2engenggungunduldulan an huthutan an ataatau u de)de)oreorestastasi si adaadalah lah kegkegiatiatanan penebangan hutan atau tegakan pohon (stand o) trees" penebangan hutan atau tegakan pohon (stand o) trees" s
seehhiinngggga a llaahhaannnnyya a ddaappaat t ddiiaalliihhgguunnaakkaan n uunnttuuk k penggunaan nir-hutan (non-)orest use", yakni pertanian, penggunaan nir-hutan (non-)orest use", yakni pertanian, peternakan atau ka#asan perkotaan.
peternakan atau ka#asan perkotaan. e)
e)oresorestastasi i mermerupaupakan kan suatsuatu u konkondisi disi saasaat t tintingkagkat t lualuass area hutan yang menun'ukkan penurunan se$ara kualitas area hutan yang menun'ukkan penurunan se$ara kualitas dan kuantitas.
dan kuantitas. 5e
5erurusasakakan n huhutatan n (d(de)e)oreoreststasasi" i" mamasih sih tetetatap p memen'n'adadii an
an$a$amaman n di di InIndodonenesiasia. . eenunururut t dadata ta lala'u 'u dede)o)orereststasiasi (kerusakan hutan" periode !!%-!!& yang dikeluarkan (kerusakan hutan" periode !!%-!!& yang dikeluarkan o
olleh eh eeppaarrtteemmen en 55eehhuuttaannaann, , llaa''u u ddee))oorreeststaasi si ddii Indonesia men$apai 1,1 'uta hektar pertahun.
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a'a'u u dde)e)ororesestatasi si huhuttan an di di IIndndononesesia ia ppalalining g bbesesarar di
disusumbmbanang g ololeh eh kekegigiatatan an ininduduststriri, , teterurutatama ma ininduduststriri kayu, yang telah menyalahgunakan 020 yang diberikan kayu, yang telah menyalahgunakan 020 yang diberikan sehing
sehingga ga mengarmengarah ah pada pada pembapembalakan lakan liarliar. . 22enebanenebangangan hu
huttan an di di IIndndononesesia ia mmenen$a$apapai i 4! 4! 'u'utta a mmeteter er kukubbik ik s
seettaahhuunn, , sseeddaannggkkaan n llaa''u u ppeenneebbaannggaan n yyaanngg su
suststaiainanabblele(l(lesestatari ri bbererkkelelanan'u'utatann" " sesebbagagaiaimamanana direkomendasikan oleh epartemen 5ehutanan menurut direkomendasikan oleh epartemen 5ehutanan menurut G
Gorld Bank adalah orld Bank adalah 'uta kubik meter 'uta kubik meter setahun.setahun. 2
2enenyeyebabab b dede)o)orereststasasi i teterbrbesesar ar kekedudua a di di InIndodonenesisia,a, disumbang oleh pengalihan )ungsi hutan (kon+ersi hutan" disumbang oleh pengalihan )ungsi hutan (kon+ersi hutan" me
men'n'adadi i peperkrkebebununanan. . 55onon+e+ersrsi i huhutatan n memen'n'adadi i arareaea perkebunan (seperti kelapa sa#it", telah merusak lebih perkebunan (seperti kelapa sa#it", telah merusak lebih dari 'uta ha hutan sampai akhir 19
dari 'uta ha hutan sampai akhir 199.9. a
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5e
5erugrugian ian yanyang g diddiderierita ta negnegara ara akiakibat bat la'la'u u de)de)oresorestatasisi hutan di Indonesia diperkirakan dapat men$apai hingga hutan di Indonesia diperkirakan dapat men$apai hingga s
seekkiittaar r AApp1 1 ttrriilliuiunn, , mmenenururuut t llemembbaagga a ss##aaddaayyaa masyarakat Indonesia
masyarakat Indonesia Corruption Gat$Corruption Gat$h.h. Ber
Berdasdasarkarkan an datdata a riseriset t ICG ICG yanyang g ditditerimerima a di di ;ak;akartarta,a, kerugian dari aspek la'u de)orestasi hutan pada periode kerugian dari aspek la'u de)orestasi hutan pada periode !
!!6!6--!!!!9 9 memenn$a$appai ai 6,6,4 4 'u'uta ta hehekktatare re atatau au sesetatarara Ap
Ap1,1,tritriliuliun. n. ;um;umlah lah tertersebsebut, ut, terterdirdiri i ataatas s kerkerugiugianan nil
nilai ai tegtegakaakan n (Ap(Ap&4, &4, tritriliuliun" n" dan dan propro+is+isi i sumsumberberdaydayaa hutan (Ap&,4 triliun". 5erugian tersebut masih ditambah hutan (Ap&,4 triliun". 5erugian tersebut masih ditambah tidak diterimanya dana reboisasi.
tidak diterimanya dana reboisasi.
IICCG G 'u'ugga a mmememaappaarrkkaan n bbaahh##a a lleemmbbaagga a ss##aaddaayyaa masyarakat
masyarakat 0uman 0uman Aights Aights GGat$h at$h pernah pernah melun$urkanmelun$urkan ri
riseset t papada da !!!9 !9 yayang ng memenynyebebututkakan n babah#h#a a prprakaktitik k kor
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5eru
5erusakan alsakan alam sangat am sangat merugimerugikan masykan masyarakat darakat dan untuk an untuk menan
menanggulaggulanginya nginya pemeripemerintah ntah melakmelakukan ukan tebantebang g pilihpilih d
dan an mememmbeberirikakan n ppenendidididikkan an kkepepadada a mamasysyararakakatat bagaimana
bagaimana $ara $ara mengolah mengolah hutan hutan dan dan hutan hutan ditegakan ditegakan bagibagi orang
orang yang yang melanggar melanggar hukum hukum kehutanan kehutanan diberi diberi sangsi sangsi dandan keamanan harus diperketat.
keamanan harus diperketat.
