KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akkaya T, Ozkan D, 2009. Chronic post-surgical pain. AGRI ; 21(1) : 1-9
Aryana IGP Suka dan Biran Sjaiful I. 2006. Konsep Baru Kortikosteroid Pada Penanganan Sepsis. Denpasar. Bagian/SMF Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK UNUD/RS Sanglah.
Baratawidjaja KG, 2006. Sitokin. In: Imunologi Dasar, Edisi VII. Balai Penerbit FKUI, Jakarta. pp: 119-38.
Buvanendran A, Kroin JS. 2010. Does Manipulating Local Surgical Wound Cytokines Improve Surgical Outcomes? Anesthesia-analgesia. Vol. 111. No. 6
Crawley G.C., Foster S.J, Mcmillan R.M. & Walker E.R.H. 1995. Discovery of ZD2138, a potent, Selective, Well-Tolerated, Nonredox Inhibitor of The Enzime 5-Lipoxygenase. The Search for Anti-Inflammatory Drudgs.
Abstr. pp 191-231.
El-Tahan, M. R. Warda O. M, Yasseen A. M, Attallah M. M. and Matterx M. K. 2007. A randomized study of the effects of preoperative ketorolac on general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Departments of *Anaesthesia and Surgical ICU, Obstetric and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 16, 214–220
Ganiswara S. 2000. Analgetik-antipiretik analgetik anti-inflamasi nonsterois dan obat pirai In: Farmakologi dan terapi, edisi 4 cetak ulang. Bagian Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Hal 207-233. Gupta P, Khanna J, Mitramustafi A K and Bhartia V. K. 2006. Role of
pre-operative dexamethasone as prophylaxis for postpre-operative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic surgery J Minim Access Surg. 2(1): 12–15 Hong Jeong-Yeon. 2005. The Effect of Preoperative Ketorolac on WBC Response
and Pain in Laparoscopic Surgery for Endometriosis. Yonsei Medical Journal. Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 812 - 817
Kumaraswamy M.V. and. Satish S.2008. Antioxidant and Anti-Lipoxygenase Activity of Thespesia lampas Dalz & Gibs. Department of Studies in Microbiology, Herbal Drug Technology Laboratory University of Mysore, Mysore. Advances in Biological Research 2 (3-4): 56-59.
Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf C. 2006. Persistent Postsurgical Pain: Risk Factor and Prevention. Lancet, 367: 1618-25 commit to user
74
Lalenoh HJ, Lalenoh DC. 2009. Pregabalin dan Gabapentin sebagai Analgesia Preemptif. Majalah Anesthesia & Critical Care. Vol. 27:3.
Madsen J. Rask, Bukhave K., Laursen L.S. & Lauritsen K. 1992. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Abstr. Volume 36, Issue 3-4, pp C37-C46.
Mansjoer Soewarni. 2003. Mekanisme Kerja Obat Antiradang. Bagian Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatra Utara.
Marsaban AHε, Bagianto H, εa’as Eε. 2009. Mekanisme dan Fisiologi Nyeri. In: Panduan Tatalaksana Nyeri Perioperatif. Departemen Anestesiologi FKUI, Jakarta. pp: 1-24.
Merskey H and Bogduk N. 1994. Classification of Chronic Pain, Second Edition.IASP Press, Seattle, pp 209-214
Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ. 2006. Paint Management. In: Clinical Anesthesiology. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. pp: 359-412.
Murti B. 2010. Desain dan ukuran sampel untuk penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif di bidang kesehatan. Edisi ke-2 Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Murphy Glenn S., Szokol Joseph W, Greenberg Steven B, Avram Michael J, Vender Jeffery S, Nisman Margarita and Vaughn Jessica. 2011. Preoperative Dexamethasone Enhances Quality of Recovery after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Effect on In-hospital and Postdischarge Recovery Outcomes. Anesthesiology Perioperative Medicine Volume 114 - Issue 4 - pp 882-890
Mycek, M.J., Harvey, R.A., dan Champe C.C. (2001). Farmakologi Ulasan Bergambar. Lippincot’s Illustrated Reviews: Farmacology. Penerjemah Azwar Agoes. Edisi II. Jakarta. Widya Medika. Halaman 259.
Nigrovic P, Lee DM. 2013. Mast Cells. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, εcInnes εB, O’Dell JR (eds.), Kelleys Texbook of Rheumatology, Nine Edition. Elsevier Inc. pp. 232-44.
Niraj G, Rowbotham D. 2011. Persistent Postoperative Pain: Where Are We Now?. British Journal of Anesthesia. 107(1): 25-9.
Prasetyono TOH, 2009. General Concept of Wound Healing, Revisited. Med J Indonesia. Vol. 18, no. 3.
