DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Saran

Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait optimasi media dan waktu fermentasi isolat BH2 dalam menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri dan meneliti terkait mekanisme kerja dari senyawa antibakteri tersebut dalam menghambat bakteri uji.

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Lampiran 1 Bagan alir penelitian

Isolasi Bakteri Endofit

Isolat Bakteri Endofit Peremajaan Bakteri Uji

dan Bakteri Endofit Isolat Bakteri UJi

Penapisan Aktivitas Antibakteri Bakteri Endofit Isolat Potensial Identifikasi Biokimia Identifikasi 16S rRNA Spesies Bakteri Endofit Fermentasi Sentrifugasi Supernatan ^Pelet Ekstraksi Ekstrak Fraksi Teraktif Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Identifikasi GC-MS Senyawa antibakteri Tumbuhan Nyawai

25 Lampiran 3 Data morfologi seluruh isolat bakteri endofit dari tumbuhan nyawai

Kode Morfologi

Isolat Warna Bentuk Elevasi Pinggiran ^Tekstur

Permukaan

1 AR11 kuning bundar timbul bergerigi halus

2 AR12 putih tulang tidak beraturan timbul rata halus 3 AR13 putih transparan tidak beraturan datar rata halus 4 AR21 putih tulang tidak beraturan cembung berbenang kering 5 AR22 putih tulang tidak beraturan datar rata halus

6 AR31 krem tidak beraturan datar rata halus

7 AR32 putih susu bundar cembung berombak halus

8 AR33 putih transparan tidak beraturan datar rata halus

9 BT11 putih tulang bundar timbul rata halus

10 BT12 krem bundar timbul rata halus

11 BT13 putih transparan bundar timbul rata halus

12 BT14 kuning bundar datar rata halus

13 BT15 putih tulang bundar datar rata halus

14 BT16 putih susu tidak beraturan cembung berombak halus 15 BT21 putih susu tidak beraturan datar rata halus 16 BT22 merah muda tidak beraturan datar rata halus

17 DN11 krem bundar timbul berombak halus

18 DN12 putih tulang tidak beraturan timbul bergerigi halus 19 DN13 putih tulang tidak beraturan cembung berbenang kering

20 DN14 kuning bundar timbul bergerigi halus

21 DN15 putih tulang tidak beraturan timbul bergerigi halus 22 DN21 putih tulang tidak beraturan cembung berombak halus

23 DN22 putih susu bundar timbul berombak halus

24 DN23 putih tulang tidak beraturan cembung bergerigi halus 25 DN24 putih transparan tidak beraturan datar rata halus 26 DN3 putih tulang tidak beraturan cembung bergerigi halus 27 BH1 putih susu tidak beraturan timbul bergerigi halus

28 BH2 krem bundar timbul rata halus

Lampiran 4 Aktivitas antibakteri isolat bakteri endofit dari tumbuhan nyawai

Keterangan : (-) : tidak menghambat; (+): menghambat < 2 mm; (++): < 5 mm; (+++) : > 10 mm; BS: Bacillus subtilis; SA: Staphylococcus aureus; PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; EC:

Escherichia coli

Isolat ^{Bakteri Uji}

BS SA EC PA AR11 _- _- _- _- AR12 _- _- _- _- AR13 _- _- _- _- AR21 _- _- _- _- AR22 _- _- _- _- AR31 _- _- _- _- AR32 _- _- _- _- AR33 _- _- _- _- BT11 _- _- _- _- BT12 ₊ _- ₊ ₊ BT13 _- _- _- _- BT14 _- _- _- _- BT15 _- _- _- _- BT16 _- _- _- _- BT21 _- _- _- _- BT22 _- _- _- _- DN11 ₊ ₊ _- _- DN12 _- ₊₊ ₊₊ _- DN13 + ++ - - DN14 _- ₊ ₊₊ _- DN15 _- + ++ - DN21 _- _- _- _- DN22 _- _- _- _- DN23 _- _- _- _- DN24 _- _- _- _- DN3 _- _- _- _- BH1 _- _- _- _- BH2 ₊₊₊ ₊₊₊ ₊ ₊₊ BH3 _- _- _- _-

27 Lampiran 5 Hasil sekuensing gen 16S rRNA bakteri endofit isolat BH2

29 Lampiran 6 Sekuen 16S rRNA isolat BH2 hasil pensejajaran

Lampiran 7 Hasil penelusuran homologi sekuen gen 16S rRNA dari bakteri endofit isolat BH2dengan sekuen pada Genbank

>gb|KF322024.1| Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SV1 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

