BAB I
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
PENDAHULUAN
A.
A. LALATTAR BELAKAR BELAKANGANG Be
Berdrdasasararkakan n UnUndadangng-U-Undndanang g NoNomomor r 41 41 tatahuhun n 19199999 tentang kehutanan, yang dimaksud dengan hutan adalah tentang kehutanan, yang dimaksud dengan hutan adalah suatu kesatuan ekosistem berupa hamparan lahan berisi suatu kesatuan ekosistem berupa hamparan lahan berisi su
sumbmber er dadaya ya alalam am hahayayati ti yayang ng dididodomiminanasi si pepepopohohonanann dalam persekutuan alam lingkungannya, yang satu dengan dalam persekutuan alam lingkungannya, yang satu dengan lai
lainnynnya tidak daa tidak dapat dippat dipisaisahkahkan. n. IndIndonesonesia meruia merupakpakanan sal
salah ah satsatu u negnegara ara yanyang g memmemiliiliki ki hamhamparparan an huthutan an yanyangg lu
luasas. . SSururyayaniningngsisih h ((!1!1" " memenynyatatakakan an babahh#a #a luluasas ka#
ka#asan asan huthutan an IndIndoneonesia sia tahtahun un !1 !1 menmen$ap$apai ai 1%!1%!,&1,&1 'uta ha.
'uta ha. enurut )ungsinya enurut )ungsinya hutan tersebut hutan tersebut diklasi*kasikandiklasi*kasikan men'adi ka#asan konser+asi (1,1 ha", ka#asan lindung men'adi ka#asan konser+asi (1,1 ha", ka#asan lindung (%, !& 'uta ha", ka#asan produksi terbatas (, 'uta (%, !& 'uta ha", ka#asan produksi terbatas (, 'uta ha
ha", ", kaka#a#asasan n prprododukuksi si (%(%%,%,& & 'u'uta ta haha", ", dadan n kaka#a#asasann pr
prododukuksi si yayang ng dadapapat t didikokon+n+ersersi i ((!,!, 'u'uta ta haha". ". uuasas ka#asan hutan tersebut men$apai &,&/ dari total luas ka#asan hutan tersebut men$apai &,&/ dari total luas daratan di Indonesia sehingga hutan tersebut bias men'adi daratan di Indonesia sehingga hutan tersebut bias men'adi salah satu potensi sumber daya alam yang ra#an ter'adi salah satu potensi sumber daya alam yang ra#an ter'adi kerusakan karena kepentingan manusia dalam memenuhi kerusakan karena kepentingan manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya.
kebutuhan hidupnya.
0ut
0utan an adaadalah lah sebsebuah uah ka#ka#asaasan n yanyang g ditditumbumbuhi uhi dendengangan le
lebabat t ololeh eh pepepopohohonanan n dadan n tutumbmbuhuhan an lalaininnynya. a. 0u0utatann merupakan sistem penggunaan lahan yang tertutup dan merupakan sistem penggunaan lahan yang tertutup dan
1 1
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
tidak ada $ampur tangan manusia, masuknya kepentingan tidak ada $ampur tangan manusia, masuknya kepentingan manusia se$ara terbatas seperti pengambilan hasil hutan manusia se$ara terbatas seperti pengambilan hasil hutan un
untutuk k susubsbsististem em titidadak k memengnggagangnggu gu huhutatan n dadan n )u)ungngsisi hu
hutatan. n. ekekananan an pependndududuk uk dadan n tetekakananan n ekekononomomi i yayangng semak
semakin in besarbesar, , mengamengakibatkibatkan kan pengpengambilaambilan n hasil hasil hutanhutan semak
semakin in intensintensi) i) (peneb(penebangan kayu". angan kayu". 2e2enebannebangan gan hutanhutan 'uga
'uga dilakukan dilakukan untuk untuk kepentingan kepentingan yang yang lain, lain, misalnyamisalnya u
unnttuuk k mmenengguubbaah h mmenen'a'addi i llaaddaanng g ppeerrttaanniiaan n aattaauu pe
perkrkebebununanan. . 3k3kibibat at dadari ri gagangngguguanan-g-ganangggguauan n huhutatann tersebut akan menyebabkan ter'adinya perubahan )ungsi tersebut akan menyebabkan ter'adinya perubahan )ungsi hutan
hutan. . 2e2erubahrubahan-peran-perubahubahan an tersebutersebut t lebih lebih menekamenekankannkan kearah )ungsi ekonomi dengan mengabaikan )ungsi sosial kearah )ungsi ekonomi dengan mengabaikan )ungsi sosial atau )ungsi ekologis.
