Achadiat CM. 2004. Prospek phytoestrogen dalam pengobatan menopause Anonim. 2000. Farmakope Obat Indonesia. Edisi I. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Jakarta.
Anonim. 2004. Phytoestrogen. http:www.herbalchem.net. [20 Okt 2004]. Anwar NS. 2001. Manfaat obat tradisional sebagai afrodisiak serta dampak positifnya untuk menjaga stamina. Makalah pada Seminar Setengah Hari “Menguak Manfaat Herbal bagi Vitalitas Seksual”. Jakarta. 13 Oktober 2001. hlm 8.
Artha, AT. 2007. Mengenal daya guna tanaman obat purwoceng.
Astuti S. 1999. Pengaruh tepung kedelai dan tempe dalam ransum terhadap fertilitas tikus percobaan (tesis). Bogor:Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Baker DEJ, Lindsey JR, Weisbroth SH. 1980. The laboratory rat. Volume 11 Research Applications. Academic Press Inc. London
Barnes S dan Kim H. 1998. Soy isofalvone, estrogens and growth factor signaling. The soy connection newslette vol 6.
Caropeboka AM, Lubis I. 1975. Pemeriksaan pendahuluan kandungan kimia akar Pimpinella alpina (Purwoceng). Prosiding Simposium Penelitian Tanaman Obat I. Bogor, 8 – 9 Desember 1975. Bogor: Bagian Farmakologi – Dept. Fisiologi dan Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan –IPB. Halaman 153 – 158.
Caropeboka AM, Iskandar dan Paridjo P. 1979. Pengaruh ekstrak akar Pimpinella alpina KDS terhadap reproduksi hewan. Bogor: Dept. Fifarm. FKH – IPB. Bogor.
Ganong WF. 1990. Review of medical physiology. Lange / Medical Publications.
Guyton, Ac dan Hall JE. 1997. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Ed ke-9. Irawati Setiawan, editor. Jakarta: EGC.
Frandson RD. 1986. Anatomy and physiology of farm animals. 4th Febiger. Philadelphia.
Ed. Lea & Hafez ESE. 2000. Reproduction in farm animals. Ed ke-7 Philadelphia:
Harborne JB. 1987. Metode fitokimia. Penuntun cara modern menganalisis Tumbuhan. Bandung: Penerbit ITB.
Harknes JE. Dan Wagner JE. 1989. The biology and medicine of rabbits and r ʳ Ed. Lea & Febiger. Philadelphia.
Harper HA, Rodel VW, Mayes PA. 1979. Riview of Physiological Chemistr. Martin Muliawan, penerjemah, Jakarta. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran.
Hidayati. 2003. Peran isoflavon untuk kesehatan reproduksi wanita. Cermin dunia Kedokteran 139.
Heyne K. 1987. Tumbuhan berguna Indonesia. Jilid III Cetakan ke-1. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan. Jakarta.
Jing L et al. 2011. Triptolide induces adverse effect on reproductive parameters of female Sprague Dawley rats. Drug & Chemical Toxicology Vol. 34 Issue 1, p1-7
Johnson M, Everitt B. 1984. Essential reproduction. 2nd edition. London dan Beccles: William Clowes Limited.
Johnston I. 2003. Phytochem Functional Foods. CRC Press Inc. Hal 66 – 68. Juniarto AZ. 2004. Perbedaan pengaruh pemberian ekstrak Eurycomalongifolia dan Pimpinella alpina pada spermatogenesis tikus Sprague Dawley (Tesis). Semarang: Universitas Dipenogoro, Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik.
Kage DN, Malashetty VB, Seetharam YN, Suresh P, Patil SB. 2009. Effect of ethanol extract of whole plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina L. on gonadotropins, ovarian follicular kinetics and estrous cycle for screening of antifertility activity in albino rats. Journal Morphology. 27 (1): 173-182.
Kayode AO, Uche CO, Baxter GD, Tolulope OO. 2007. Toxic effects of methanolic extract of Aspilia africana leaf on the estrous cycle and uterine
tissues of Wistar rats.
Kosin AM. 1992. Efek androgenik dan anabolik ekstrak akar Pimpinella alpina Molk.(purwoceng) terhadap anak ayam Jantan (Skripsi) Bogor: Universitas Pakuan, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Jurusan Biologi.
Malole. MBM dan Pramono CS. 1989 Penggunaan hewan-hewan percobaan laboratorium. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas Bioteknologi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Mc Donald. 1980. Veterinery Endocrinology and Reproduction. Ed ke-3. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia.