Length=1501

Score = 2689 bits (1456), Expect = 0.0

Identities = 1461/1463 (99%), Gaps = 2/1463 (0%) Strand=Plus/Plus Query 3 TCAGATT-AACGCTGGCGGCAGGCCTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGCGGATGAAGGGAGCTTG 61 ||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 4 TCAGATTGAACGCTGGCGGCAGGCCTAACACATGCAAGTCGAGCGGATGAAGGGAGCTTG 63 Query 62 CTCCTGGATTCAGCGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAATGCCTAGGAATCTGCCTGGTAGTGGGGGA 121 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 64 CTCCTGGATTCAGCGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAATGCCTAGGAATCTGCCTGGTAGTGGGGGA 123 Query 122 TAACGTCCGGAAACGGGCGCTAATACCGCATACGTCCTGAGGGAGAAAGTGGGGGATCTT 181 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 124 TAACGTCCGGAAACGGGCGCTAATACCGCATACGTCCTGAGGGAGAAAGTGGGGGATCTT 183 Query 182 CGGACCTCACGCTATCAGATGAGCCTAGGTCGGATTAGCTAGTTGGTGGGGTAAAGGCCT 241 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 184 CGGACCTCACGCTATCAGATGAGCCTAGGTCGGATTAGCTAGTTGGTGGGGTAAAGGCCT 243 Query 242 ACCAAGGCGACGATCCGTAACTGGTCTGAGAGGATGATCAGTCACACTGGAACTGAGACA 301 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 244 ACCAAGGCGACGATCCGTAACTGGTCTGAGAGGATGATCAGTCACACTGGAACTGAGACA 303 Query 302 CGGTCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGGACAATGGGCGAAAGCCTGA 361 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 304 CGGTCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGGACAATGGGCGAAAGCCTGA 363 Query 362 TCCAGCCATGCCGCGTGTGTGAAGAAGGTCTTCGGATTGTAAAGCACTTTAAGTTGGGAG 421 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 364 TCCAGCCATGCCGCGTGTGTGAAGAAGGTCTTCGGATTGTAAAGCACTTTAAGTTGGGAG 423 Query 422 GAAGGGCAGTAAGTTAATACCTTGCTGTTTTGACGTTACCAACAGAATAAGCACCGGCTA 481 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 424 GAAGGGCAGTAAGTTAATACCTTGCTGTTTTGACGTTACCAACAGAATAAGCACCGGCTA 483 Query 482 ACTTCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGAAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGC 541 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 484 ACTTCGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGAAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGC 543 Query 542 GTAAAGCGCGCGTAGGTGGTTCAGCAAGTTGGATGTGAAATCCCCGGGCTCAACCTGGGA 601 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 544 GTAAAGCGCGCGTAGGTGGTTCAGCAAGTTGGATGTGAAATCCCCGGGCTCAACCTGGGA 603 Query 602 ACTGCATCCAAAACTACTGAGCTAGAGTACGGTAGAGGGTGGTGGAATTTCCTGTGTAGC 661 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 604 ACTGCATCCAAAACTACTGAGCTAGAGTACGGTAGAGGGTGGTGGAATTTCCTGTGTAGC 663 Query 662 GGTGAAATGCGTAGATATAGGAAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACCACCTGGACTGATA 721 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 664 GGTGAAATGCGTAGATATAGGAAGGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGACCACCTGGACTGATA 723 Query 722 CTGACACTGAGGTGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACG 781 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 724 CTGACACTGAGGTGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACG 783 Query 782 CCGTAAACGATGTCGACTAGCCGTTGGGATCCTTGAGATCTTAGTGGCGCAGCTAACGCG 841 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 784 CCGTAAACGATGTCGACTAGCCGTTGGGATCCTTGAGATCTTAGTGGCGCAGCTAACGCG 843