atau )ungsi ekologis. 0
0uuttaan n ddi i IInnddoonneessiia a ssaannggaat t bbeerrppeennggaarruuh h bbaaggii kelang
kelangsungan sungan masyamasyarakat rakat IndonIndonesia. esia. 0utan 0utan merupamerupakankan sumber daya alam yang didalamnya tak ternilai harganya sumber daya alam yang didalamnya tak ternilai harganya ka
karenrena a memempmpununyayai i kekeananekekararagagamamanan. . iidadalalam m huthutanan terkandung begitu banyak keankeragaman hayati sebagai terkandung begitu banyak keankeragaman hayati sebagai sumber plasma nut)ah, sumber hasil hutan, pengatur tata sumber plasma nut)ah, sumber hasil hutan, pengatur tata air
air, , penpen$eg$egah ah banban'ir 'ir dan dan eroerosi si untuntuk uk keskesubuuburan ran tantanah,ah, rek
rekreareasi, si, parpari#ii#isatsata, a, temtempat pat penpeniliilitiatian n dadan n kebkebudaudayaayaann ma
makka, a, huhuttan an di di InIndodonenesisia a atatau au didinenegagara ra mmananapapunun me
mempmpununyayai i UUUU. . 5a5arerena na ititu u pepemaman)n)aaaatatan n huhutatan n dadann perlind
perlindunganungannya di nya di IndoneIndonesia telah sia telah diatudiatur r dalam UU dalam UU 46,46, UU No. 6 tahun 199!, UU No % tahun 199, UU No. 41 UU No. 6 tahun 199!, UU No % tahun 199, UU No. 41 tahun 1999, 22 No tahun 196 dan beberapa keputusan tahun 1999, 22 No tahun 196 dan beberapa keputusan enteri 5ehutanan serta beberapa
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
5e
5ebakbakaraaran n berberskaskala la besbesar ar seksekalialigus gus menmenghaghasilksilkan an asaasapp telah menambah parah masalah di Indonesia dan telah menambah parah masalah di Indonesia dan negara-negara tetangga. Sebagai $ontoh, kebakaran yang ter'adi negara tetangga. Sebagai $ontoh, kebakaran yang ter'adi sa
saat at kkememararau au papan'n'anang g (7(7l l NiNinono" " tatahhun un 1919, , 19199191,, 1
1999988119999%%, , 1199994 4 ddaan n 19199988119999 ((eennnniiss, , 11999999"" m
meenngghhaabbiisskkaan n aarreeaal l yyaanng g $$uukkuup p lluuaas s sseekkaalliigguuss me
mengngakakibibatatkakan n kekerurugigian an sese$a$ara ra ekekononomomi. i. 5e5ebabakakararann hutan 1998199 di Indonesia diperkirakan menghabiskan hutan 1998199 di Indonesia diperkirakan menghabiskan US 9 milliar dengan emisi $arbon yang $ukup tinggi dan US 9 milliar dengan emisi $arbon yang $ukup tinggi dan se
sebabaggai ai sasallah ah sasatu tu popoluluteter r teterbrbesesar ar di di duduninia a (3(3sisiaa e
e+el+elopopmenment t BaBanknk, , 191999: 99: BaBarbrbarara a anand d S$S$h#h#eiteithehelmlm,, !!!". 5ebakaran hutan dibagi men'adi dua bagian yaitu !!!". 5ebakaran hutan dibagi men'adi dua bagian yaitu ke
kebabakakararan n yayang ng alalamamiaiah h dadan n kekebabakakararan n huhutatan n akakibibatat tangan-tangan manusia. 5ebakaran hutan yang ter'adi di tangan-tangan manusia. 5ebakaran hutan yang ter'adi di In
Indodonenesisia a memerurupapakakan n prprososes es kekemamararau u papan'n'anang g atatauau pembakaran yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok orang yang pembakaran yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok orang yang m
meerraassa a ddiirriinnyya a mmeemmiilliikki i hhaakk, , yyaanng g mmaanna a uunnttuuk k kepentingan diri sendiri.
kepentingan diri sendiri.
2ermasalahan saat ini belum ter'a#abnya penyebab utama 2ermasalahan saat ini belum ter'a#abnya penyebab utama da
dari ri kekebabakakararan n yayang ng alalamamiaiah h se$se$arara a ririn$n$i, i, tutuntntas as dadann terstruktur
terstruktur. Beberapa . Beberapa pihak mengatakan bah#a pihak mengatakan bah#a kebakarankebakaran disebabkan oleh kegiatan pertanian, perkebunan ataupun disebabkan oleh kegiatan pertanian, perkebunan ataupun kehutanan berskala ke$il oleh masyarakat lokal maupun kehutanan berskala ke$il oleh masyarakat lokal maupun dalam skala
dalam skala besarbesar, , sepertseperti i perkeperkebunan 0I8020. bunan 0I8020. alamalam ma
massalalah ah kkebebakakararan an huhuttan an SS lilingngkukunngagan n hihidudup,p, mengklaim bah#a kebakaran besar merupakan result dari mengklaim bah#a kebakaran besar merupakan result dari akti+itas konsesi hutan dan perkebunan ( ;akarta 2ost, % akti+itas konsesi hutan dan perkebunan ( ;akarta 2ost, %
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
(
( ;;aakkaarrtta a 22oostst, , <<kkttoobber er 1199994 4 " " hihinngggga a aakkhhirirnnyyaa mengeluarkan kebi'akan yang melarang persiapan lahan mengeluarkan kebi'akan yang melarang persiapan lahan menggunakan api. 2ada sisi lain terbatasnya sarana dan menggunakan api. 2ada sisi lain terbatasnya sarana dan pr
prasasararanana a memengngakakibibatatkakan n susulilitntnya ya pepengnga#a#asasan an dadann in
in+e+entntararisisasi asi in)in)orormamasi si kekebabakakararan n yayang ng teter'r'adadi i se$se$araraa rriinn$$ii. . SSeebbaaggaai i $$oonnttoohh, , 22uussddaallkkaarrhhuut t eeppaarrttmmeenntt 5e
5ehuthutanaanan n 22ontontianianak ak (19(199", 9", se$se$ara ara umuumum, m, barbaru u dapdapatat mendokumentasikan kebakaran 199 di 5alimantan Barat mendokumentasikan kebakaran 199 di 5alimantan Barat se
sekikitatar r 66,!,!!! !! ha ha beberurupa pa 02020, 0, 00I I dadan n 22ererkekebubunanann 5elapa Sa#it.