McLaclahan JA. 1975. Reproductive tract lesion in male mice exposed prenatally to dietilstilbestrol. Science dec 5 : 190 (4281) 991 -2.
Nalbandov AV. 1990. Fisiologi reproduksi pada mamalia dan unggas. S Keman, penerjemah. Jakarta: UI Press.
Okoko IE et al. 2008. Effects of methanolic extract of Abrus precatorius Linn. seeds on estrous cycle, ovulation and body weight of adult cyclic Sprague Dawley rats. Journal of Endocrinology. 4 (2): 1-1.
Perry LM, Y. Metzger. 1980. Medical plants of east and southeast asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. The MIT Press.Cambridge, England. Pineda MH. 1989. Female reproductive system. Di dalam: Mc Donald, editor. Veterinery Endocrinology and Reproduction. Ed. Ke-4. Lea & Febiger. London. Hlm 303 – 354.
Rahardjo M, Wahyuni S, Trisilawati O, Djauhariya E. 2005. Ciri
agronomis, mutu, dan lingkungan tumbuh tanaman obat langka purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia XXVIII – Bogor, 15 -16 September 2005.
Rostiana O et al. 2003. Eksplorasi potensi purwoceng dan cabe jawa serta perbaikan potensi genetik menunjang industri obat tradisional afrodisiak. Laporan Teknis Penelitian Penguasaan Teknologi tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Tahun 2003/2004. Bogor:Balittro.
Sidik, Sasongko, Kurnia E dan Ursula. 1985. Usaha isolasi turunan kumarin akar purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk.) asal dataran tinggi Dieng. Prosiding Penelitian Tanaman Obat I. Bogor.
Sjamsuhidayat SS , Johnny RH. 1991. Inventaris tanaman obat I. Badan Litbangkes Departemen Kesehatan. Jakarta.
Smith JB, Mangko ewidjojo S. 1987. The Care, breeding and
management of experimental animals for researsch in the tropics International Development Program of Australia Universities and College (IDP). Canberra.
Soewondo D. 1990. Fisiologi kelenjar endokrin vol.1. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Pusat Antar Universitas Ilmu Hayat. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH. 1989. Prinsip dan prosedur statistik. B. Sumantri, penerjemah. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Taufiqqurrachman. 1999. Pengaruh ekstrak Pimpinella alpina Molk. (purwoceng) dan akar Eurycoma longifolia Jack. (pasak bumi) terhadap peningkatan kadar testosteron, lh dan fsh serta perbedaan peningkatannya pada tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Tesis. Pascasarjana Ilmu Biomedik Universitas Dipenogoro. Semarang. Halaman 119.
Taufiqqurrachman dan Wibowo. 2006. Effect of purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina) Extract in stimulating testosterone, luteinizing Hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in Sprague Dawley male rats.
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia XXVIII : Bogor, 15 - 16 Sept 2006. Bogor: Balittro – POKJANAS. Direktorat Tanaman Sayuran dan Biofarmaka. Hal 62 – 71.
Toelihere MR. 1981. Fisiologi reproduksi pada ternak. Penerbit Angkasa. Bandung.
Tsourounis C. 2004. Clinical effects of fitoestrogens. Clinical Obstetrict and Gynecology. 44 (4): 836-42.
Yuhono JT. 2004. Usaha tani purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.), potensi, peluang, dan masalah pengembangannya. Bul. Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. 15(1): 25- 32.