31 Query 842 ATAAGTCGACCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGTTAAAACTCAAATGAATTGACGGGGG 901 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 844 ATAAGTCGACCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGTTAAAACTCAAATGAATTGACGGGGG 903 Query 902 CCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCTGGC 961 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 904 CCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCTGGC 963 Query 962 CTTGACATGCTGAGAACTTTCCAGAGATGGATTGGTGCCTTCGGGAACTCAGACACAGGT 1021 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 964 CTTGACATGCTGAGAACTTTCCAGAGATGGATTGGTGCCTTCGGGAACTCAGACACAGGT 1023 Query 1022 GCTGCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGTAACGAGCGC 1081 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1024 GCTGCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGTAACGAGCGC 1083 Query 1082 AACCCTTGTCCTTAGTTACCAGCACCTCGGGTGGGCACTCTAAGGAGACTGCCGGTGACA 1141 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1084 AACCCTTGTCCTTAGTTACCAGCACCTCGGGTGGGCACTCTAAGGAGACTGCCGGTGACA 1143 Query 1142 AACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAGTCATCATGGCCCTTACGGCCAGGGCTACACA 1201 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1144 AACCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAGTCATCATGGCCCTTACGGCCAGGGCTACACA 1203 Query 1202 CGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAAAGGGTTGCCAAGCCGCGAGGTGGAGCTAATCCCATAAA 1261 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1204 CGTGCTACAATGGTCGGTACAAAGGGTTGCCAAGCCGCGAGGTGGAGCTAATCCCATAAA 1263 Query 1262 ACCGATCGTAGTCCGGATCGCAGTCTGCAACTCGACTGCGTGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTA 1321 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1264 ACCGATCGTAGTCCGGATCGCAGTCTGCAACTCGACTGCGTGAAGTCGGAATCGCTAGTA 1323 Query 1322 ATCGTGAATCAGAATGTCACGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAC 1381 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1324 ATCGTGAATCAGAATGTCACGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCAC 1383 Query 1382 ACCATGGGGAGTGGGTTGCTCCAGAAGTAGCTAGTCTAACCGCAAGGGGG-ACGGTTACC 1440 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||| Sbjct 1384 ACCATGGGGAGTGGGTTGCTCCAGAAGTAGCTAGTCTAACCGCAAGGGGGGACGGTTACC 1443 Query 1441 ACGGAGTGATTCATGACTGGGTG 1463 ||||||||||||||||||||||| Sbjct 1444 ACGGAGTGATTCATGACTGGGTG 1466

Lampiran 8 Kromatogram hasil identifikasi senyawa ekstrak etil asetat isolat BH2

Chromatogram Kode BH2 C:\GCMSsolution\Data\Project1\Kode BH2.QGD

Peak R.Time 1 4.333 2 4.490 3 4.527 4 13.444 5 13.904 6 18.078 7 18.833 8 18.926 9 19.556 10 20.242 11 20.369 12 20.428 13 20.501 14 20.708 15 20.877 16 20.911 17 21.019 18 21.116 19 21.411 20 21.593 21 21.733 22 21.858 23 21.892 24 22.307 25 23.079 26 23.561 27 23.926 28 25.110 29 26.005 30 26.597 Area 79137714 990057255 131923273 18443595 6500339 5102406 8730538 4445263 20337373 13579921 10798462 9154848 11461827 16778370 37208411 42764756 10139208 5086400 6576033 29982686 19423157 19828151 13935816 43452962 7183713 7536702 29378455 7622190 27619823 10551275 2357000922

Peak Report TIC Conc% Name

33.58 C5H8D2O2

42.00 Nonanoic acid, ethyl ester (CAS) Ethyl nonanoate

5.60 1-BROMO-2,2-DICHLORO-ETHANE

0.78 Undecane, 2,6-dimethyl- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethylundecane 0.28 Dodecane (CAS) n-Dodecane

0.22 Tetradecane (CAS) n-Tetradecane

0.37 Heptadecane (CAS) n-Heptadecane

0.19 Docosane (CAS) n-Docosane

0.86 Octadecane (CAS) n-Octadecane

0.58 Octadecane (CAS) n-Octadecane

0.46 Hexamethyl-pyranoindane

0.39 Octadecane (CAS) n-Octadecane

0.49 Tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl lignocerate 0.71 Octadecane (CAS) n-Octadecane

1.58 Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) Palmitic acid 1.81 Eicosane (CAS) n-Eicosane

0.43 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (CAS) 0.22 Hexadecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester (CAS) Isopal 0.28 Hexadecane, 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl- (CAS) Phytane

1.27 Docosane (CAS) n-Docosane

0.82 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl oleate

0.84 Nonahexacontanoic acid, methyl ester (CAS)

0.59 Nonacosane (CAS) n-Nonacosane 1.84 Docosane (CAS) n-Docosane 0.30 Tricosane (CAS) n-Tricosane 0.32 Octadecane (CAS) n-Octadecane

1.25 TRIACONTANE, 1,30-DIBROMO- 0.32 PALMITIC ACID, N-OCTYL ESTER

1.17 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (CAS)

0.45 Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane 100.00

Dalam dokumen Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Tumbuhan Nyawai (Ficus Variegata Blume) Serta Analisis Senyawa Antibakteri. (Halaman 29-45)