5elapa Sa#it.
5arena banyaknya kebakaran hutan yang melanda negara 5arena banyaknya kebakaran hutan yang melanda negara kita ini hingga ter'adinya berbagai ma$am masalah yang kita ini hingga ter'adinya berbagai ma$am masalah yang dampaknya sering kita temui baik se$ara langsung atau dampaknya sering kita temui baik se$ara langsung atau tidak. asalah kebakaran hutan membuat pemerintah kita tidak. asalah kebakaran hutan membuat pemerintah kita bingung harus berbuat apa dengan permasalahan tersebut bingung harus berbuat apa dengan permasalahan tersebut kar
karena ena menmenggagganggnggu u aktakti+ii+itas tas yanyang g damdampakpak-da-dampampaknyknyaa sangat merugikan kita
sangat merugikan kita 3dapun
3dapun latar latar belakang belakang penulis penulis mengangkat mengangkat masalah masalah daridari tema ingkungan 0idup yang ber'udul 2enebangan 0utan tema ingkungan 0idup yang ber'udul 2enebangan 0utan se$
se$ara ara lialiarr, , dan dan enenuruurut t SpuSpurr rr (19(19%", %", huthutan an diadianggnggapap sebagai persekutuan antara tumbuhan dan binatang dalam sebagai persekutuan antara tumbuhan dan binatang dalam sua
suatu tu asoasosiasiasi si biobiotistis. . penpenebaebangangan n huthutan an se$ase$ara ra lialiar r kinkinii k
kiiaan n mmaarraak k ddaan n ddaappaat t mmeerruussaak k huhuttaan n ttaannppaa me
mempmpererhahatitikakan n dadampmpak ak nenegagatiti+e +e yayang ng didititimbmbululkakan.n. 5arena masalah penebangan hutan yang ter'adi di 5alBar 5arena masalah penebangan hutan yang ter'adi di 5alBar ma
makikin n bebertrtamambabah h luluas as dadan n tetentntu u mamasalsalah ah ini ini memen'n'adadii mas
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
ekologis, )ungsi sosial dan )ungsi ekonomi" dengan lebih ekologis, )ungsi sosial dan )ungsi ekonomi" dengan lebih menekankan kepada peran pemerintah, peran masyarakat menekankan kepada peran pemerintah, peran masyarakat dan peran s#asta. angkah- langkah yang sinergi dari ke dan peran s#asta. angkah- langkah yang sinergi dari ke tiga komponen (pemerintah, masyarakat dan s#asta" akan tiga komponen (pemerintah, masyarakat dan s#asta" akan me
me#u#u'u'udkdkan an )u)unngsgsi i huhuttan an sese$a$ara ra mmenenyeyelulururuh h yyanangg men$iptakan pengamanan dan pelestarian hutan.
men$iptakan pengamanan dan pelestarian hutan.
B.
B. RUMUSAN RUMUSAN MASALAHMASALAH 1.
1. apatapatkah kah anda anda men'elamen'elaskan skan tenttentang ang pengerpengertiantian hutan =
hutan = .
. ampak ampak yang yang ter'adi ter'adi akibat akibat de)orestasi de)orestasi hutan hutan == %.
%. Bagaimanakah Bagaimanakah $ara $ara kita kita menanggulangi menanggulangi masalahmasalah kerusakan hutan =
kerusakan hutan = 4.
4. BagaiBagaimana mana peran peran pemeripemerintah ntah dalam dalam mengamengatasitasi masalah de)orestasi hutan=
masalah de)orestasi hutan= 6.
6. 3pa 3pa sa'a sa'a )a$tor )a$tor pemi$u pemi$u penebangan penebangan hutan hutan == &.
&. 3pa 3pa sa'a sa'a upaya upaya yang yang dapadapat t mengatmengatasi asi dampdampak ak penebangan hutan terhadap atmos)er =
penebangan hutan terhadap atmos)er = .
. 0ukum 0ukum apa apa sa'a sa'a yang yang dapat dapat diberldiberlakukaakukan n dalamdalam masalah penggundulan hutan =
masalah penggundulan hutan =
C. TUJUAN
C. TUJUAN
1.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
%.
%. enen'el'elaskaskan an upaupaya ya yanyang g dapdapat at dildilakuakukan kan untuntuk uk men
mengatgatasi asi damdampak pak penpenebaebangangan n huthutan an terterhadhadapap keadaan atmos)er.
keadaan atmos)er. 4.
4. engetahui engetahui apa apa sa'a sa'a )ungsi )ungsi hutan hutan bagi bagi kehidupankehidupan manusia.
manusia. 6.
6. enengegettahahui ui apapa a sasa'a 'a yayang ng ttelelah ah didilalakkukukanan pemerintah dalam upaya melestarikan hutan
pemerintah dalam upaya melestarikan hutan &.
