• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Saran

Standar mikrobiologi pangan di Indonesia perlu perbaikan struktur standar dan perlu dilakukan kajian untuk jenis pangan lainnya. Diperlukan data cemaran mikroba yang digunakan dalam pengkajian dan penyusunan kriteria mikrobiologi pangan sehingga diharapkan Peraturan Cemaran Mikroba BPOM dan SNI memiliki keberterimaan yang tinggi dan dapat meningkatkan keyakinan atas jaminan keamanan pangan.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Allen MJ, Edberg SC, Reasoner DJ. 2004. Heterotrophic Plate Count Bacteria— What is Their Significance in Drinking Water? J Food Microbiol. 92(3): 265-274. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.08.010.

Andre S, Zuber F, Remize F. 2013. Thermophilic Spore-Forming Bacteria Isolated from Spoiled Canned Food and Their Heat Resistance. Results of a French Ten-year Survey. Int J Food Microbiol. 165(2):134–143. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.019.

[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI. 2006. Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.00.06.1.52.4040tentang Kategori Pangan. Jakarta: Badan POM RI. [BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI. 2009. Peraturan Kepala Badan

Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.00.06.1.52.4011 tentang Penetapan Batas Maksimum Cemaran Mikroba dan Kimia Dalam Makanan. Jakarta: Badan POM RI.

[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI. 2013. Database Registrasi. www.pom.go.id . 14 Oktober 2013.

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional RI. 1992. SNI 01-2897-1992 tentang Cara Uji Cemaran Mikroba. Jakarta: BSN RI.

36

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional RI. 2000. SNI 01-6242-2000 tentang Air Mineral Alami. Jakarta: BSN RI.

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional RI. 2006a. SNI 01-3553-2006 tentang Air Minum dalam Kemasan. Jakarta: BSN RI.

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional RI. 2006b. SNI 01-3554-2006 tentang Cara Uji Air Minum dalam Kemasan. Jakarta: BSN RI.

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional RI. 2007. Pedoman Standardisasi Nasional Nomor 08. Jakarta: BSN RI.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 1969. Recommended International Code of Practice-General Principles of Food Hygiene, CAC/RCP 1-1969. Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 1979. Code of Hygienic Practice For Low and Acidified Low Acid Canned Foods. CAC/RCP 23-1979. Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 1993. Code of Hygienic Practice for Low And Acidified Low Acid Canned Foods, CAC/RCP 23-1979. Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 1997. Principles for The Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods, CAC/GL 21-1997. Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2009a. Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Ochratoxin A Contamination in Coffee, CAC/RCP 69-2009. Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2009b. Code of Hygienic Practice for Powdered Formulae for Infants and Young Children, CAC/RCP 66 – 2008.Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2011. Code of Hygienic Practice for Collecting, Processing and Marketing of Natural Mineral Waters. CAC/RCP 33-1985. Rome: CAC.

[CAC] Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2012. Report of The Forty-Fourth Session of The Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (REP13/FH, 2012). Rome: CAC.

Cho KH, Han D, Park Y, Lee SW, Cha SM, Kang JH, Kim JH. 2010. Evaluation of The Relationship Between Two Different Methods for Enumeration Fecal Indicator Bacteria: Colony-Forming Unit And Most Probable. J Environ Sci. 22(6): 846-850. doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60187-X.

Clifford, MN. 1985. Chemical and Physical Aspects of Green Coffee and Coffee Products. di dalam. Coffee: Botany, Biochemistry, and Production of Beans and Beverage. Ed. MN Clifford dan KC Willson. Croom Helm Ltd. London. 013.

Falcone-Dias, Filho AF. 2013. Quantitative Variations in Heterotrophic Plate Count and in The Presence of Indicator Microorganisms in Bottled Mineral Water. J Food Cont. 31(1): 90-96. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.038. [FDA] Food and Drug Administration. 2013. Guidance for Commercial

Processors of Acidified & Low-Acid Canned Foods.

http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulat oryInformation/AcidifiedLACF/default.htm. 28 Oktober 2013.

37 Hammes F, Meylan S, Salhi E, Köster O, Egli T, Gunten UV. 2007. Formation of Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) and Specific Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Fractions during Ozonation of Phytoplankton. J Water Res, 41(7): 1447-1454. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.001.

[ICMSF] International Commission on Microbiological Specification. 2011. Micro-organisms In Foods 8. Use of Data for Assessing Process Control and Product Acceptance. London. Springer.

[ICMSF] International Commission on Microbiological Specification. 1986. Microorganisms in Foods 2. Sampling for Microbiological Analysis: Principles and Specific Applications. 2nd Ed. Toronto.University of Toronto Press.

[ISO] International Standard Organization. ISO/TR/13843 tentang Water quality- Guidance on Validation of Microbiological.

[ISO] International Standards Organization. 6222:1999 (1999). Water Quality – Enumeration of Culturable Microorganisms – Colony Count by Inoculation in a Nutrient Agar Culture Medium. Geneva.

