Brigham, Eugene F. dan Joel F. Houston, 2006. Dasar- dasar Manajemen Keuangan, Buku Satu, Edisi Kesepuluh, Alih Bahasa Ali Akbar Yulianto, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
Damanik, Eko Bastian, 2010. “Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Perubahan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumen Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia”. Skripsi, Program Studi Strata Satu Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Dewanti, Hestina Wahyu, 2009. “Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan NPM, LDR, NPL dan BOPO Terhadap Perubahan Laba (Studi Pada Bank Devisa dan Bank Non Devisa Periode Juni 2004 – Juni 2007)”. Tesis, Program Studi Magister Manajemen Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro. Erlina, 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Bisnis untuk Akuntansi dan Manajemen,
Edisi Kedua. Medan: USU Press.
Harahap, Sofyan Syafri, 2000. Teori Akuntansi. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta. Harningsih, Raden Supriyanto, 2012. Evaluasi Pengaruh Rasio-Rasio Keuangan
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Lampiran.1 Daftar Populasi dan Sampel Perusahaan Pertambangan
No. Kode Nama Perusahaan Kriteria
1 2 3
1 ADRO Adaro Energy Tbk X X
2 ATPK ATPK Resources Tbk X X
3 BUMI Bumi Resources Tbk
4 BYAN Bayan Resources Tbk
5 ITMG Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk
6 KKGI Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk X
7 PKPK Perdana Karya Perkasa Tbk X X
8 PTBA Tambang Batubara Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk
9 PTRO Petrosea Tbk
10 ARTI Ratu Prabu Energi Tbk X
11 BIPI Benakat Petroleum Energy Tbk X X
12 ELSA Elnusa Tbk X
13 ENRG Energi Mega Persada Tbk X
14 MEDC Medco Energi International Tbk X
15 RUIS Radiant Utama Interinsco Tbk X
16 ANTM Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk
17 ARII Atlas Resources Tbk X X
18 BORN Borneo Lumbung Energi & Metal Tbk X
19 BRAU Berau Coal Energy Tbk X
20 BRMS Bumi Resources Minerals Tbk X X
21 DEWA Darma Henwa Tbk X
22 GEMS Golden Energy Mines Tbk X
23 GTBO Garda Tujuh Buana Tbk X
24 HRUM Harum Energy Tbk X
25 INCO Vale Indonesia Tbk
26 SMRU SMR Utama Tbk X
27 TINS Timah (Persero) Tbk X
28 CNKO Exploitasi Energi Indonesia Tbk X X
29 CTTH Citatah Tbk X
30 MITI Mitra Investindo Tbk X
Lampiran.2 Data Variabel Penelitian
Emiten Tahun Y GPM NPM EP RoE
antm 2006 -0.4769 0.48699 0.27583 0.30442 0.36266 antm 2007 2.30534 0.60069 0.42741 0.60655 0.58566 antm 2008 -0.7334 0.2764 0.14263 0.18835 0.16968 antm 2009 -0.5583 0.13752 0.06937 0.07888 1.07416 antm 2010 1.78567 0.33589 0.19251 0.38461 0.17572 antm 2011 0.14524 0.29263 0.18633 0.16899 0.17897 bumi 2006 0.8035 0.28595 0.12006 0.08949 0.61761 bumi 2007 2.5492 0.33293 0.34827 0.30324 0.70324 bumi 2008 -0.5289 0.47737 0.11002 0.19728 0.31892 bumi 2009 -0.4876 0.34284 0.05916 0.06985 0.12947 bumi 2010 0.39697 0.3295 0.0909 0.01718 0.30174 bumi 2011 -0.1915 0.39844 0.05376 0.07135 0.18285 itmg 2006 -0.7093 0.25485 0.03174 0.09061 0.18252 itmg 2007 1.44262 0.26857 0.07355 1.1136 0.72137 itmg 2008 3.13826 0.36281 0.17838 0.35307 0.38489 itmg 2009 0.42833 0.37816 0.22246 0.38085 0.4261 itmg 2010 -0.3916 0.31499 0.12413 0.25452 0.28314 itmg 2011 1.67511 3.84719 2.35526 0.46243 0.5053 ptba 2006 -0.5208 0.37784 0.13745 0.21525 0.21158 ptba 2007 0.56527 0.39995 0.18434 0.26938 0.27159 ptba 2008 1.24646 0.48919 0.23666 0.41787 0.42714 ptba 2009 0.59725 0.54131 0.30485 0.46568 0.33765 ptba 2010 -0.8659 0.39664 0.20524 0.05513 0.05678 ptba 2011 1.0807 0.53712 0.32868 0.10286 0.60561 tins 2006 0.93627 2.34304 0.7333 0.10036 0.12415 tins 2007 7.57372 7.16287 4.02476 0.52733 0.53128 tins 2008 -0.2478 4.19266 2.07018 0.36455 0.35135 tins 2009 -0.7663 2.48252 0.67554 0.1124 0.19147 tins 2010 2.0213 3.4939 1.72129 0.19169 0.22553 tins 2011 -0.054 3.0095 1.3677 0.19302 0.19505 hrum 2006 -0.3333 0.17785 0.00447 0.74437 0.23529 hrum 2007 6 0.19792 0.02235 0.14781 0.33735 hrum 2008 3.28571 0.25733 0.0463 0.22832 0.58824 hrum 2009 5.39167 0.3615 0.16663 0.5898 1.01101 hrum 2010 0.27928 0.35143 0.21871 0.35369 0.38556 hrum 2011 0.81306 0.40761 0.24381 0.49909 0.50014 inco 2006 0.91727 0.57397 0.38375 0.35091 0.30507 inco 2007 1.28503 0.7064 0.50435 0.88832 0.84602 inco 2008 -0.6937 0.38383 0.27384 0.25133 0.23625 inco 2009 -0.5257 0.32182 0.22395 0.11615 0.40777 inco 2010 22.0117 4.09949 3.07256 4.11985 2.3345 inco 2011 -0.0889 0.3683 2.87542 3.42539 2.14952