&. engetahui engetahui hukum-hukum hukum-hukum dalam dalam penggundulanpenggundulan hutan hutan
BAB II
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
PEMBAHASAN
A.A. HUTHUTANAN 0u
0utatan n titidadak k hahanynya a bebermrmanan)a)aat at babagi gi spspesesieies s hehe#a#an,n, spe
spesies sies tumtumbuhbuhan, an, ataatau u kelkelompompok ok etnetnik ik tertertententu tu yanyangg meninggalinya sa'a. Setidaknya ada tiga man)aat hutan meninggalinya sa'a. Setidaknya ada tiga man)aat hutan yang
yang berpengaruh berpengaruh global global terhadap terhadap bumi bumi sebagai sebagai habitathabitat yang
yang lebih lebih luas. luas. iga iga man)aat man)aat tersebut tersebut adalah> adalah> hutanhutan se
sebabagagai i tetempmpat at reresasapapan n aiair: r: huhutatan n sesebabagagai i papayuyungng ra
raksksasasa: a: huhutatan n sebsebagagai ai paparuru-p-pararu u duduninia: a: dadan n huhutatann sebagai-#adah-kebutuhan-primer.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
yang
yang berpengaruh berpengaruh global global terhadap terhadap bumi bumi sebagai sebagai habitathabitat yang
yang lebih lebih luas. luas. iga iga man)aat man)aat tersebut tersebut adalah> adalah> hutanhutan se
sebabagagai i tetempmpat at reresasapapan n aiair: r: huhutatan n sesebabagagai i papayuyungng ra
raksksasasa: a: huhutatan n sebsebagagai ai paparuru-p-pararu u duduninia: a: dadan n huhutatann sebagai-#adah-kebutuhan-primer.
sebagai-#adah-kebutuhan-primer. Seb
Sebagaagai i temtempat pat resaresapan pan airair, , huthutan an mermerupaupakan kan daedaerahrah penahan dan area resapan air yang e)ekti). Banyaknya penahan dan area resapan air yang e)ekti). Banyaknya la
lapipisasan n huhumumus s yayang ng beberprporioripopori ri dadan n babanynyakaknynya a akakarar yang
yang ber)ungsi ber)ungsi menahan menahan tanah, tanah, mengotimalkan mengotimalkan )ungsi)ungsi hut
hutan an sebsebagaagai i arearea a penpenahaahan n dan dan resresapaapan n air air tertersebusebut.t. 5erusakan hutan bisa menyebabkan terganggunya )ungsi 5erusakan hutan bisa menyebabkan terganggunya )ungsi hutan sebagai penahan air. aerah dan habitat sekitar hutan sebagai penahan air. aerah dan habitat sekitar h
huuttaan n yyaanng g rruussaak k iittuuppuun n ssee##aakkttuu--##aakkttu u bbiissaa diten
ditenggelamggelamkan kan ban'irban'ir. . Selain Selain itu, itu, kerusakerusakan kan hutanphutanpunun ak
akan an memembmbuauat t )u)unngsgsi i huhutatan n sesebbagagai ai ararea ea reresasapapann terganggu. 5etiadaan area resapan ini bisa menimbulkan terganggu. 5etiadaan area resapan ini bisa menimbulkan ke
kelalangngkakaan an aiair r yayang ng bberersisih h ddan an hihigigienenisis, , atatau au aiairr siappakai. Selain )ungsinya sebagai tempat resapan air, siappakai. Selain )ungsinya sebagai tempat resapan air, hutan ber)ungsi pula sebagai ?payung raksasa@. Aapatnya hutan ber)ungsi pula sebagai ?payung raksasa@. Aapatnya 'arak
'arak antara antara tetumbuhan satu tetumbuhan satu dengan tumbuhan dengan tumbuhan lainnya,lainnya, 'uga rata-rata tinggi pohon di segenap lokasinya, berguna 'uga rata-rata tinggi pohon di segenap lokasinya, berguna
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
sebagai ?paru-paru dunia@ hutanpun ?bertanggung-'a#ab@ sebagai ?paru-paru dunia@ hutanpun ?bertanggung-'a#ab@ atas keseimbangan suhu dan iklim.
atas keseimbangan suhu dan iklim. e
elilihahat t lolokkasasininyaya, , hhututan an bubumi mi ttererbabagi gi dadalalam m ttigigaa k
keelloommppook k bebessaarr> > hhuuttaan n ttrrooppiiss, , hhuuttaan n ssuubbttrrooppiiss (t
(temempeperaratete", ", dadan n huhutatan n boborerealal. . BrBraail il dadan n InIndondonesiesiaa adalah negara dengan hektaran hutan tropis terluas di adalah negara dengan hektaran hutan tropis terluas di dunia. uas lahan hutan Indonesia sendiri adalah 14!,% dunia. uas lahan hutan Indonesia sendiri adalah 14!,% 'uta 0a, dengan
'uta 0a, dengan rin$ian> %!, rin$ian> %!, 'uta 0a hutan 'uta 0a hutan lindung: 1,lindung: 1, 'uta
'uta 0a 0a $agar $agar alam alam dan dan taman taman nasional: nasional: &4,% &4,% 'uta 'uta 0a0a hut
hutan an proprodukduksi: si: &,&,& & 'ut'uta a 0a 0a huthutan an yanyang g diadialoklokasikasikanan untuk dikon+ersi men'adi
untuk dikon+ersi men'adi lahan pertanian, perumahanlahan pertanian, perumahan,, transmigrasi dan lain sebagainya. ari data dan rin$ian transmigrasi dan lain sebagainya. ari data dan rin$ian te
tersersebubut, t, beberarartrti i sesekikitatar r 6464/ / dadari ri tototatal l luluas as dadararatatann negara kita adalah hutan.
negara kita adalah hutan.
B.
B. FUNGSI FUNGSI HUTANHUTAN 5e
5erusrusakaakan n yanyang g terter'ad'adi i terterhadhadap ap salsalah ah satsatu u ekoekosistsistemem dap
dapat at menmenimbimbulkulkan an damdampak pak lanlan'ut'utan an bagbagi i alialiran ran antantarar ek
ekoossiiststem em mmaauuppuun n eekkoosisisstteem m llaaiin n ddi i sesekkiittaarrnnyyaa.. 5e
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
.
