Aak, 1990. Budidaya Tanaman Padi. Yogyakarta : Kanisius.
Almatsier, Sunita. 2006. Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta : Gramedia.
Attala, R.H. 1987. Stucture of Cellulose, Characterization of The Solid States. ACS Symposium Series. No. 340. Washinton.
Anonim,1976. The Merck Index. Ninth Edition. An Encyclopedia of Chemical and Dugs, Merck and Co.Inc, Rahway. N.Y.USA.
Anonim. 2010. Tekno Pangan dan Agroindustri. Volume I, Nomor 1-12. Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Anindyawati, Trisanti. 2010. Potensi Selulase Dalam Mendegradasi Lignoselulosa Limbah Pertanian Untuk Pupuk Organik. Jurnal Vol. 45, No. 2. Cibinong : Lipi.
Anggorodi. 1979. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum. PT Gramedia. Jakarta.
Asthasari, R. 2008. Kajian Pembuatan Biodisel dari Minyak Jelantah Dengan Menggunakan Katalis Abu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Skripsi. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. IPB. Bogor.
Badan Pusat Statistik, 2013. Berita Resmi Statistik dari Bahan Pusat Statistik Tentang Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan.
Beef Facts, 2007. Stearic Acid : A Unique Saturated Fat. USA. National Cattlemen’s Beef Association.
Bono, A., Ying, P.H., Yan, F.Y., Muci, C.L., Sarbatly, R., Krishnaiah, D. 2009.
Synthesis and Characterization of Charboximetyl Cellulose from Palm Kernel Cake. American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information, Vol 3 No. 1:5-11.
Casey, P., James. 1960,Pulp and Paper, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vol.
1. Second Ed. Intercine Publishing, New York.
Chen, 2014.DegradationStudies On Plant Cellulose and Bacterial Cellulose FT_IR and SEM. [Thesis]. Birmingham : University Of Birmingham.
Chow, C.K. 2008. Fatty Acids In Foods and Their Implications. 3rd Ed. Boca Raton.
CRC Press.
Coffey, D., Bell D., and Handerson, A., 1995. Celuloce and Cellulose Derivate. New York : John Wiley & Son.
Davidek, J.J,. Valisel and Pokorny. 1990. Chemical Changes During Food Processing Development. In Food Science 21. Elsevier.
Djuarnani. 2004. Cara Cepat Membuat Kompos. PT. agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta.
Estiati T, Dwi RP, Widyastuti E, 2015. Komponen Minor dan Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.
Fatmawati. 2005. Tingkat serangan hama utama padi pada dua musim yang berbeda di Sulawesi Selatan. Di dalam: Seminar dan Pertemuan Tahunan XXI PEI.
Makassar. PFI Komda Sulawesi Selatan dan Dinas Perkebunan Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.
Fessenden, J. 1999. Kimia Organik. Edisi ketiga. Jilid 1. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta Gandhi, N.N. 1997. Application Of Lipase. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.74,6.
Goring, D. 1963. Thermal Softening ofLignin. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada.
64 (12) : T517-T527.
Granstrom M, 2009. Cellulose Derivate : Synthesis, Properties and Aplications.
Helsinki University Publishing House. Helsinki.
Holtzapple, K.M. 1993. Cellulose : Encyclopedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition. Academic Press. London
Hong, K.M. 2013. Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse. (S). Departement of Chemical Science. Faculty of Science. University Tunku Abdul Rahman. Malaysia
Ketaren S, 2005. Minyak dan Lemak Pangan. Ui-Press. Jakarta
Klemm D, Philipp B, Heinze T, Heinze U, dan Wagenknecht W. 1998.
Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry : Fundamentals and Analytical Methods. Vol.1. Weiheim : Wiley – VCH Verlag GmBH.
Komar, A. 1984 . Teknologi Pengolahan Jerami Sebagai Makanan Ternak. Yayasan Dian Grahita. Bandung.
Lehninger, A.L. 1998. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga.
Lynd LR, PJ Weimer, WH Van Zyl WH, IS Pretorius, 2002. Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.
66(3):506-577.
Muladi, S.H. 2013. Diktat Kuliah Teknologi Kimia Kayu Lanjutan. Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur.
Nurmala, T. 1998. Serealia Sumber Karbohidrat Utama. Jakarta : PT Rineka Cipta.
Nuringtyas, T. 2010. Karbohidrat. Yogyakarta : Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Perez J., J. Munoz-Dorado, T. de la Rubia and J. Martinez. 2002. Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview. Int. Microbiol.