75
Ren K, Dubner R. 2010. Interactions Between the immune And nervous Systems in Pain. Nat Med. 16(11): 1267-1276
Rittner HL, Brack A, Stein C. 2008. Pain and The Immune System. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 101:40–44
Sayed M. H. Al-Habet & Howard J. Rogers. 1989. Methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration. London. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School (University of London) Br. J. clin. Pharmac. 27, 285-290.
Smyth Emer M & Fitzgerald Garret A. 2012. Golongan Eikosanoid: Prostaglandin, Tromboksan, Leukotrien dan Senyawa Sejenis In:Katzung Farmakologi dasar dan klinik. Jakarta. EGC. Hal. 298-313
Sudrajad I, 2006. Perbandingan dan Hubungan Skor Histologi CD8+ dan Rasio Skor Histologi CD4+ di Sekitar Luka dengan dan tanpa Infiltrasi Levobupivakain pada Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Incisi. Tesis S2, Universitas Dionegoro, Semarang.
Thacker, MA, Clark AK, Marchand F, McMahon SB. 2007. Pathophysiology of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Immune Cells And Molecules. Anesth Analg. 105:838–847
Tillu D, Melemedjian O, Asiedu MN, Qu N, Felice MD, Dussor G, Price TJ. 2012. Resveratrol Engage AMPK to Attenuate ERK and mTOR Signaling in Sensory Neurons and Inhibits Incision-induced Acut and Chronic Pain. Molecular Pain, 8: 5
Tshori S, Razin E. 2010. Mast Cell Degranulation and Calcium Entry-the Fyn-Calcium Store Connection. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 88: 837-838 Waldron N. H., Jones C. A., Gan T. J. , Allen T. K. and. Hab A. S. 2012. Impact
of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesi and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 10.1093 Page 1-10
Yasuda M, Kido K, Ohtani N, Masaki E. 2013. Mast Cell Stabilization Promotes Antinociceptive Effect, in A Mouse Model of Postoperative Pain.
Journal of Pain Research. 3: 6, 161-6.
Young-Sun Do, Soon EJ, Namgoong MK. 2009. Effects of Ketotifen on an Experimental Model of Ig Nephropathy. J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol. 13(2):153-160
76 Lampiran 1
Surat Pernyataan Persetujuan (Informed Consent)
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini :
Nama : ……… δ / P
Umur : …………. tahun
No CM : ……….
Alamat : ……….
Dengan ini menyetujui / bersedia sebagai responden dalam penelitian ”Pengaruh Pemberian Ketotifen Terhadap Kadar Interleukin 6 Serum dan Skor Nyeri Pada Operasi Mastektomi”.. Dan Bahwa saya telah
mendapatkan penjelasan sebelumnya tentang manfaat dari penelitian dan efek samping dari obat-obatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.
Surakarta,……….. β014
Penanggung jawab Saksi Pasien
Dedhi Subandriyo, dr (………) (………..)
77 Lampiran 2
Formulir dan Check List Penelitian
“ Pengaruh Pemberian Ketotifen Terhadap Kadar IL 6 Serum Pada Operasi
Mastektomi” No. Sampel ( D1/D2 ) : ………….... Tanggal : ……… No. RM : ………….... Nama : ………. δ/P Umur : ………tahun Tinggi badan : ……… cm Berat badan : …………....kg
Status fisik : ASA I / II
Skor VAS : ……..
Tanggal pengambilan sampel : ……….
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) commit to user
78
Lampiran 3 : Hasil Penelitian dan Analisis Statistik UJI NORMALITAS DATA RESPONDEN
Tests of Normality
Kelompok
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic Df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Umur Perlakuan .110 15 .200* .954 15 .594 Kontrol .151 15 .200* .890 15 .068 TB Perlakuan .222 15 .046 .915 15 .163 Kontrol .174 15 .200* .921 15 .201 BB Perlakuan .180 15 .200* .929 15 .261 Kontrol .195 15 .130 .955 15 .599
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
79
UJI NORMALITAS DATA PERUBAHAN IL6 DAN VAS
Tests of Normality
Kelompok
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic Df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
IL6 Perlakuan .142 15 .200* .951 15 .538
Kontrol .146 15 .200* .940 15 .378
VAS Perlakuan .337 15 .000 .807 15 .005
Kontrol .258 15 .008 .882 15 .050
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
UJI NORMALITAS DATA IL 6 SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PERLAKUAN
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic Df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
IL6_K1_sblm .275 15 .003 .741 15 .001
IL6_K1_ssdh .179 15 .200* .956 15 .625
IL6_K2_sblm .408 15 .000 .467 15 .000
IL6_K2_ssdh .223 15 .042 .899 15 .091
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
80
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic Df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
VAS_K1_sblm .419 15 .000 .603 15 .000
VAS_K1_ssdh .352 15 .000 .805 15 .004
VAS_K2_sblm .350 15 .000 .643 15 .000
VAS_K2_ssdh .297 15 .001 .865 15 .028
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
DATA RESPONDEN