. SumbeSumber r ekonomekonomi: i: melalumelalui i penyedpenyediaan iaan kayu, kayu, getagetah,h, bunga, he#an, dan sebagainya.
bunga, he#an, dan sebagainya. %.
%. Sumber plasma Sumber plasma nut)ah: nut)ah: keanekaragaman keanekaragaman he#an he#an dandan tumbu
tumbuhan han di di hutan hutan memunmemungkinkgkinkan an diperdiperolehnyaolehnya keanekaragaman gen.
keanekaragaman gen. 4.
4. en'aen'aga ga keseimbkeseimbangan angan air air di di musim musim hu'an hu'an dandan musim kemarau.
musim kemarau. en
engan gan terterbenbentuktuknya nya humhumus us di di huthutan, an, tantanah ah menmen'ad'adii gembur. anah yang gembur mampu menahan air hu'an gembur. anah yang gembur mampu menahan air hu'an se
sehinhingggga a memeresresap ap ke ke dadalalam m tatananah, h, resresapapan an aiair r akakanan di
ditatahahan n ololeh eh akakarar-a-akakar r popohohon. n. eengngan an dedemimikikianan, , didi musim hu'an air tidak berlebihan, sedangkan di musim musim hu'an air tidak berlebihan, sedangkan di musim kem
kemaraarau, u, dandanau, au, sunsungaigai, , sumsumur ur dadan n sebsebagaagainyinya a tidtidak ak kekurangan air.
kekurangan air.
aallaam m mmeennggeekkspsploloiittaasi si ssuummbbeer r ddaayya a ttuummbbuuhhaann,, khususnya hutan, perlu memperhatikan hal-hal sebagai khususnya hutan, perlu memperhatikan hal-hal sebagai berikut>
berikut> 1.
1. iidadak k melmelakakukukan an pepenebnebanangagan n popohohon n di di huhutatan n dedengnganan semena-mena (tebang habis". 2enebangan kayu di hutan semena-mena (tebang habis". 2enebangan kayu di hutan dil
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
4.
4. eelalaksksananakakan an a)a)ororestestasiasi, , yayaititu u memengnghuhutatanknkan an dadaererahah yang
yang bukan bukan hutan hutan untuk untuk mengganti mengganti daerah daerah hutan hutan yangyang digunakan untuk keperluan lain.
digunakan untuk keperluan lain. 6.
6. enen$eg$egah keah kebakbakaraaran hutn hutan.an.
C.
C. FFAKTOR AKTOR PEMICU PEMICU PENEBANGAN PENEBANGAN HUTANHUTAN
5onsep mana'emen hutan menyatakan bah#a sebetulnya 5onsep mana'emen hutan menyatakan bah#a sebetulnya penebangan adalah salah satu rantai kegiatan yang telah penebangan adalah salah satu rantai kegiatan yang telah ter
terakuakumulmulasi asi yanyang g terterdiri diri dardari i kegkegiatiatan an memmemaneanen n proprosesses biologi
biologis s dan dan ekosisekosistem tem selama daur selama daur hidupnhidupnya. ya. 22enebanenebangangan san
sangat gat dihdiharaarapkpkan an ataatau u 'ad'adi i tu'tu'uanuan, , tettetapi api harharus us di$di$apaapaii den
dengan gan renren$an$ana a dan dan damdampak pak negnegatiati) ) semiseminimnimal al munmungkigkinn ((reduced impact loggingreduced impact logging". 2enebangan dapat dilakukan oleh". 2enebangan dapat dilakukan oleh siapa sa'a asal mengikuti kriteria pengelolaan hutan lestari siapa sa'a asal mengikuti kriteria pengelolaan hutan lestari ((sustainable forest managementsustainable forest management", ari pengertian tersebut", ari pengertian tersebut dap
dapat at dikdikatatakaakan n bahbah#a #a kegkegiatiatan an penpenebaebangangan n lialiar r ((illegalillegal logging
logging" bukan dalam kerangka konsep mana'emen hutan." bukan dalam kerangka konsep mana'emen hutan. Se
Sedadangngkakan n pepenenebabangngan an liliar ar sensendidiri ri dadapapat t dididede*n*nisisikikanan se
sebabagagai i titindndakakan an memenenebabang ng kakayu yu dedengngan an memelalangnggagarr peraturan kehutanan. indakan ini adalah sebuah ke'ahatan peraturan kehutanan. indakan ini adalah sebuah ke'ahatan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
me
mengngememukukakakan an bebebeberarapa pa alalasasan an mamanunusisia a memelalakukukakann penebangan liar atau illegal logging yaitu >
penebangan liar atau illegal logging yaitu > 1"
1" asasalaalah sosih sosial dan eal dan ekonkonomiomi "
" 5e5elelembmbagagaaaann %"
%" 5esen5esen'anga'angan ketn ketersediaersediaan baan bahan bhan bakuaku 4"
4" 5e5elemlemahaahan koon koordinrdinasiasi 6"