Poedjiadi A, 1994. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta
Rimadani, P. Driyanti, R. Melisa, I. 2016. Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Limbah Jerami Padi (Oryza Sativa) Sebagai Bahan Bioplastik. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Vol. 3.
Riswiyanto, 2009. Kimia Organik. Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Indonesia.
Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P.J., and Quin, M.E. 2009. Handbook Of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th Ed, The Pharmaceutical Press. London.
Saha, BC. 2004. Lignocellulose Biodegradation and Application in Biotechnology.
US Government Work. American Chemical Society.
Santoz, E. 2013. Kandungan Nutrisi Limbah Jerami.
http://www.bkp4kaprobolinggo.com. Di akses 20 September 2019.
Sastrohamidjojo, H. 2009. Kimia Organik Stereokimia, Karbohidrat, Lemak dan Protein. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Saurabh, C. K., Mustapha, A., Masri, M.M., Owolabi, A.F., Syakir, M.I., Dungani, R., Paridah, M.T.,Jawaid, M., Khalil, H.P.S.A. 2016.Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibers from Gigantochloa Scortechnii as a Reinforcement Material. Journal of nanomaterials, Vol. 2016.
Seager dan Slabough, M.R. 1994. Organic Biochemistry For Today. Second Edition.
New York. West Publishing. Company.
Setiyawan Y, 2010. Peranan Polimer Selulosa Sebagai Bahan Baku dalam Pengembangan Produk ManufakturbMenuju Era Globalisasi.Bandung : Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Sjostrom, E. 1995. Wood Chemistry, Fundamentals and Aplications, Second Edition.
Laboratory of Wood Chemistry, Finland.
Suminar, S. 1990. Kimia Kayu, Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas Ilmu Hayat. Bogor : IPB.
Swern, D. 1979. Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Product Vol. I-ath Edition. John Willey and and Sons, Interscience Publication. New York.
Utama, M.Z. H. 2015. Budidaya Padi Lahan Marjinal. ANDI. Yogyakarta. 316 hlm.
Viswanthan B dan Ramaswamy AV. 2005. Selection Of Solid Heterogenous Catalysts For Reaction. National Centre For Catalysts Research.
Winarno, F.G. 1984. Pengantar Teknologi Pangan. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Jakarta.
Winarno, F.G. 1992. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Wurzburg, O. B. 1989. Modified Starches : Properties and Uses. CR Press, Inc . Boca Raton Florida
Wurzburg , O. 1978. Starch, Modified Starch and Dextrin. Products of The Corn Refining Industry. Seminar Process Corn Refiners. Washington DC.
Association, Inc.
Yakubu, A., Tanko, M., Umar., Sani., Mohammed, S.D. 2011. Chemical Modification of Microcrystaline Cellulose: Improvement of Barrier Surface Propertiesto enhance Surface Interaction with some synthetic polymers for
Biodegradable Packaging Material Processing and Applications in Textile, Food and Pharmaceutical Industry.Advances in Applied Science Research, 2 (6):532-540.
Zugenmaier, P. 2008. Cristaline Cellulose and Derivatives. Heideberg : Springer-Verlag.
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Perhitungan Pembuatan Pereaksi 1. Pembuatan Larutan HNO3 3,5 %
V1.N1 = V2.N2 V1. 65 = 1000. 3,5
V1 =
ml 2. Pembuatan Larutan NaOH 2 %
V1.N1 = V2.N2 100. N1 = 1000. 2 N1 = 20 gram
NB : NaOH 2 % = 2 gram NaOH dalam 100 ml air
3. Pembuatan Larutan NaOCl 1,75 % V1.N1 = V2.N2
V1. 12 = 500 . 1,75 V1 =
4. Pembuatan Larutan NaOH 17,5 %
V1.N1 = V2.N2 100. N1 = 500. 17,5 N1 =
NB : NaOH 17,5 % = 17,5 gram NaOH dalam 100 ml air
5. Pembuatan Larutan H2O2 10 %
= 15,05 %
DS =
( )
=
= 0,664
4. Asetil % 15 mg = ( )
= 21,5 % DS =
( )
=
= 1,025
5. Asetil % 15 mg = ( )
= 25,8 %
DS = ( )
=
= 1,299
Lampiran 3. Foto Proses Pembuatan α-Selulosa
Lampiran 4. Foto Hasil Selulosa Stearat