. 2002. Ilmu Kesuburan Tanah. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Ruskandi dan Odih S. 2003. Kadar hara makro berbagai jenis limbah tanaman sela pada pola tanam kelapa.Prosiding Temu Teknis Fungsional Non Peneliti. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Salazar S, Sanchez L, Alvarez J, Valverde A, Galindo P, Igual J, Peix A, Santa-Regina I. 2011. Correlation among soil enzyme activities under different forest system management practices. Ecol Eng.

37:1123-1131.

Santos VB, Araujo ASF, Leite LFC, Nunes LAPL, Melo WJ. 2012. Soil microbial biomass and organic matter fractions during transition

27 from conventional to organic farming systems. Geoderma. 170:227–231.

Sardans, J. 2005. Drought Decreases Soil Enzyme Activity in a Mediterranean Quercusilex L. Forest. Soil Biol Biochem 37 (3):455-461.

Siallagan D. 2004. Aktivitas Urease dan Fosfomonoesterase Tanah pada Berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, Dramaga Bogor. Skripsi. Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB. Bogor.

Schinner F, Kandeler E, Ohlinger R. Margesin.1996. Methods in Soil. Boilogy. German: Spinger.

Soemarno. 2001. Konsep usaha tani lestari dan ramah lingkungan.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Budidaya Tanaman Pangan Berwawasan Lingkungan. Jakenan, 7 Maret 2001 hal 1-7.

Suhartono MT. 1989. Enzim dan Bioteknologi. Bogor: Departemen Pendidikan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Antar Universitas Biopteknologi-IPB.

Tabatabai MA and S Klose. 1999. Enzimes Activity of Microbial Biomass in Soil. Soil Biol Biochem. 31: 205-211.

Tisdale SLWR, Nelson and JD Beaton. 1985. Soil Fertility and Fertilizer.

Fourth Edition. Macmillan, Inc. New York. 754 pp.

Trasar Cepeda C, Leiros MC, Seoane S, Gil Sotres F. 2008. Biochemical properties of soils under crop rotation. Appl Soil Ecol. 39:133– 143.

Tu C, Louws FJ, Creamer NG, Mueller JP, Brownie C, Fager K, Bell M, and Hu S. 2006. Responses of soil microbial biomass and N availability to transition strategies from conventional to organic farming systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 113, 206–215.

Udawatta RP, Kremer RJ, Garett HE, and Anderson SH. 2009. Soil enzyme activities and physical properties in watershed managed under agroforestry and row- crop systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 131:98–104.

Vallejo VE, Roldan F, and Dick RP. 2010. Soil enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in an integrated agroforestry chronosequence compared to monocul-ture and a native forest of Colombia. Biol. Fertil. Soils 46:577–587.

Vogel. 1990. Buku Teks Analisis Anorganik Kualitatif Makro dan Semimikro. Edisi ke-5. Penerjemah Setiono dan A. Hadyana Pudjaatmaka. Jakarta: Kalman Media Pustaka.

Voroney R.P. 2007. The Soil Habitat. In: Eldor AP (ed) Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry. Elsevier, USA, pp 25-49.

Wallenstein MD and Burns RG. 2011. Ecology of extracellular enzyme activities andorganic matter degradation in soil: a complex community-driven process. In:Dick, R.P. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Enzymology. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI,USA, pp. 35–55. Winarno FG. 1995. Enzim Pangan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Winarso S. 2005. Kesuburan Tanah: Dasar Kesehatan dan Kualitas

28

Wiwik H dan LR Widowati. 2006. Pupuk Kandang. [Internet].[diunduh

2015 Sep 11].

Tersediapada:http://balittanah.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/dokum entasi/lainnya/04pupuk%20kandang.pdf

Wolinnska A and Stepniewska Z. 2011. Microorganisms Abundance and Dehydrogenase Activity As a Consequence of Soil Reoxidation Process In: Miransari M (ed) Soil Tillage and Microbial Activities, Research Singpost, Kerala, India pp 111-143.

Zhang N, Wan S, Li L, Bi J, Zhao M, Ma K. 2008. Impacts of urea N addition on soil microbial community in a semi-arid temperate steppe in northern China. J. Plant and Soil. 311:19–28.

29

30

Lampiran 1. Kurva Standar DHA, UR, dan CMCase.

Lampiran 2. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Brokoli Organik.

Lampiran 3. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Tomat Organik.

Lampiran 4. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Wortel Organik.

Lampiran 5. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Jagung Organik.

Lampiran 6. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Brokoli Konvensional.

Lampiran 7. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Tomat Konvensional.

31

Lampiran 8. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Wortel Konvensional.

Lampiran 9. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Jagung Konvensional.

Lampiran 10. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Padi Organik.

Lampiran 11. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah

Konvensional IP 3.

Lampiran 12. Lokasi Pengambilan Sample Tanah Padi Konvensional IP 2.

32

Dokumen terkait