6" 55ururanangngnya ya kokomimitmtmen en dadan n lelemamahnhnya ya lala# # enen)o)or$r$ememenentt (penegakan hukum"
(penegakan hukum"
asasalalah ah sososisial al ddan an eekokononomi mi yayang ng didimamaksksud ud adadalalahah be
berkrkaiaitatan n dedengngan an kekemimiskskininanan. . 5e5emismiskikinanan n memerurupapakakann kea
keadaadaan n indindi+ii+idu du yanyang g tidtidak ak dapdapat at memmemenuenuhi hi kebkebutuutuhanhan hidupnya. 5eadaan masyarakat yang miskin diman)aatkan hidupnya. 5eadaan masyarakat yang miskin diman)aatkan oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung 'a#ab (pemodal" oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung 'a#ab (pemodal" yang
yang mengingikan mengingikan keuntungan keuntungan yang yang $epat. $epat. 2ara 2ara pemodalpemodal tteerrsesebbuut t mmeennggggeerraakkkkaan n mamassyyaarraakkaat t mmiisskkiin n uunnttuuk k me
melalakukukakan n pepenenebabangngan an liliarar. . 5e5etitika ka erera a re)re)orormamasi si dadann demokratisasi tiba masalah ini semakin memburuk, dimana demokratisasi tiba masalah ini semakin memburuk, dimana ta
ta)s)sir ir yayang ng sasalalah h memendndororong ong teter'r'adadininya ya ananararki ki memelalaluilui pergerakan massa yang akibatnya semakin menguntungkan pergerakan massa yang akibatnya semakin menguntungkan p
paarra a rraa''a a kkaayyu u ddaan n ppee''aabbaat t kkoorruup p yyaanng g mmeenn''aaddii per
perlindlindungungan an mermerekaeka. . DDaktaktor or kedkedua ua yanyang g menmenyebyebabkabkanan manusia melakukan penebangan liar adalah terkait dengan manusia melakukan penebangan liar adalah terkait dengan kelemb
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
kayu ilegal lintas batas sulit dilakukan karena dibukanya kayu ilegal lintas batas sulit dilakukan karena dibukanya kra
kra kaykayu u ekseksporpor. . SedSedangangkan kan )ak)aktor tor keemkeempapat t dan dan kelkelimaima yaitu
yaitu kelemahan kelemahan koordinasi, koordinasi, kurangnya kurangnya komitmen, komitmen, sertaserta lemahnya penegakan hukum itu semua berkaitan dengan lemahnya penegakan hukum itu semua berkaitan dengan pihak pemerintah yang dalam hal ini ternyata ada beberapa pihak pemerintah yang dalam hal ini ternyata ada beberapa yang turut andil dalam kegiatan penebangan liar
yang turut andil dalam kegiatan penebangan liar.. u
utataFiFin n ((!1%!1%" " 'u'uga ga memenynyebebututkakan n bebebeberarapa pa hahal l yayangng me
menynyebebababkakan n mamanunusisia a memelalakukukakan n pepenenebabangngan an huhutatann adalah karena sebagai berikut >
adalah karena sebagai berikut > 1"
1" 22embembangangunaunan pemukn pemukimaimann "
" 22erlerluasuasan lahaan lahan pertan pertanianiann %"
%" 2e2enggunnggunaan aan bahan bahan bakar bakar kayukayu 4"
4" 22emembabalalakakann 6"
6" 22eneenebanbangan tgan terberbukauka &"
&" 55ememisiskikinanann "
" 22enengagangnggugurarann "
" 2e2eker'aaker'aan yan yang ting tidak dak maksimaksimalmal 9"
9" 5eun5euntungatungan n yang yang menggmenggiurkaniurkan 1!
1!"" 22erermimintntaaaan n akakan an kkayayu u babannyayak k
Berdasarkan beberapa )aktor yang telah disebutkan dapat Berdasarkan beberapa )aktor yang telah disebutkan dapat
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
D.
D. DEFOREDEFORESTASI STASI HUTANHUTAN 2
2engenggungunduldulan an huthutan an ataatau u de)de)oreorestastasi si adaadalah lah kegkegiatiatanan penebangan hutan atau tegakan pohon (stand o) trees" penebangan hutan atau tegakan pohon (stand o) trees" s
seehhiinngggga a llaahhaannnnyya a ddaappaat t ddiiaalliihhgguunnaakkaan n uunnttuuk k penggunaan nir-hutan (non-)orest use", yakni pertanian, penggunaan nir-hutan (non-)orest use", yakni pertanian, peternakan atau ka#asan perkotaan.
peternakan atau ka#asan perkotaan. e)
e)oresorestastasi i mermerupaupakan kan suatsuatu u konkondisi disi saasaat t tintingkagkat t lualuass area hutan yang menun'ukkan penurunan se$ara kualitas area hutan yang menun'ukkan penurunan se$ara kualitas dan kuantitas.