Sistem pengelolaan hutan pada dasarnya bertumpu pada Sistem pengelolaan hutan pada dasarnya bertumpu pada aspek ekonomi dan hanya sedikit yang memperhatikan aspek ekonomi dan hanya sedikit yang memperhatikan as
aspepek k pepengngelelolaolaan an huhutatan n ititu u sensendidiri. ri. 0a0al l iniinilalah h yayangng men
menimbimbulkulkan an damdampak pak yanyang g negnegatiati), ), sepseperterti i terter'ad'adinyinyaa be
ben$n$anana a alalam am baban'n'irir, , tatananah h lolongngsosor r dadan n pepen$n$ememararanan ud
udarara a akakibibat at pepembmbakakararan an huhutatan n sese$a$ara ra di di sesengnga'a'aa ataupun proses alam. enghentikan penebangan liar ini ataupun proses alam. enghentikan penebangan liar ini ti
tidadaklklah ah mumudadah, h, kakarerena na teterkrkaiait t dedengngan an memekakaninismsmee st
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pel
pelestestariarian an linglingkunkungan gan hidhidup. up. 0al0al-ha-hal l yanyang g dildilakuakukankan pemerintah antara lain>
pemerintah antara lain> 1.
1. engeluarkan engeluarkan UU UU 2okok 2okok 3graria 3graria No. No. 6 6 ahun ahun 19&!19&! yang mengatur tentang
yang mengatur tentang ata una ata una anah.anah. .
. eenenerbrbititkakan Un UU NU No. o. % % ahahun un 191999, t, tenentatangng 5et
5etentuaentuan-keten-ketentuan ntuan 2o2okok kok mengenmengenai ai 2en2endidikdidikanan ingkungan 0idup.
ingkungan 0idup. %.
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Se
Sebabagagai i lalangngkakah h a#a#al al dadalalam m pepen$n$egegahahan an kekerurusaksakanan hu
hutatan n nanasiosionanal, l, memetotode de ini ini dadapapat t didilalaksaksananakakan n ololeheh berbagai pihak. Bentuknya dapat berupa re)ormasi hutan berbagai pihak. Bentuknya dapat berupa re)ormasi hutan yang
yang dilaksanakan dilaksanakan oleh oleh semua semua pihak pihak sebgai sebgai bentuk bentuk par
partisitisipaspasi i pempemerinerintahtah, , pripri+at+at, , dan dan masmasyaryarakaakat t daldalamam melindungi hutan dari kerusakan. oratorium ogging melindungi hutan dari kerusakan. oratorium ogging d
daappaat t mmeemmbbeerriikkaan n mmaann))aaaat t bbaaggi i sseemmuua a ppiihhaakk,, diantaranya>
diantaranya> 1.
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Ind
Indonesonesia ia merumerupakpakan an NegNegara ara yanyang g memmemiliiliki ki berberbagbagaiai ma
ma$$am am 'e'eninis s huhutatan. n. SuSudede#a #a ((!!1%1%" " memennyeyebbututkkanan beberapa 'enis hutan yang ada di Indonesia diantaranya beberapa 'enis hutan yang ada di Indonesia diantaranya adalah hutan bakau, hutan ra#a, sabana, hutan musim, adalah hutan bakau, hutan ra#a, sabana, hutan musim, dan hutan hu'an tropis. 0utan bakau tumbuh pantai yang dan hutan hu'an tropis. 0utan bakau tumbuh pantai yang la
landndai, ai, beberlrlumumpupur r dadan n teterkrkenena a papasasang ng sursurut ut aiair r lalautut.. 0u
0utatan n babakakau u sansangagat t pepentntining g kakarenrena a memen'n'adadi i tetempmpatat berbagai 'enis ikan dan udang. Selain itu hutan bakau berbagai 'enis ikan dan udang. Selain itu hutan bakau 'uga
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rain )orest" sangat menarik, merupakan ekosistem yang rain )orest" sangat menarik, merupakan ekosistem yang klimaks klimatik. umbuhan-tumbuhan yang ada dalam klimaks klimatik. umbuhan-tumbuhan yang ada dalam hu
hutatan n tetersrsebebut ut titidadak k pepernrnah ah memengnggugugugurkrkan an dadaunun,, ko
kondndisiisinynya a beber+r+arariaiasi si atatau au mamasisingng-m-masiasing ng tutumbmbuhuhanan berad
berada a dalam tingkatdalam tingkatan an kehidkehidupan sesuai upan sesuai dengadengan n si)atsi)at atau kelakuan masing-masing 'enis tumbuhan tersebut. atau kelakuan masing-masing 'enis tumbuhan tersebut. 0u
0utatan n huhu'a'an n trtropopis is inini i mememimililiki ki +e+egegetatasi si yayang ng khkhasas dae
daerah rah trotropis pis basbasah ah dan dan menmenutuutupi pi semsemua ua perpermukmukaanaan daratan yang memiliki iklim panas dan $urah hu'an yang daratan yang memiliki iklim panas dan $urah hu'an yang
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