Lampiran 2. Analisis Variansi Pencekokan Proestrus
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Pencekokan proestrus
T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 09:40:48
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 12
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.016
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.114
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Proestrus 12 15.0000 4.78634 1.38170
Estrus 12 16.5000 5.79184 1.67196
Metestrus 12 22.0000 2.95420 .85280
\T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
Proestrus 10.856 11 .000 15.00000 11.9589 18.0411
Estrus 9.869 11 .000 16.50000 12.8200 20.1800
Metestrus 25.797 11 .000 22.00000 20.1230 23.8770
Diestrus 32.413 11 .000 67.00000 62.4504 71.5496
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 09:56:40
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 12
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.000
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.031
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
proestrus 16.583 11 .000 15.00000 13.0091 16.9909
estrus 11.663 11 .000 19.50000 15.8200 23.1800
metestrus 17.983 11 .000 21.00000 18.4298 23.5702
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 12 15.0000 3.13340 .90453
estrus 12 19.5000 5.79184 1.67196
Lampiran 3. Analisis variansi pencekokkan estrus T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 09:56:58
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 12
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.000
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.025
[DataSet0]
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 12 15.0000 3.13340 .90453
estrus 12 19.5000 5.79184 1.67196
metestrus 12 21.0000 4.04520 1.16775
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
proestrus 16.583 11 .000 15.00000 13.0091 16.9909
estrus 11.663 11 .000 19.50000 15.8200 23.1800
metestrus 17.983 11 .000 21.00000 18.4298 23.5702
Lampiran 4. Analisis variansi pencekokan metestrus T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 10:19:26
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 12
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.015
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.018
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 12 13.5000 2.71360 .78335 estrus 12 14.5000 3.08957 .89188 metestrus 12 26.0000 2.95420 .85280 diestrus 12 66.0000 5.11682 1.47710 One-Sample Test Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
proestrus 17.234 11 .000 13.50000 11.7759 15.2241
estrus 16.258 11 .000 14.50000 12.5370 16.4630
metestrus 30.488 11 .000 26.00000 24.1230 27.8770
Lampiran 5. Analisis variansi pencekokan diestrus
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 10:36:42
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 12
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.031
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.044
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 12 12.0000 .00000a .00000
estrus 12 15.0000 3.13340 .90453
metestrus 12 26.5000 3.08957 .89188
diestrus 12 66.0000 5.11682 1.47710
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
estrus 16.583 11 .000 15.00000 13.0091 16.9909
metestrus 29.712 11 .000 26.50000 24.5370 28.4630
Lampiran 6. Analisis variansi pencekokan dihentikan (PROESTRUS)
T-TEST /TESTVAL=95 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 11:00:24
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 12
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=95
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.016
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.024
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 6 12.0000 .00000a .00000
estrus 6 14.0000 4.89898 2.00000
metestrus 6 22.0000 3.09839 1.26491
diestrus 6 63.0000 7.34847 3.00000
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 95
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
estrus -40.500 5 .000 -81.00000 -86.1412 -75.8588
metestrus -57.712 5 .000 -73.00000 -76.2516 -69.7484
Lampiran 7. Analisis variansi pencekokan dihentikan (ESTRUS)
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 11:12:22
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 6
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.016
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.024
[DataSet0]
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 6 12.0000 .00000a .00000
estrus 6 18.0000 3.79473 1.54919
metestrus 6 20.0000 4.89898 2.00000
diestrus 6 63.0000 9.09945 3.71484
a. t cannot be computed because the standard deviation is 0.
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
estrus 11.619 5 .000 18.00000 14.0177 21.9823
metestrus 10.000 5 .000 20.00000 14.8588 25.1412
Lampiran 8. Analisis variansi pencekokan dihentikan (METESTRUS)
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 11:20:55
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 6
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.016
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.101
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 6 12.0000 .00000a .00000
estrus 6 13.0000 2.44949 1.00000
metestrus 6 25.0000 2.44949 1.00000
diestrus 6 63.0000 9.09945 3.71484
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
estrus 13.000 5 .000 13.00000 10.4294 15.5706
metestrus 25.000 5 .000 25.00000 22.4294 27.5706
Lampiran 9. Analisis variansi pencekokan dihentikan (DIESTRUS)
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
T-Test
[DataSet0]
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
proestrus 6 12.0000 .00000a .00000
estrus 6 13.0000 2.44949 1.00000
metestrus 6 24.0000 3.79473 1.54919
diestrus 6 63.0000 5.01996 2.04939
a. t cannot be computed because the standard deviation is 0. Notes
Output Created 27-Jan-2011 11:29:13
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 6
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST
/TESTVAL=0
/MISSING=ANALYSIS
/VARIABLES=proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
/CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.015
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
estrus 13.000 5 .000 13.00000 10.4294 15.5706
metestrus 15.492 5 .000 24.00000 20.0177 27.9823
Lampiran 10. Analisis variansi ovarium
T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=PROESTRUS ESTRUS METESTRUS DIESTRUS /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Notes
Output Created 28-Jan-2011 10:45:08
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in Working Data File 6
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing User defined missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each analysis are based on the
cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax T-TEST /TESTVAL=0 /MISSING=ANALYSIS /VARIABLES=PROESTRUS ESTRUS METESTRUS DIESTRUS /CRITERIA=CI(.95).
Resources Processor Time 0:00:00.000
Elapsed Time 0:00:00.039
[DataSet0]
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
PROESTRUS 6 .0983 .00753 .00307
ESTRUS 6 .1000 .01897 .00775
METESTRUS 6 .0800 .00632 .00258
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper
PROESTRUS 31.997 5 .000 .09833 .0904 .1062
ESTRUS 12.910 5 .000 .10000 .0801 .1199
METESTRUS 30.984 5 .000 .08000 .0734 .0866