dan kuantitas. 5e
5erurusasakakan n huhutatan n (d(de)e)oreoreststasasi" i" mamasih sih tetetatap p memen'n'adadii an
an$a$amaman n di di InIndodonenesiasia. . eenunururut t dadata ta lala'u 'u dede)o)orereststasiasi (kerusakan hutan" periode !!%-!!& yang dikeluarkan (kerusakan hutan" periode !!%-!!& yang dikeluarkan o
olleh eh eeppaarrtteemmen en 55eehhuuttaannaann, , llaa''u u ddee))oorreeststaasi si ddii Indonesia men$apai 1,1 'uta hektar pertahun.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
a'a'u u dde)e)ororesestatasi si huhuttan an di di IIndndononesesia ia ppalalining g bbesesarar di
disusumbmbanang g ololeh eh kekegigiatatan an ininduduststriri, , teterurutatama ma ininduduststriri kayu, yang telah menyalahgunakan 020 yang diberikan kayu, yang telah menyalahgunakan 020 yang diberikan sehing
sehingga ga mengarmengarah ah pada pada pembapembalakan lakan liarliar. . 22enebanenebangangan hu
huttan an di di IIndndononesesia ia mmenen$a$apapai i 4! 4! 'u'utta a mmeteter er kukubbik ik s
seettaahhuunn, , sseeddaannggkkaan n llaa''u u ppeenneebbaannggaan n yyaanngg su
suststaiainanabblele(l(lesestatari ri bbererkkelelanan'u'utatann" " sesebbagagaiaimamanana direkomendasikan oleh epartemen 5ehutanan menurut direkomendasikan oleh epartemen 5ehutanan menurut G
Gorld Bank adalah orld Bank adalah 'uta kubik meter 'uta kubik meter setahun.setahun. 2
2enenyeyebabab b dede)o)orereststasasi i teterbrbesesar ar kekedudua a di di InIndodonenesisia,a, disumbang oleh pengalihan )ungsi hutan (kon+ersi hutan" disumbang oleh pengalihan )ungsi hutan (kon+ersi hutan" me
men'n'adadi i peperkrkebebununanan. . 55onon+e+ersrsi i huhutatan n memen'n'adadi i arareaea perkebunan (seperti kelapa sa#it", telah merusak lebih perkebunan (seperti kelapa sa#it", telah merusak lebih dari 'uta ha hutan sampai akhir 19
dari 'uta ha hutan sampai akhir 199.9. a
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
5e
5erugrugian ian yanyang g diddiderierita ta negnegara ara akiakibat bat la'la'u u de)de)oresorestatasisi hutan di Indonesia diperkirakan dapat men$apai hingga hutan di Indonesia diperkirakan dapat men$apai hingga s
seekkiittaar r AApp1 1 ttrriilliuiunn, , mmenenururuut t llemembbaagga a ss##aaddaayyaa masyarakat Indonesia
masyarakat Indonesia Corruption Gat$Corruption Gat$h.h. Ber
Berdasdasarkarkan an datdata a riseriset t ICG ICG yanyang g ditditerimerima a di di ;ak;akartarta,a, kerugian dari aspek la'u de)orestasi hutan pada periode kerugian dari aspek la'u de)orestasi hutan pada periode !
!!6!6--!!!!9 9 memenn$a$appai ai 6,6,4 4 'u'uta ta hehekktatare re atatau au sesetatarara Ap
Ap1,1,tritriliuliun. n. ;um;umlah lah tertersebsebut, ut, terterdirdiri i ataatas s kerkerugiugianan nil
nilai ai tegtegakaakan n (Ap(Ap&4, &4, tritriliuliun" n" dan dan propro+is+isi i sumsumberberdaydayaa hutan (Ap&,4 triliun". 5erugian tersebut masih ditambah hutan (Ap&,4 triliun". 5erugian tersebut masih ditambah tidak diterimanya dana reboisasi.
tidak diterimanya dana reboisasi.
IICCG G 'u'ugga a mmememaappaarrkkaan n bbaahh##a a lleemmbbaagga a ss##aaddaayyaa masyarakat
masyarakat 0uman 0uman Aights Aights GGat$h at$h pernah pernah melun$urkanmelun$urkan ri
riseset t papada da !!!9 !9 yayang ng memenynyebebututkakan n babah#h#a a prprakaktitik k kor
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
5eru
5erusakan alsakan alam sangat am sangat merugimerugikan masykan masyarakat darakat dan untuk an untuk menan
menanggulaggulanginya nginya pemeripemerintah ntah melakmelakukan ukan tebantebang g pilihpilih d
dan an mememmbeberirikakan n ppenendidididikkan an kkepepadada a mamasysyararakakatat bagaimana
bagaimana $ara $ara mengolah mengolah hutan hutan dan dan hutan hutan ditegakan ditegakan bagibagi orang
orang yang yang melanggar melanggar hukum hukum kehutanan kehutanan diberi diberi sangsi sangsi dandan keamanan harus diperketat.
keamanan harus diperketat.
Sistem pengelolaan hutan pada dasarnya bertumpu pada Sistem pengelolaan hutan pada dasarnya bertumpu pada aspek ekonomi dan hanya sedikit yang memperhatikan aspek ekonomi dan hanya sedikit yang memperhatikan as
aspepek k pepengngelelolaolaan an huhutatan n ititu u sensendidiri. ri. 0a0al l iniinilalah h yayangng men
menimbimbulkulkan an damdampak pak yanyang g negnegatiati), ), sepseperterti i terter'ad'adinyinyaa be
ben$n$anana a alalam am baban'n'irir, , tatananah h lolongngsosor r dadan n pepen$n$ememararanan ud
udarara a akakibibat at pepembmbakakararan an huhutatan n sese$a$ara ra di di sesengnga'a'aa ataupun proses alam. enghentikan penebangan liar ini ataupun proses alam. enghentikan penebangan liar ini ti
tidadaklklah ah mumudadah, h, kakarerena na teterkrkaiait t dedengngan an memekakaninismsmee st
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
pel
pelestestariarian an linglingkunkungan gan hidhidup. up. 0al0al-ha-hal l yanyang g dildilakuakukankan pemerintah antara lain>
pemerintah antara lain> 1.
1. engeluarkan engeluarkan UU UU 2okok 2okok 3graria 3graria No. No. 6 6 ahun ahun 19&!19&! yang mengatur tentang
yang mengatur tentang ata una ata una anah.anah. .