Jeena MI, Deepa P, Rahiman KMP, Shanthi RT, Hatha AAM. 2006. Risk Assessment of Heterotrophic Bacteria from Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Indian Markets. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 209(2): 191-196. Doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.11.003.

[JEMRA] Joint FAO/WHO Export Meetings on Microbiological Risk Assesment. 2013. Microbiological Sampling Analysis Tool. www.fstool.org/sampling/ [KEMENDIKNAS] Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional. 2008. Kamus Besar

Bahasa Indonesia. http://bahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php

[Kemenperin] Kementerian Perindustrian. 2011. Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Republik Indonesia No. 96/M-IND/PER/12/2011 tentang Persyaratan Teknis Industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan. Jakarta: Kemenperin RI. [Kemenperin] Kementerian Perindustrian. 2012. Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian

No. 49.M-IND/PER/3/2012 tentang Pemberlakuan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Secara Wajib. Jakarta: Kemenperin.

Marcone MF. 2005. Composition and Properties of Indonesian Palm Civet Coffee (Kopi Luwak) and Ethiopian Civet Coffee. Food Res Int. 38(2): 233. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.10.001.

Masoud W, Jespersen L. 2006. Pectin Degrading Enzymes in Yeasts Involved in Fermentation of Coffea arabica in East Africa. Int J Food Microbiol. 110(3): 291-296. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.030.

Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 102 tahun 2000 tentang Standardisasi Nasional. Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 28 tahun 2004 tentang Keamanan Mutu dan Gizi

Pangan.

Hariyadi, P. 2008. The Food-Canning Industry in Indonesia: Need for Safety Assurance Regulation and Quality Optimisation. Food Manufacturing Efficiency 2(1) 1-4

Reasoner DJ. 2004. Heterotrophic Plate Count Methodology In The United States.

Int J Food Microbiol. 92(3): 307–

315.doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.08.008.

[SEKNEG] Sekretaris Negara RI. 2012. Undang-Undang Nomor 18 tentang Pangan. Jakarta: Sekneg.

38

Silva CF, Batista LR, Abreu LM, Dias ES. 2008. Succession of Bacterial and

Fungal Communities during Natural Coffee (Coffea arabica) Fermentation.

J Food Microbiol. 25 (8):951-957. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2008.07.003.

Sumarto. 2012. Kajian Perumusan Standar dan Peraturan Keamanan Pangan di Indonesia. Tesis. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor.

Vanesa D, Ana P. 2013. Occurence of Ochratoxin A in Coffee Beans, Ground Roasted Coffee and Soluble Coffee and Method Validation. J Food Cont. 30 (2): 675 -678. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.004.

Vanos V, Bindshedler, O. 1985. The Microbiology of Instant Coffee. Food Microbiol. 2:187-197.doi:10.1016/0740-0020(85)90034-6.

Vantarakis M. Smaili I, Detorakis G, Papapetropoulou. 2013. Diachronic Long-Term Surveillance Of Bacteriological Quality Of Bottled Water in Greece

(1995–2010). J Food Cont. 33(1):63-67.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.034.

Vecchio A, Min eo V, Planeta D. 2012. Ochratoxin A in Instan Coffee in Italy.

J Food Cont. 28(2): 220-223. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.029.

Vesterlund S, Salminen K, Salminen S. 2012. Water Activity in Dry Foods Containing Live Probiotic Bacteria Should be Carefully Considered: A Case Study with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Flaxseed. Int. J Food Microbiol.

157(2):319-321. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.016.

Wang D, Wanda F. 2008. Evaluation of Media Simultaneous Enumeration of Total Coliform and Escherichia coli in Dringking Water Supplies by Membrane Filtratrion Techniques. J Environ Sci. 20(3):273-277.doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)60043-1.

[WHO] World Health Organization. 2003. Heterotropic Plate Counts and drinking-Water Safety. J. Bartram, J.Cotruvo, M.Exner, C.Fricker, A. Glasmacher, editor. Iwa publishing, London.

[WHO] World Health Organization. 2011. Guidelines Drinking-water Quality,

fourth edition. Switzerland.

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/dwq_guideli nes/en/index.html. 18 Juli 2013.

Wijaya CH. 2007. Pendugaan Umur Simpan Produk Kopi Instan Formula Merek-z dengan Metode Arrhenius. Skripsi. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB, Bogor.

[WTO] World Trade Organization. 1994. General Agreement on Tariffs and Tarif. Jenewa.

Zamberlan da SilvaME, SantanaRG, Guilhermetti M, Filho IC, Endo EH,Ueda-Nakamura T, EH,Ueda-Nakamura CV, Filho BPD. 2008. Comparison of the

Bacteriological Quality of Tap Water and Bottled Mineral Water.Int J Hyg Environ Health, 211(5-6), 504-509. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.09.004

39

Dokumen terkait