Lampiran.3 Hasil Pengujian Panel Unit Root dengan Software E-views 7.0 Perubahan Laba (Y)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: Y
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:19 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -6.23335 0.0000 7 35
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -1.38877 0.0825 7 35
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 24.0049 0.0458 7 35
PP - Fisher Chi-square 30.8095 0.0059 7 35
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: GPM
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:22 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -2.84215 0.0022 7 35
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -0.03118 0.4876 7 35
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 14.7217 0.3974 7 35
PP - Fisher Chi-square 17.9366 0.2097 7 35
1st Differencing Gross Profit Margin (∆GPM)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: D(GPM)
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:25 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -5.91207 0.0000 7 28
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -2.55361 0.0053 7 28
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 26.0058 0.0258 7 28
PP - Fisher Chi-square 25.0025 0.0345 7 28
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Net Profit Margin (NPM)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: NPM
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:26 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -1.52464 0.0637 7 35
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat 0.65849 0.7449 7 35
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 9.62253 0.7892 7 35
PP - Fisher Chi-square 8.45760 0.8642 7 35
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
1st Differencing Net Profit Margin (∆NPM)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: D(NPM)
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:28 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -5.53844 0.0000 7 28
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -3.33219 0.0004 7 28
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 30.9719 0.0056 7 28
PP - Fisher Chi-square 25.7878 0.0275 7 28
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Earning Power of Total Investment (EP)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: EP
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:28 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -5.32109 0.0000 7 35
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -0.87790 0.1900 7 35
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 19.9704 0.1311 7 35
PP - Fisher Chi-square 19.5613 0.1446 7 35
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
1st Differencing Earning Power of Total Investment (∆EP)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: D(EP)
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:29 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -11.3058 0.0000 7 28
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -3.82692 0.0001 7 28
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 33.1867 0.0027 7 28
PP - Fisher Chi-square 37.8310 0.0006 7 28
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Return on Equity (RoE)
Panel unit root test: Summary Series: ROE
Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:29 Sample: 2006 2011
Exogenous variables: Individual effects Automatic selection of maximum lags
Automatic lag length selection based on SIC: 0
Newey-West automatic bandwidth selection and Bartlett kernel Balanced observations for each test
Cross-
Method Statistic Prob.** sections Obs
Null: Unit root (assumes common unit root process)
Levin, Lin & Chu t* -5.01142 0.0000 7 35
Null: Unit root (assumes individual unit root process)
Im, Pesaran and Shin W-stat -1.33514 0.0909 7 35
ADF - Fisher Chi-square 23.9702 0.0462 7 35
PP - Fisher Chi-square 29.8229 0.0081 7 35
** Probabilities for Fisher tests are computed using an asymptotic Chi -square distribution. All other tests assume asymptotic normality.
Lampiran.4 Hasil Pengujian Causality Granger dengan Software E-views 7.0 Variabel 1st Differencing GPM dan Y
Pairwise Granger Causality Tests Date: 09/10/14 Time: 19:32 Sample: 2006 2011
Lags: 2
Null Hypothesis: Obs F-Statistic Prob.
DGPM does not Granger Cause Y 21 0.05090 0.9505
Y does not Granger Cause DGPM 41.5444 5.E-07