. eenenerbrbititkakan Un UU NU No. o. % % ahahun un 191999, t, tenentatangng 5et
5etentuaentuan-keten-ketentuan ntuan 2o2okok kok mengenmengenai ai 2en2endidikdidikanan ingkungan 0idup.
ingkungan 0idup. %.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Se
Sebabagagai i lalangngkakah h a#a#al al dadalalam m pepen$n$egegahahan an kekerurusaksakanan hu
hutatan n nanasiosionanal, l, memetotode de ini ini dadapapat t didilalaksaksananakakan n ololeheh berbagai pihak. Bentuknya dapat berupa re)ormasi hutan berbagai pihak. Bentuknya dapat berupa re)ormasi hutan yang
yang dilaksanakan dilaksanakan oleh oleh semua semua pihak pihak sebgai sebgai bentuk bentuk par
partisitisipaspasi i pempemerinerintahtah, , pripri+at+at, , dan dan masmasyaryarakaakat t daldalamam melindungi hutan dari kerusakan. oratorium ogging melindungi hutan dari kerusakan. oratorium ogging d
daappaat t mmeemmbbeerriikkaan n mmaann))aaaat t bbaaggi i sseemmuua a ppiihhaakk,, diantaranya>
diantaranya> 1.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Ind
Indonesonesia ia merumerupakpakan an NegNegara ara yanyang g memmemiliiliki ki berberbagbagaiai ma
ma$$am am 'e'eninis s huhutatan. n. SuSudede#a #a ((!!1%1%" " memennyeyebbututkkanan beberapa 'enis hutan yang ada di Indonesia diantaranya beberapa 'enis hutan yang ada di Indonesia diantaranya adalah hutan bakau, hutan ra#a, sabana, hutan musim, adalah hutan bakau, hutan ra#a, sabana, hutan musim, dan hutan hu'an tropis. 0utan bakau tumbuh pantai yang dan hutan hu'an tropis. 0utan bakau tumbuh pantai yang la
landndai, ai, beberlrlumumpupur r dadan n teterkrkenena a papasasang ng sursurut ut aiair r lalautut.. 0u
0utatan n babakakau u sansangagat t pepentntining g kakarenrena a memen'n'adadi i tetempmpatat berbagai 'enis ikan dan udang. Selain itu hutan bakau berbagai 'enis ikan dan udang. Selain itu hutan bakau 'uga
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
rain )orest" sangat menarik, merupakan ekosistem yang rain )orest" sangat menarik, merupakan ekosistem yang klimaks klimatik. umbuhan-tumbuhan yang ada dalam klimaks klimatik. umbuhan-tumbuhan yang ada dalam hu
hutatan n tetersrsebebut ut titidadak k pepernrnah ah memengnggugugugurkrkan an dadaunun,, ko
kondndisiisinynya a beber+r+arariaiasi si atatau au mamasisingng-m-masiasing ng tutumbmbuhuhanan berad
berada a dalam tingkatdalam tingkatan an kehidkehidupan sesuai upan sesuai dengadengan n si)atsi)at atau kelakuan masing-masing 'enis tumbuhan tersebut. atau kelakuan masing-masing 'enis tumbuhan tersebut. 0u
0utatan n huhu'a'an n trtropopis is inini i mememimililiki ki +e+egegetatasi si yayang ng khkhasas dae
daerah rah trotropis pis basbasah ah dan dan menmenutuutupi pi semsemua ua perpermukmukaanaan daratan yang memiliki iklim panas dan $urah hu'an yang daratan yang memiliki iklim panas dan $urah hu'an yang
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
a
ari ri pepengngelelomompopokakan n tetersrsebebut ut dadapapat t didililihahat t babah#h#aa sebenarnya pengelompokan yang disebutkan oleh Lihel sebenarnya pengelompokan yang disebutkan oleh Lihel sud
sudah ah masmasuk uk daldalam am penpengelgelompompokaokan n yanyang g disdisebuebutkatkann oleh 5ennedy
oleh 5ennedy. alam . alam man)aat atau )ungsi man)aat atau )ungsi ekonomi bah#aekonomi bah#a hu
huttan an adadaalalah h sesebabaggai ai susumbmber er dede+i+isa sa neneggarara a dadariri be
berbrbagagai ai mama$a$am m bebendnda a yayang ng didihahasilsilkakan n oleoleh h huhutatan.n. is
isalnalnya ya adaadalah lah kaykayu u gelgelondondongongan an maumaupun pun kaykayu-ku-kayuayu yang
yang sudah sudah diubah diubah men'adi men'adi barang-barang barang-barang kebutuhankebutuhan rum
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
(C<
(C<". ". SehSehingingga ga tumtumbuhbuhan an menmenyeryerap ap karkarbon bon diodioksiksidada
(C<
(C<" untuk dapat melakukan proses )otosintesis. ilain" untuk dapat melakukan proses )otosintesis. ilain
si
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
ha
hal l inini i teter'r'adadi i mamaka ka akakan an titimbmbul ul beberbrbagagai ai pepenynyakakitit perna)asan pada manusia. Selain itu makhluk hidup yang perna)asan pada manusia. Selain itu makhluk hidup yang lai
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
te
tererendndam am airair, , semsemenentatara ra dadaererah ah yayang ng kekeriring ng kakarerenana ken
kenaikaikan an suhu suhu akaakan n menmen'ad'adi i semsemakiakin n kerkeringing. . amampak pak yang terakhir
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
hutan membutuhkan perhatian khusus serta penanganan hutan membutuhkan perhatian khusus serta penanganan yang
yang $epat $epat agar agar kelestarian kelestarian hutan hutan dapat dapat segara segara pulihpulih sehing
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial
Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!
Start Free Trial